nach oben

Erschienen in:

2017 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

1. A Review and Perspective of Constructed Wetlands as a Green Technology in Decentralization Practices

verfasst von : Alireza Valipour, Young-Ho Ahn

Erschienen in: Green Technologies and Environmental Sustainability

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

Constructed wetlands (CWs) could be an environmentally acceptable option in treating domestic sewage. But, the successful implementation of this technology in decentralization practices is still under debate. Increasing the knowledge regarding the use of CWs in coastal regions where domestic sewage seriously stressed with total dissolved solids (TDS) and cold weather conditions is additionally imperative. A comprehensive review is therefore needed to have a better understanding of this state-of-the-art technology to inspire a sustainable solution for onsite sanitation. This chapter covers the role of plants, media materials, microorganisms, and oxygen transfer in domestic wastewater purification through constructed wetlands (CWs). The pros and cons, operational design variables, and effectiveness of traditional and recently developed CWs, and the necessity of an induced biofilm attachment surface (BAS) in these systems for the treatment of domestic sewage are presented. This chapter also elucidates the ability of CWs to deal with TDS-contaminated wastewater. Adaptive strategies to mitigate the impacts of cold climate on the effectiveness of CWs are also summarized. Future research that needs for enhancing stability and sustainability of wetland systems is highlighted. Overall, by more advanced investigation, the biofilm attachment surface (BAS) CWs can be specified as an ideal treatment process in decentralization. The success of CWs responding to environmental stress can occur by optimum engineering design and operation.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Nächstes Kapitel Laccases: A Blue Enzyme for Greener Alternative Technologies in the Detection and Treatment of Emerging Pollutants

Abidi S, Kallali H, Jedidi N et al (2009) Comparative pilot study of the performances of two constructed wetland wastewater treatment hybrid systems. Desalin 246:370–377CrossRef

Abou-Elela SI, Golinielli G, Abou-Taleb EM et al (2013) Municipal wastewater treatment in horizontal and vertical flows constructed wetlands. Ecol Eng 61:460–468CrossRef

Ahemad M, Kibret M (2014) Mechanisms and applications of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria: current perspective. J King Saud Univ Sci 26:1–20CrossRef

Ahmad F, Ahmad I, Khan MS (2008) Screening of free-living rhizospheric bacteria for their multiple plant growth promoting activities. Microbiol Res 163:173–181CrossRef

Ahn YH (2006) Sustainable nitrogen elimination biotechnologies: a review. Process Biochem 41:1709–1721CrossRef

Allen LH Jr (1997) Mechanisms and rates of O₂ transfer to and through submerged rhizomes and roots via aerenchyma. Annu Proc Soil Crop Sci Soc Fla 56:41–54

Armstrong W, Armstrong J (2005) Stem photosynthesis not pressurized ventilation is responsible for light-enhanced oxygen supply to submerged roots of Alder (Alnus glutinosa). Ann Bot 96:591–612CrossRef

Austin D (2006) Advanced treatment wetlands: a 4th generation technology. North American Wetland Engineering, White Bear Lake

Austin D, Nivala J (2009) Energy requirements for nitrification and biological nitrogen removal in engineered wetlands. Ecol Eng 35:184–192CrossRef

Ávila C, Garfí M, García J (2013a) Three-stage hybrid constructed wetland system for wastewater treatment and reuse in warm climate regions. Ecol Eng 61:43–49CrossRef

Ávila C, Salas JJ, Martín I et al (2013b) Integrated treatment of combined sewer wastewater and stormwater in a hybrid constructed wetland system in southern Spain and its further reuse. Ecol Eng 50:13–20CrossRef

Ávila C, Matamoros V, Reyes-Contreras C et al (2014) Attenuation of emerging organic contaminants in a hybrid constructed wetland system under different hydraulic loading rates and their associated toxicological effects in wastewater. Sci Total Environ 470–471:1272–1280CrossRef

Babatunde AO, Zhao YQ, O’Neill M et al (2008) Constructed wetlands for environmental pollution control: a review of developments, research and practice in Ireland. Environ Int 34:116–126CrossRef

Bashyal S (2010) Wastewater treatment by floating and emergent aquatic macrophytes in artificial wetland system. Ph.D. Thesis, Sunmoon University, South Korea

Baskar G, Deeptha VT, Abdul Rahaman A (2009) Root zone technology for campus waste water treatment. J Environ Res Dev 3:695–705

