Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Journal of Materials Science 1/2015

01.01.2015

A procedure for indirect and automatic measurement of prior austenite grain size in bainite/martensite microstructures

verfasst von: L. Morales-Rivas, V. A. Yardley, C. Capdevila, C. Garcia-Mateo, H. Roelofs, F. G. Caballero

Erschienen in: Journal of Materials Science | Ausgabe 1/2015

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

An alternative procedure for indirect and automatic measurement of the prior austenite grain size (PAGS) in bainite/martensite is proposed in this work. It consists in the determination of an effective grain size by means of statistical post-processing of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) data. The algorithm developed for that purpose, which is available on-line, has been applied to simulated EBSD maps as well as to both nanocrystalline bainitic steel and commercial hot-rolled air-cooled steel with a granular bainitic microstructure. The new proposed method has been proven to be robust, and results are in good agreement with conventional PAGS measurements. The added value of the procedure comes from its simplicity, as no parent reconstruction is involved during the process, and its suitability for low-magnification EBSD maps, thus allowing a large step size and coverage of a substantially broader area of the sample than the previous methods reported.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Gladman T (1997) The physical metallurgy of microalloyed steels. Institute of Materials, London Gladman T (1997) The physical metallurgy of microalloyed steels. Institute of Materials, London
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Matsuzaki A, Bhadeshia HKDH (1999) Effect of austenite grain size and bainite morphology on overall kinetics of bainite transformation in steels. Mater Sci Technol 15:518–522CrossRef Matsuzaki A, Bhadeshia HKDH (1999) Effect of austenite grain size and bainite morphology on overall kinetics of bainite transformation in steels. Mater Sci Technol 15:518–522CrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Garcia-Mateo C, Caballero FG, Bhadeshia HKDH (2003) Acceleration of low-temperature bainite. ISIJ Int 43:1821–1825CrossRef Garcia-Mateo C, Caballero FG, Bhadeshia HKDH (2003) Acceleration of low-temperature bainite. ISIJ Int 43:1821–1825CrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Garcia-Mateo C, Sourmail T, Caballero FG et al (2014) Nanostructured steel industrialisation: plausible reality. Mater Sci Technol 30:1071–1078CrossRef Garcia-Mateo C, Sourmail T, Caballero FG et al (2014) Nanostructured steel industrialisation: plausible reality. Mater Sci Technol 30:1071–1078CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Vander Voort GF (1984) Metallography: principles and practice. McGraw-Hill Book, New York Vander Voort GF (1984) Metallography: principles and practice. McGraw-Hill Book, New York
6.
Zurück zum Zitat García De Andrés C, Bartolomé MJ, Capdevila C, San Martín D, Caballero FG, López V (2001) Metallographic techniques for the determination of the austenite grain size in medium-carbon microalloyed steels. Mater Charact 46:389–398CrossRef García De Andrés C, Bartolomé MJ, Capdevila C, San Martín D, Caballero FG, López V (2001) Metallographic techniques for the determination of the austenite grain size in medium-carbon microalloyed steels. Mater Charact 46:389–398CrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Lozinskii MG (1961) High temperature metallography. Pergamon, Oxford, p 241CrossRef Lozinskii MG (1961) High temperature metallography. Pergamon, Oxford, p 241CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Okamoto M, Miyagawa O, Saga T (1966) High temperature microscope observation of the austenite grain size of steels. Trans Jpn Inst Met 7:217–223CrossRef Okamoto M, Miyagawa O, Saga T (1966) High temperature microscope observation of the austenite grain size of steels. Trans Jpn Inst Met 7:217–223CrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Modin H, Modin S (1973) Metallurgical microscopy. Butterworths, London, pp 181–183CrossRef Modin H, Modin S (1973) Metallurgical microscopy. Butterworths, London, pp 181–183CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Gourgues–Lorenzon AF (2007) Application of electron backscatter diffraction to the study of