1 Introduction
2 Experimental
2.1 Sample Preparation
2.2 Apparatus and Procedure
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Reduction Behavior of Nickel Oxide Under H2 Gas by Using TGA Method
Model | Differential form
\(f(x) = \frac{1}{k}\frac{dx}{dt}\)
| Integral form
\(g(x) = kt\)
|
\({\text{R}}^{2}\)
|
---|---|---|---|
Diffusion model | |||
10 diffusion (10) |
\(1/(2x)\)
|
\(x^{2}\)
| 0.911 |
20 diffusion (20) |
\(- [1/ln(1 - x)]\)
|
\(((1 - x)ln(1 - x)) + x\)
| 0.861 |
30 diffusion (30) |
\({{\left[ {3(1 - x)^{{\frac{2}{3}}} } \right]} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\left[ {3(1 - x)^{{\frac{2}{3}}} } \right]} {\left[ {2\left( {1 - (1 - x)^{{\frac{1}{3}}} } \right)} \right]}}} \right. \kern-0pt} {\left[ {2\left( {1 - (1 - x)^{{\frac{1}{3}}} } \right)} \right]}}\)
|
\(\left( {1 - (1 - x)^{{\frac{1}{3}}} } \right)^{2}\)
| 0.755 |
Nucleation model | |||
Avrami–Erofeev (A2) |
\(2(1 - x)\left[ { - ln(1 - x)} \right]^{{\frac{1}{2}}}\)
|
\(\left[ { - ln(1 - x)} \right]^{{\frac{1}{2}}}\)
| 0.984 |
Avrami–Erofeev (A3) |
\(3(1 - x)\left[ { - ln(1 - x)} \right]^{{\frac{2}{3}}}\)
|
\(\left[ { - ln(1 - x)} \right]^{{\frac{1}{3}}}\)
| 0.977 |
Avrami–Erofeev (A2) |
\(4(1 - x)\left[ { - ln(1 - x)} \right]^{{\frac{3}{4}}}\)
|
\(\left[ { - ln(1 - x)} \right]^{{\frac{1}{4}}}\)
| 0.951 |
Interfacial chemical reaction model | |||
Contracting area (R2) |
\(2(1 - x)^{1/2}\)
|
\(1 - (1 - x)^{1/2}\)
| 0.944 |
Contracting volume (R3) |
\(3(1 - x)^{2/3}\)
|
\(1 - (1 - x)^{1/3}\)
| 0.944 |