Skip to main content

2014 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

5. X-Ray Methods

verfasst von : Akshoy Kumar Chakraborty

Erschienen in: Phase Transformation of Kaolinite Clay

Verlag: Springer India

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Phase analysis of high temperature decomposition products of kaolinite are of considerable interest to the mineralogists as well as to ceramic technologists. X-ray is one of the most important tools and is used extensively for investigation of phase transformation behaviors of kaolinite during heating. After the discovery of X-ray, different types of camera/photographic techniques were gradually developed for recording powder and single crystal data. Thereafter, more rapid and sophisticated diffractometer techniques came up. Using such techniques, various researchers tried to evaluate the structure of kaolin minerals on the one hand and studied to reveal the mechanism of its thermal reaction on the other hand. Earlier reviews by Vaughn (1956), Freund (1960), Richardson (1961), and Davis and Pask (1971) are cited.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat M. Belloto, High temperature phase transformatiom in kaolinite: The influence of disorder and kinetics on the reaction path. Materials Sci. Forum, 166–169, 3–20 (1994) M. Belloto, High temperature phase transformatiom in kaolinite: The influence of disorder and kinetics on the reaction path. Materials Sci. Forum, 166–169, 3–20 (1994)
Zurück zum Zitat G.W. Brindley, K. Robinson, Structure of Kaolinite. Miner. Mag. 27, 242–253 (1946a) G.W. Brindley, K. Robinson, Structure of Kaolinite. Miner. Mag. 27, 242–253 (1946a)
Zurück zum Zitat G.W. Brindley, K. Robinson, Randomness in the structures of kaolinite clay minerals. Trans. Faraday Soc. 42B, 198–205 (1946b) G.W. Brindley, K. Robinson, Randomness in the structures of kaolinite clay minerals. Trans. Faraday Soc. 42B, 198–205 (1946b)
Zurück zum Zitat G.W. Brindley, K. Robinson. X-ray studies of some kaolinite fireclays. Trans. Brit. Ceram. Soc. 46, 49–62 (1947) G.W. Brindley, K. Robinson. X-ray studies of some kaolinite fireclays. Trans. Brit. Ceram. Soc. 46, 49–62 (1947)
Zurück zum Zitat G.W. Brindley, K. Hunter, Thermal reactions of nacrite and the formation of metakaolin, γ-Alumina, and Mullite. Miner. Mag. 30(288), 574–584 (1955) G.W. Brindley, K. Hunter, Thermal reactions of nacrite and the formation of metakaolin, γ-Alumina, and Mullite. Miner. Mag. 30(288), 574–584 (1955)
Zurück zum Zitat G.W. Brindley, M. Nakahira, The kaolinite-mullite reaction series: I, a survey of outstanding problems. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 42(7), 311–314 (1959a) G.W. Brindley, M. Nakahira, The kaolinite-mullite reaction series: I, a survey of outstanding problems. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 42(7), 311–314 (1959a)
Zurück zum Zitat G.W. Brindley, M. Nakahira, The kaolinite–mullite reaction series: II, metakaolin. J. Am. Ceram.Soc. 42(7), 314–318 (1959b) G.W. Brindley, M. Nakahira, The kaolinite–mullite reaction series: II, metakaolin. J. Am. Ceram.Soc. 42(7), 314–318 (1959b)
Zurück zum Zitat G.W. Brindley, M. Nakahira, The kaolinite–mullite reaction series: III, the high-temperature phases. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 42(7), 319–324 (1959c) G.W. Brindley, M. Nakahira, The kaolinite–mullite reaction series: III, the high-temperature phases. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 42(7), 319–324 (1959c)