phase transformations. Int Mater Rev 52(2):65–128CrossRef Gourgues–Lorenzon AF (2007) Application of electron backscatter diffraction to the study of phase transformations. Int Mater Rev 52(2):65–128CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Patala S, Mason JK, Schuh CA (2012) Improved representations of misorientation information for grain boundary science and engineering. Prog Mater Sci 57(8):1383–1425CrossRef Patala S, Mason JK, Schuh CA (2012) Improved representations of misorientation information for grain boundary science and engineering. Prog Mater Sci 57(8):1383–1425CrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Bachmann F, Hielscher R, Schaeben H (2010) Texture analysis with MTEX: free and open source software soolbox. Solid State Phenom 160:63–68CrossRef Bachmann F, Hielscher R, Schaeben H (2010) Texture analysis with MTEX: free and open source software soolbox. Solid State Phenom 160:63–68CrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Kurdjumow G, Sachs G (1930) Über der Mechanismus der Stahlhärtung (On the mechanism of hardening of steel). Z Physik 64:325–343CrossRef Kurdjumow G, Sachs G (1930) Über der Mechanismus der Stahlhärtung (On the mechanism of hardening of steel). Z Physik 64:325–343CrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Furuhara T, Kawata H, Morito S, Maki T (2006) Crystallography of upper bainite in Fe–Ni–C alloys. Mater Sci Eng A 431:228–236CrossRef Furuhara T, Kawata H, Morito S, Maki T (2006) Crystallography of upper bainite in Fe–Ni–C alloys. Mater Sci Eng A 431:228–236CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Nishiyama Z (1934) X-ray investigation of the mechanism of the transformation from face-centred cubic lattice to body-centred cubic. Sci Rep Tohoku Imperial Univ 23:637–664 Nishiyama Z (1934) X-ray investigation of the mechanism of the transformation from face-centred cubic lattice to body-centred cubic. Sci Rep Tohoku Imperial Univ 23:637–664
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Wassermann G (1935) Über den Mechanismus der α → γ Umwandlung des Eisens (On the mechanism of the α → γ transformation of iron). Mitteilungen aus dem Kaiser Wilhelm Institut für Eisenforschung 17:149–155 Wassermann G (1935) Über den Mechanismus der α → γ Umwandlung des Eisens (On the mechanism of the α → γ transformation of iron). Mitteilungen aus dem Kaiser Wilhelm Institut für Eisenforschung 17:149–155
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Germain L, Gey N, Mercier R, Blaineau P, Humbert M (2012) An advanced approach to reconstructing parent orientation maps in the case of approximate orientation relations: Application to steels. Acta Mater 60:4551–4562CrossRef Germain L, Gey N, Mercier R, Blaineau P, Humbert M (2012) An advanced approach to reconstructing parent orientation maps in the case of approximate orientation relations: Application to steels. Acta Mater 60:4551–4562CrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Yardley VA, Payton EJ (2014) Austenite–martensite/bainite orientation relationship: characterisation parameters and their application. Mater Sci Technol 30:1125–1130CrossRef Yardley VA, Payton EJ (2014) Austenite–martensite/bainite orientation relationship: characterisation parameters and their application. Mater Sci Technol 30:1125–1130CrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat HKL CHANNEL 5 software, version 5.0.9.0, 1998-2006 HKL Technology A/S (Oxford Instruments plc, Tubney Woods, Abingdon, Oxon OX13 5QX, UK) HKL CHANNEL 5 software, version 5.0.9.0, 1998-2006 HKL Technology A/S (Oxford Instruments plc, Tubney Woods, Abingdon, Oxon OX13 5QX, UK)
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Cayron C, Artaud B, Briottet L (2006) Reconstruction of parent grains from EBSD data. Mater Charact 57:386–401CrossRef Cayron C, Artaud B, Briottet L (2006) Reconstruction of parent grains from EBSD data. Mater Charact 57:386–401CrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Tari V, Rollett AD, Beladi H (2013) Back calculation of parent austenite orientation using a clustering approach. J Appl Crystallogr 46:210–215CrossRef Tari V, Rollett AD, Beladi H (2013) Back calculation of parent austenite orientation using a clustering approach. J Appl Crystallogr 46:210–215CrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Abbasi M, Nelson TW, Sorensen CD, Wei L (2012) An