7. Water Pollution Detection System for Illegal Toxic Waste Dumps

Nowadays, there is an increment of the contaminated rivers in Malaysia due to illegal toxic waste dumping. They increased water pollution cases from a river in Malaysia, such as Johor and Selangor. This paper aims to detect real-time pollution to make the authorities take fast action to prevent widespread pollution and contamination. This work’s significance stems from its ability to wirelessly monitor real-time data, detect early pollution sources, and detect criminal activity. The system detects illegal toxic waste dumping via a wireless sensor network in every polluted river. It consists of the Arduino UNO as the microcontroller, a 9 V lithium-ion rechargeable battery as the power supply, a pH metre sensor, a DS18B20 temperature sensor, and a turbidity sensor, a SX1278 LoRa, a GPS Neo 6 m, and a SIM800C GSM. The WSN system is used to track freshwater quality measurements and is implemented at a distributed location. Each node can communicate with a range of water quality sensors. The signals from a GPS can give accurate and concise information used to estimate the exact location of the contaminated water. The collected data from each sensor will go to the sub-base station as the device network coordinator and alert the dedicated people of the activities via the GSM network. The accuracy shows that both classifications to distinguish clear freshwater and polluted water using ten different situations prove that this project has great potential for real-time detection of illegal toxic waste dumping in the target area.