Bialowiec A, Davies L, Albuquerque A et al (2012a) Nitrogen removal from landfill leachate in constructed wetlands with reed and willow: redox potential in the root zone. J. Environ. Manage 97:22–27CrossRef

Bialowiec A, Davies L, Albuquerque A et al (2012b) The influence of plants on nitrogen removal from landfill leachate in discontinuous batch shallow constructed wetland with recirculating subsurface horizontal flow. Ecol Eng 40:44–52CrossRef

Bouizgarne B (2013) Bacteria for plant growth promotion and disease management. In: Maheshwari DK (ed) Bacteria in agrobiology: disease management. Springer, London, pp 15–47CrossRef

Brix H (1993) Wastewater treatment in constructed wetlands: system design, removal processes, and treatment performance. In: Moshiri GA (ed) Constructed wetlands for water quality improvement. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 9–22

Brix H (2003) Plants used in constructed wetlands and their functions. In: Dias V, Vymazal J (eds) Proceedings of the 1st international seminar on the use of aquatic macrophytes for wastewater treatment in constructed wetlands, Lisboa, Portugal

Brix H, Arias CA (2005) The use of vertical flow constructed wetlands for on-site treatment of domestic wastewater: New Danish guidelines. Ecol Eng 25:491–500CrossRef

Brix H, Arias CA, del Bubba M (2001) Media selection for sustainable phosphorus removal in subsurface flow constructed wetlands. Water Sci Technol 44:47–54

Bumunang EW, Babalola OO (2014) Characterization of rhizobacteria from field grown genetically modified (GM) and non-GM maizes. Braz Arch Biol Technol 57:1–8CrossRef

Chale FMM (2012) Nutrient removal in domestic wastewater using common reed (Phragmites mauritianus) in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands. Tanzania J Nat Appl Sci 3:495–499

Chang JJ, Wu SQ, Dai YR et al (2012) Treatment performance of integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland plots for domestic wastewater. Ecol Eng 44:152–159CrossRef

Chazarenc F, Gagnon V, Comeau Y et al (2009) Effect of plant and artificial aeration on solids accumulation and biological activities in constructed wetlands. Ecol Eng 35:1005–1010CrossRef

Chen Z (2012) Treatment of waters contaminated by volatile organic compounds (chlorinated hydrocarbons, btex aromatics, etc.) in constructed wetlands: process characterisation and treatment optimization. Ph.D. Thesis, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany

Ciria MP, Solano ML, Soriano P (2005) Role of macrophyte Typha latifolia in a constructed wetland for wastewater treatment and assessment of its potential as a biomass fuel. Biosyst Eng 92:535–544CrossRef

Cooray S, Piyadasa RUK, Wickramasinghe D (2012) Spatial variability of soil characteristics along a landscape gradient in Bellanwila-Attidiya area. J Trop For Environ 2:60–68

Copcia V, Hristodor C, Luchian C et al (2010) Ammonium nitrogen removal from aqueous solution by natural clay. Rev Chim (Bucharest) 61:1192–1196

Cronk JK, Fennessy MS (2001) Wetland plants: biology and ecology. CRC Press, Boca RatonCrossRef

Dordio A, Palace Carvalho AJ, Pinto AP (2008) Wetlands: water “living filters”? In: Russo RE (ed) Wetlands: ecology, conservation and restoration. Nova Science, Hauppauge, pp 15–72

dos Santos V, Claro EMT, Montagnolli RN et al (2013) Constructed wetland system as secondary treatment for stabilization pond domestic effluent. Environ Ecol 4:86–96CrossRef

El-Khateeb MA, El-Bahrawy AZ (2013) Extensive post treatment using constructed wetland. Life Sci J 10:560–568

Fan J, Liang S, Zhang B et al (2013a) Enhanced organics and nitrogen removal in batch-operated vertical flow constructed wetlands by combination of intermittent aeration and step feeding strategy. Environ Sci Pollut Res 20:2448–2455CrossRef

Fan J, Wang W, Zhang B et al (2013b) Nitrogen removal in intermittently aerated vertical flow constructed wetlands: impact of influent COD/N ratios. Bioresour Technol 143:461–466CrossRef

Gerke S, Baker LA, Xu Y (2001) Nitrogen transformations in a wetland receiving lagoon effluent: sequential model and implications for water reuse. Wat Res 35:3857–3866CrossRef

Gikas GD, Tsihrintzis VA (2014) Stabilization pond systems for wastewater treatment: facility costs and environmental footprint assessment. Global NEST J 16:374–384

