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2018 | Buch

Introduction Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Water Resources of Jordan

Political, Social and Economic Implications of Scarce Water Resources

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. Elias Salameh, Dr. Musa Shteiwi, Marwan Al Raggad

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Buchreihe : World Water Resources

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik"

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Über dieses Buch

This book gives a detailed account of the scarce water resources of Jordan, with a focus on their quantities, quality, and use for different sectors. It details the political, social, and economic dimensions of the scarce water resources along with their implications on Jordan's cooperation with its neighbors. The book includes implemented projects of dams, canals, water supply networks, waste water treatment, and more. It gives an overview of which projects have been successful and which have failed to achieve their purposes and why. Shared water with other countries and their developmental implications to the water sector are discussed and future water supply projects, such as the Red Sea-Dead Sea conduit project, are elaborated on. The book also touches upon the waves of refugees and their impact on the water sector and water strategies in Jordan.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
As a naturally semi-arid country, Jordan has limited amounts of rainfall and hence limited surface and groundwater resources.
Elias Salameh, Musa Shteiwi, Marwan Al Raggad
Chapter 2. Water Resources
Abstract
The development of the different social and economic sectors during the last six decades has been accompanied by increasing water extraction and use. Therefore two types of water situations have to be differentiated:
  • Pre-development water situation and
  • Actual water situation
Elias Salameh, Musa Shteiwi, Marwan Al Raggad
Chapter 3. Patterns of Water Use
Abstract
The present total water supplied for household use in Jordan is 420 MCM/year. This includes the physical losses from the water supply network incurred by corrosion and damage and the stealing of water (water theft). According to the Ministry of Water and Irrigation, these total losses (unaccounted for water) amount to 47% of all the supplied water (MWI 2016). Most of the stolen water is used in irrigation and only a very small percentage for household uses.
Elias Salameh, Musa Shteiwi, Marwan Al Raggad
Chapter 4. Water Pollution
Abstract
Two issues should be clearly and strictly separated from each other when considering the quality of a water source.
1.
Natural water quality: water characteristics as affected by natural conditions.
 
2.
Water quality as affected by human activities: changes in the original water qualities due to the human activities of urbanization, industrialization, agriculture and the building of structures.
 
Elias Salameh, Musa Shteiwi, Marwan Al Raggad
Chapter 5. Waste Water Treatment
Abstract
Water use in household, industry or agriculture produces waste water which cannot be used again for the same purpose which caused its deterioration. Municipal waste water is mainly composed of wastes from cooking/kitchen activities, body and clothes washing. Industrial waste water contains a very large variety of chemicals some of which are hazardous to humans, animals, plants and nature. Domestic waste water is also hazardous because it contains disease-causing organisms.
Elias Salameh, Musa Shteiwi, Marwan Al Raggad
Chapter 6. Water Pollution Management and Cost
Abstract
The efficiency of water pollution management can be expressed by its impacts on the environment. Efficient water use, waste water treatment and reuse and the avoidance of negative environmental impacts are good indicators of sound management. The misuse of water resources, water and environmental pollution, over-exploitation of water resources, violating sustainability principles and not respecting intergeneration equity indicate that water resources management is inefficient. Using social and economic development to justify water and environmental pollution cannot be accepted whether the pollution and depletion are quantitative or qualitative. Because by doing that the development runs into a vicious circle, and the damage to the environment and water resources reflects negatively on the development itself.
Elias Salameh, Musa Shteiwi, Marwan Al Raggad
Chapter 7. Water Politics
Abstract
It is in the overall national interest of the country to achieve/aspire to “sustainable water resources development” which according to the World Commission on Environment and Development (1987) is defined as “the ability to meet the needs of the here and now without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” Figure 7.1 illustrates the different degrees of national interest in relation to the water situation expressing the poverty or richness of a country in terms of water resources. The effects of population growth and living standards on the water situation are also illustrated.
Elias Salameh, Musa Shteiwi, Marwan Al Raggad
Chapter 8. Conclusions and Recommendations
Abstract
Water availability in the Middle East and North Africa has, throughout human history over the last few millennia, largely shaped human life and lifestyles, their socio-economies and even their conflicts (Salameh and Udluft 2001).
Elias Salameh, Musa Shteiwi, Marwan Al Raggad
Metadaten
Titel
Water Resources of Jordan
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. Elias Salameh
Dr. Musa Shteiwi
Marwan Al Raggad
Copyright-Jahr
2018
Electronic ISBN
978-3-319-77748-1
Print ISBN
978-3-319-77747-4
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77748-1