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2019 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

10. What Counts in the Politics of Climate Change? Science, Scepticism and Emblematic Numbers

verfasst von : Amanda Machin, Alexander Ruser

Erschienen in: Science, Numbers and Politics

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Scientific data is frequently presented in climate policy in the form of targets, thresholds and other “emblematic numbers”. Emblematic numbers provide putatively accurate, easily graspable units of comparison. Their use, however, belies the complexity of climate change and scientific data and threatens to mask the political decisions that operate behind them. Those interested in disrupting policymaking are able to expose and exploit this masked politicisation. This contribution unpicks the ambiguous politics of emblematic numbers. A Qualitative Content Analysis of the 2015 NIPCC report reveals the tactics of a climate change denial organisation to target the politics behind “97%” and “95%”. The contribution thus highlights a serious dilemma: to streamline policymaking by using emblematic numbers or to avoid the risks created by using them.

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Fußnoten
1
Klein (2014).
 
2
Stern (2006).
 
3
Gore (2006).
 
4
Hulme (2015).
 
5
Urry (2011, 19).
 
6
The difference between climate and weather holds even for James Inhofe, the Republican senator from Oklahoma, who threw a snowball across the U.S. Senate floor in order to ‘disprove climate change’ by beclouding the distinction (Gillis 2016).
 
7
Stehr and Machin (2019).
 
8
NASA (2015).
 
9
See Jasanoff (2007), Brown (2009), and Grundmann and Stehr (2012).
 
10
Jasanoff (2007).
 
11
Brown (2009, xi).
 
12
Brown (2009, 2–3).
 
13
Daston (1992).
 
14
Mitchell (1919, 231).
 
15
Mohun (2005, 338).
 
16
Mohun (2005, 345).
 
17
Rose (1991, 673).
 
18
Mincer (1973, 27).
 
19
Bundesagentur für Arbeit (2017, 75).
 
20
Speech by Wolfgang Schäuble at the dBAccess German, Swiss and Austrian Conference 2016. Available at www.​bundesfinanzmini​sterium.​de/​Content/​DE/​Reden/​2016/​2016-06-10-swiss-austrian-conference.​html.
 
21
Rose (1991, 674).
 
22
Simpson (19391940); see also Harper (2008).
 
23
Knopf et al. (2012, 131).
 
24
Risbey (2006, 529).
 
25
Machin (2013a).
 
26
Risbey (2006, 530).
 
27
Knopf et al. (2012).
 
28
Leggewie and Messner in Knopf et al. (2012, 130).
 
29
Copenhagen climate change conference: “Fourteen days to seal history’s judgement on this generation.” 7th December 2009. Available at http://​www.​theguardian.​com/​commentisfree/​2009/​dec/​06/​copenhagen-editorial.
 
30
Hulme (2012, 122).
 
31
Victor and Kennel (2014, 30).
 
32
Hulme (2012, 123).
 
33
Stern Review (2006, ii).
 
34
Note, however, that its “simple conclusion” has nevertheless been challenged by other economists. For example, the Stern Review calculates using a “zero time discount rate” that treats future generations symmetrically with current generations, but this discount rate has been questioned, most famously by Nordhaus (2007).
 
35
Trenberth (1997, 132).
 
36
Ibid., 131.
 
37
See Ruser (2015, 173–174).
 
38
Ruser (2015, 175ff).
 
39
Trenberth (1997, 131).
 
40
Charlesworth and Okereke (2010).
 
41
Machin (2013b).
 
42
IPCC (2010, 3).
 
43
IPCC (2014, 4).
 
44
Ibid., 5.
 
45
Davidson and Robson (2007, 8).
 
46
Engber (2013).
 
47
IPCC (2014, v).
 
48
Cook et al. (2013, 3).
 
49
Nuccitelli (2013).
 
50
Lomburg (2001, 9).
 
51
See Mayer (2016, 219).
 
52
Oreskes and Conway (2010, 234).
 
53
NIPCC (2015, ix).
 
54
Ibid., 18.
 
55
Ibid., 33.
 
56
See Forman and Damschroder (2008, 40).
 
57
Mayring (2014, 81).
 
58
NIPCC (2015, 14).
 
59
Ibid., 17.
 
60
Ibid., 42.
 
61
Ibid., 42–43.
 
62
Ibid., 38.
 
63
Ibid., 16.
 
64
Ibid., 22.
 
65
Ibid., 42.
 
66
Ibid., 43.
 
67
Ibid., 56.
 
68
Ibid., 22.
 
69
Ibid., 33.
 
70
Ibid., 31.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
What Counts in the Politics of Climate Change? Science, Scepticism and Emblematic Numbers
verfasst von
Amanda Machin
Alexander Ruser
Copyright-Jahr
2019
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11208-0_10