Gontia-Mishra I, Sasidharan S, Tiwari S (2014) Recent developments in use of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase for conferring tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress. Biotechnol Lett 36:889–898CrossRef

Ham JH, Yoon CG, Jeon JH et al (2007) Feasibility of a constructed wetland and wastewater stabilisation pond system as a sewage reclamation system for agricultural reuse in a decentralised rural area. Water Sci Technol 55:503–511CrossRef

Hamdan R, Mara DD (2014) Removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from waste stabilization pond effluents using aerated blast-furnace-slag filter. In: Yang G (ed) Future energy, environment and materials. WIT Press, Southampton, pp 719–726

Haynes RJ (2015) Use of industrial wastes as media in constructed wetlands and filter beds-prospects for removal of phosphate and metals from wastewater streams. Crit Rev Env Sci Technol 45:1041–1103CrossRef

Heers M (2006) Constructed wetlands under different geographic conditions: evaluation of the suitability and criteria for the choice of plants including productive species. Master Thesis, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Germany

Hendrawan DI, Widanarko S, Moersidik SS et al (2013) The performance of subsurface constructed wetland for domestic wastewater treatment. Int J Eng Res. Technol 2:3374–3382

Hondulas JL (1994) Treatment of polluted water using wetland plants in a floating habitat. US patent 5,337,516, 16 Aug 1994

Horváth G (2012) Review of subsurface flow treatment wetland feasibility in Finland. Bachelor Thesis, Tampere University of Applied Science, Finland

Hu YS, Zhao YQ, Zhao XH et al (2012) Comprehensive analysis of step-feeding strategy to enhance biological nitrogen removal in alum sludge-based tidal flow constructed wetlands. Bioresour Technol 111:27–35CrossRef

Hu Y, Zhao Y, Rymszewicz A (2014) Robust biological nitrogen removal by creating multiple tides in a single bed tidal flow constructed wetland. Sci Total Environ 470–471:1197–1204CrossRef

Jamieson TS, Stratton GW, Gordon R et al (2003) The use of aeration to enhance ammonia nitrogen removal in constructed wetlands. Can Biosyst Eng 45:9–14

Jamshidi S, Akbarzadeh A, Woo KS et al (2014) Wastewater treatment using integrated anaerobic baffled reactor and Bio-rack wetland planted with Phragmites sp. and Typha sp. Environ Health Sci Eng 12:131–143CrossRef

Jhansi SC, Mishra SK (2013) Wastewater treatment and reuse: sustainability options. Consilience J Sustain Dev 10:1–15

Jóźwiakowski K, Wielgosz E (2010) Numbers of selected physiological groups of bacteria in domestic sewage after various stages of treatment in multi-stage constructed wetland. Teka Kom Ochr Kszt Środ Przyr 7:119–129

Kadlec RH (2009) Wastewater treatment at the Houghton lake wetland: soils and sediments. Ecol Eng 35:1333–1348CrossRef

Kadlec RH, Knight RL (1996) Treatment wetlands. CRC Press, Boca Raton

Kadlec RH, Wallace SD (2009) Treatment wetlands, 2nd edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton

Kang SM, Khan AL, Waqas M et al (2014) Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria reduce adverse effects of salinity and osmotic stress by regulating phytohormones and antioxidants in Cucumis sativus. J Plant Interact 9:673–682CrossRef

Kapoor R, Evelin H, Mathur P et al (2013) Arbuscular mycorrhiza: approaches for abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants for sustainable agriculture. In: Tuteja N, Gill SS (eds) Plant acclimation to environmental stress. Springer, New York, pp 359–401CrossRef

Kim Y, Giokas DL, Chung PG et al (2003) Design of water hyacinth ponds for removing algal particles from waste stabilization ponds. Water Sci Technol 48:115–123

Konnerup D, Koottatep T, Brix H (2009) Treatment of domestic wastewater in tropical, subsurface flow constructed wetlands planted with Canna and Heliconia. Ecol Eng 35:248–257CrossRef

Kumari M, Tripathi BD (2014) Effect of aeration and mixed culture of Eichhornia crassipes and Salvinia natans on removal of wastewater pollutants. Ecol Eng 62:48–53CrossRef

Läuchli A, Grattan SR (2007) Plant growth and development under salinity stress. In: Jenks MA, Hasegawa PM, Jain SM (eds) Advances in molecular breeding toward drought and salt tolerant crops. Springer, The Netherlands, pp 1–32CrossRef