Zurück zum Zitat O. Castelein, B. Soulestin, J.P. Bonnet, P. Blanchart, The influence of heating rate of the thermal behavior and mullite formation from a kaolin raw material. Ceram. Int. 27(5), 517–522 (2001). O. Castelein, B. Soulestin, J.P. Bonnet, P. Blanchart, The influence of heating rate of the thermal behavior and mullite formation from a kaolin raw material. Ceram. Int. 27(5), 517–522 (2001).
Zurück zum Zitat A.K. Chakraborty, S. Das and S. Gupta, Evidence for two stage mullite formation during thermal decomposition of kaolinite. Brit. Ceram. Trans. 102(4), 33–37 (2003) A.K. Chakraborty, S. Das and S. Gupta, Evidence for two stage mullite formation during thermal decomposition of kaolinite. Brit. Ceram. Trans. 102(4), 33–37 (2003)
Zurück zum Zitat R.F. Davis and J.A. Pask, Mullite. in Refractory materials, ed. by A. M Alper. High Temperature Oxides Part IV, Refractory Glasses, Glass Ceramics and Ceramics, (Academic Press, New York, London 1971), p. 37–76 R.F. Davis and J.A. Pask, Mullite. in Refractory materials, ed. by A. M Alper. High Temperature Oxides Part IV, Refractory Glasses, Glass Ceramics and Ceramics, (Academic Press, New York, London 1971), p. 37–76
Zurück zum Zitat W.L. De Keyser, Contribution to the study of mullite, Ber. Dtsch. Keram. Ges. 40, 304–315 (1963) W.L. De Keyser, Contribution to the study of mullite, Ber. Dtsch. Keram. Ges. 40, 304–315 (1963)
Zurück zum Zitat F. Freund, Explanation of exothermal reaction of kaolinite as a ‘Reaction of the Active State’. Ber. Deut. Keram. Ges. 37(51), 209–218 (1960b) F. Freund, Explanation of exothermal reaction of kaolinite as a ‘Reaction of the Active State’. Ber. Deut. Keram. Ges. 37(51), 209–218 (1960b)
Zurück zum Zitat H.D. Glass, High-emperature phases from kaolinite and halloysite. Am. Miner. 39, 193–207 (1954) H.D. Glass, High-emperature phases from kaolinite and halloysite. Am. Miner. 39, 193–207 (1954)
Zurück zum Zitat J.F. Hyslop, H.B. Rooksby, Effect of heat on crystalline break up of kaolin. Trans. Br. Ceram. Soc. 27(4), 93–96 (1928) J.F. Hyslop, H.B. Rooksby, Effect of heat on crystalline break up of kaolin. Trans. Br. Ceram. Soc. 27(4), 93–96 (1928)
Zurück zum Zitat J.F. Hyslop, Decomposition of clay by heat. Trans. Brit. Ceranz. Soc. 43(3), 49–51 (1944) J.F. Hyslop, Decomposition of clay by heat. Trans. Brit. Ceranz. Soc. 43(3), 49–51 (1944)
Zurück zum Zitat I.H. Insley, R.H. Ewell, Thermal Behavior of the Kaolin Minerals. J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. 14(S), 615–627 (1935) I.H. Insley, R.H. Ewell, Thermal Behavior of the Kaolin Minerals. J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. 14(S), 615–627 (1935)
Zurück zum Zitat A.H. Jay, An X-ray Study of Alumino-Silicate Refractories. Trans. Brit. Ceram. Soc. 35, 455–463 (1939) A.H. Jay, An X-ray Study of Alumino-Silicate Refractories. Trans. Brit. Ceram. Soc. 35, 455–463 (1939)
Zurück zum Zitat W.D. Johns, High-temperature phase changes in kaolinites. Miner. Mag. 30 (222), 186–198 (1953). W.D. Johns, High-temperature phase changes in kaolinites. Miner. Mag. 30 (222), 186–198 (1953).
Zurück zum Zitat A.J. Leonard, Structural analysis of the transition phases in the kaolinite–mullite thermal sequence. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 60(1–2), 37–43 (1977) A.J. Leonard, Structural analysis of the transition phases in the kaolinite–mullite thermal sequence. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 60(1–2), 37–43 (1977)
Zurück zum Zitat H. Murray and S.C. Lyons, Degree of Crystal Perfection of Kaolinite, Natl. Acad. Sci. Publ, 456, 31–40 (1956). H. Murray and S.C. Lyons, Degree of Crystal Perfection of Kaolinite, Natl. Acad. Sci. Publ, 456, 31–40 (1956).