approach to prior austenite reconstruction. Mater Charact 66:1–8CrossRef Abbasi M, Nelson TW, Sorensen CD, Wei L (2012) An approach to prior austenite reconstruction. Mater Charact 66:1–8CrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Miyamoto G, Iwata N, Takayama N, Furuhara T (2010) Mapping the parent austenite orientation reconstructed from the orientation of martensite by EBSD and its application to ausformed martensite. Acta Mater 58:6393–6403CrossRef Miyamoto G, Iwata N, Takayama N, Furuhara T (2010) Mapping the parent austenite orientation reconstructed from the orientation of martensite by EBSD and its application to ausformed martensite. Acta Mater 58:6393–6403CrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Bernier N, Bracke L, Malet L, Godet S (2014) An alternative to the crystallographic reconstruction of austenite in steels. Mater Charact 89:23–32CrossRef Bernier N, Bracke L, Malet L, Godet S (2014) An alternative to the crystallographic reconstruction of austenite in steels. Mater Charact 89:23–32CrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Brahme A, Staraselski Y, Inal K, Mishra RK (2012) Determination of the minimum scan size to obtain representative textures by electron backscatter diffraction. Metall Mater Trans A 43:5298–5307CrossRef Brahme A, Staraselski Y, Inal K, Mishra RK (2012) Determination of the minimum scan size to obtain representative textures by electron backscatter diffraction. Metall Mater Trans A 43:5298–5307CrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Beausir B, Fressengeas C, Gurao NP, Toth LS, Suwas S (2009) Spatial correlation in grain misorientation distribution. Acta Mater 57(18):5382–5395CrossRef Beausir B, Fressengeas C, Gurao NP, Toth LS, Suwas S (2009) Spatial correlation in grain misorientation distribution. Acta Mater 57(18):5382–5395CrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Mackenzie JK (1958) 2nd paper on statistics associated with the random misorientation of cubes. Biometrika 45:229–240CrossRef Mackenzie JK (1958) 2nd paper on statistics associated with the random misorientation of cubes. Biometrika 45:229–240CrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Handscomb DC (1958) On the random misorientation of two cubes. Canad J Math 10:85–88CrossRef Handscomb DC (1958) On the random misorientation of two cubes. Canad J Math 10:85–88CrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Caballero FG, Roelofs H, Hasler S et al (2012) Influence of bainite morphology on impact toughness of continuously cooled cementite free bainitic steels. Mater Sci Technol 28:95–102CrossRef Caballero FG, Roelofs H, Hasler S et al (2012) Influence of bainite morphology on impact toughness of continuously cooled cementite free bainitic steels. Mater Sci Technol 28:95–102CrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat MATLAB (MathWorks, Inc., Natick, MA, USA) MATLAB (MathWorks, Inc., Natick, MA, USA)
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Bramfitt S (1990) A perspective on the Morphology of Bainite. Metall Trans A 21:817–829CrossRef Bramfitt S (1990) A perspective on the Morphology of Bainite. Metall Trans A 21:817–829CrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Krauss G, Thompson SW (1995) Ferritic microstructures in continuously cooled low-carbon and ultralow-carbon steels. ISIJ Int 35:937–945CrossRef Krauss G, Thompson SW (1995) Ferritic microstructures in continuously cooled low-carbon and ultralow-carbon steels. ISIJ Int 35:937–945CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
A procedure for indirect and automatic measurement of prior austenite grain size in bainite/martensite microstructures
verfasst von
L. Morales-Rivas
V. A. Yardley
C. Capdevila
C. Garcia-Mateo
H. Roelofs
F. G. Caballero
Publikationsdatum
01.01.2015
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Journal of Materials Science / Ausgabe 1/2015
Print ISSN: 0022-2461
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-4803
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-014-8584-6

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2015

Journal of Materials Science 1/2015 Zur Ausgabe

    Marktübersichten

    Die im Laufe eines Jahres in der „adhäsion“ veröffentlichten Marktübersichten helfen Anwendern verschiedenster Branchen, sich einen gezielten Überblick über Lieferantenangebote zu verschaffen.