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Erschienen in:
2017 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel
Water Resources Master Plan for Sustainable Development of the Souss-Massa River Basin
verfasst von : R. Choukr-Allah, A. Nghira, A. Hirich, L. Bouchaou
Erschienen in: The Souss‐Massa River Basin, Morocco
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Abstract
The Souss-Massa River Basin, which is bounded on the north by the High Atlas Mountains and on the south and east by the Anti-Atlas Mountains, covers approximately 27,000 km2. With a year-round growing season, irrigated agriculture in the river basin produces more than half of Morocco’s exported citrus and 85% of exported vegetables.
Surface water is collected and stored behind seven dams that have a combined total capacity of approximately 797 million cubic meters. Groundwater is obtained primarily from the Souss and Massa Valleys alluvial aquifer. The reported recharge rate is approximately 425 million cubic meters annually, an amount that varies significantly in response to rainfall.
The driving forces for a holistic water management with the basin are strong population growth and urbanization, tourism and industrialization, globalization, and climate variability and change leading to decreasing precipitation and increasing the frequency of droughts. Faced to the water deficit within the region, effective and efficient water management has to be based on long-term management master plan, prepared and implemented by the Souss-Massa Hydraulic Basin Agency. It was based on three scenarios including the no action plan which will lead to a disastrous social and economic situation and a moderate scenario to stabilize the piezometric level of the groundwater.
This chapter describes the vision of the river basin agency in developing a sustainable water supply system that meets current and future domestic and agricultural water demands and at the same time preserves the water resources for future generations and for the environment.