Zurück zum Zitat H.M. Richardson, F.G. Wilde, X-ray study of the crystalline phases that occur in fired clays. Trans. Brit. Ceram. Soc. 51(7), 367–400 (1952) H.M. Richardson, F.G. Wilde, X-ray study of the crystalline phases that occur in fired clays. Trans. Brit. Ceram. Soc. 51(7), 367–400 (1952)
Zurück zum Zitat H.M. Richardson, Phase changes which occur on heating kaolin clays in The X-ray identification and crystal structures of clay minerals, ed. by G. Brown (The Mineralogical Soc., London, 1961) p. 132–142 H.M. Richardson, Phase changes which occur on heating kaolin clays in The X-ray identification and crystal structures of clay minerals, ed. by G. Brown (The Mineralogical Soc., London, 1961) p. 132–142
Zurück zum Zitat F. Rinne, Rontgrnographischc diagnostik heini rrennen von kalkstcin, dolomit,kaolin. und glimmer (X-ray study of calcined calcite, dolomite, kaolinite, and mica), Z. Krist. 61(1/2), 113 (1924) F. Rinne, Rontgrnographischc diagnostik heini rrennen von kalkstcin, dolomit,kaolin. und glimmer (X-ray study of calcined calcite, dolomite, kaolinite, and mica), Z. Krist. 61(1/2), 113 (1924)
Zurück zum Zitat N.C. Schieltz, M.R. Soleman, Thermodynamics of various high temperature transformation of kaolinite. Proc. 13th Natl. Conf. on Clays, Madison, Wisconsin, Pergamon press, Monograph, No.25, ed. by (Earl Ingerson 1966), p. 419–425 N.C. Schieltz, M.R. Soleman, Thermodynamics of various high temperature transformation of kaolinite. Proc. 13th Natl. Conf. on Clays, Madison, Wisconsin, Pergamon press, Monograph, No.25, ed. by (Earl Ingerson 1966), p. 419–425
Zurück zum Zitat M. Slaughter, W.D. Keller, High temperature transformation from impure kaolin clays. Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 38, 703–7 (1959) M. Slaughter, W.D. Keller, High temperature transformation from impure kaolin clays. Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 38, 703–7 (1959)
Zurück zum Zitat L. Tscheischwili, W. Biissern, W. Wevl, Uber den Metakaolin (Metakaolin). Ber. deut. keranz. Ges, 20(61), 249–276 (1939) L. Tscheischwili, W. Biissern, W. Wevl, Uber den Metakaolin (Metakaolin). Ber. deut. keranz. Ges, 20(61), 249–276 (1939)
Zurück zum Zitat S. Udagawa, T. Nakada, M. Nakahira, in Proceedings International Clay Conference, Molecular structure of allophane as revealed by its thermal transformation, Editor-in-chief Lisa Heller bisa Heller by Israil University Press, vol. 1, p. 151, Gerusalem (1969) S. Udagawa, T. Nakada, M. Nakahira, in Proceedings International Clay Conference, Molecular structure of allophane as revealed by its thermal transformation, Editor-in-chief Lisa Heller bisa Heller by Israil University Press, vol. 1, p. 151, Gerusalem (1969)
Zurück zum Zitat F. Vaughan, Review of literature on thermal breakdown of kaolinite and on its decomposition products. British Ceramic Research Association Special Publication No. 13, (1956) F. Vaughan, Review of literature on thermal breakdown of kaolinite and on its decomposition products. British Ceramic Research Association Special Publication No. 13, (1956)
Zurück zum Zitat F.M. Wahl, R.E. Grim, Twelfth national conference on clays and clay minerals, High temperature DTA and XRD studies of reactions, pp. 69–81 (1964). F.M. Wahl, R.E. Grim, Twelfth national conference on clays and clay minerals, High temperature DTA and XRD studies of reactions, pp. 69–81 (1964).
Metadaten
Titel
X-Ray Methods
verfasst von
Akshoy Kumar Chakraborty
Copyright-Jahr
2014
Verlag
Springer India
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1154-9_5

    Marktübersichten

    Die im Laufe eines Jahres in der „adhäsion“ veröffentlichten Marktübersichten helfen Anwendern verschiedenster Branchen, sich einen gezielten Überblick über Lieferantenangebote zu verschaffen.