Lesage E (2006) Behavior of heavy metals in constructed treatment wetlands. PhD thesis, Ghent University, Belgium

Li H, Ye ZH, Wei ZJ et al (2011a) Root porosity and radial oxygen loss related to arsenic tolerance and uptake in wetland plants. Environ Pollut 159:30–37CrossRef

Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhang X (2011b) Heat preservation of subsurface flow constructed wetland in cold area in winter and its operation effect. Proc Environ Sci 10:2182–2188CrossRef

Liua R, Zhaoa Y, Dohertya L et al (2015) A review of incorporation of constructed wetland with other treatment processes. Chem Eng 279:220–230CrossRef

Mæhlum T (1999) Wetlands for treatment of landfill leachates in cold climates. In: Mulamoottil G, McBean EA, Rovers F (eds) Constructed wetlands for the treatment of landfill leachates. CRC Press, Boca Raton

Mander U, Teiter S, Kuusemets V et al (2003) Nitrogen and phosphorous budgets in a subsurface flow wastewater treatment wetland. Water Resour Manage II 61:135–148

Martínez-Viveros O, Jorquera MA, Crowley DE et al (2010) Mechanisms and practical considerations involved in plant growth promotion by rhizobacteria. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 10:293–319CrossRef

Masi F, Martinuzzi N (2007) Constructed wetlands for the Mediterranean countries: hybrid systems for water reuse and sustainable sanitation. Desalination 215:44–55CrossRef

Massoud MA, Tarhini A, Nasr JA (2009) Decentralized approaches to wastewater treatment and management: applicability in developing countries. J Environ Manage 90:652–659CrossRef

Mbuligwe SE, Kaseva ME, Kassenga GR (2011) Applicability of engineered wetland systems for wastewater treatment in Tanzania—a review. Open Environ Eng J 4:18–31CrossRef

Mburu N, Thumbi GM, Mayabi AO (2008) Removal of bacterial pathogen from domestic wastewater in a tropical subsurface horizontal flow constructed wetland. In: Sengupta M, Dalwani R (eds) Proceedings of Taal 2007: The 12th world lake conference, pp 1010–1015

Melian JAH, Rodriguez AJM, Arana J et al (2010) Hybrid constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment and reuse in the Canary Islands. Ecol Eng 36:891–899CrossRef

Metcalf & Eddy Inc (2003) Wastewater engineering: treatment and reuse, 4th edn. McGraw-Hill, New York

Mietto A, Borin M (2013) Performance of two small subsurface flow constructed wetlands treating domestic wastewaters in Italy. Environ Technol 34:1085–1095CrossRef

Mitsch WJ, Gosselink JG (2007) Wetlands, 4th edn. Wiley, Hoboken

Moss B (1988) Ecology of freshwater. Blackball Scientific, London

Nasr FA, Doma HS, Nassar HF (2009) Treatment of domestic wastewater using an anaerobic baffled reactor followed by a duckweed pond for agricultural purposes. Environmentalist 29:270–279CrossRef

Ouellet-Plamondon C, Chazarenc F, Comeau Y et al (2006) Artificial aeration to increase pollutant removal efficiency of constructed wetlands in cold climate. Ecol Eng 27:258–264CrossRef

Peng JF, Wang BZ, Wang L (2005) Multi-stage ponds–wetlands ecosystem for effective wastewater treatment. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 6:346–352CrossRef

Pilon-Smits E (2005) Phytoremediation. Annu Rev Plant Biol 56:15–39CrossRef

Pivetz BE (2001) Phytoremediation of contaminated soil and ground water at hazardous waste sites. US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, EPA/540-S/01/500

Polprasert C (2006) Design and operation of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment and reuses. In: Ujang Z, Henze M (eds) Municipal wastewater management in developing countries: principles and engineering. IWA, London, pp 192–218

Pries JH, Borer RE, Clarke RA et al. (1996) Performance and design considerations of treatment wetland systems for livestock wastewater management in cold climate regions in southern Canada and the northern United States. In: Proceedings of the 2nd national workshop on constructed wetlands for animal waste management, Texas A&M University, College Station, Fort Worth, TX, USA

Reddy KR, DeLaune RD (2008) Biogeochemistry of wetlands: science and applications. CRC Press, Boca RatonCrossRef

Ríos C, Gutiérrez L, Aizaki M (2007) A case study on the use of constructed wetlands for the treatment of wastewater as an alternative for petroleum industry. Bistua 5:25–41

Scholz M (2011) Wetland systems: storm water management control. Springer, LondonCrossRef

Shelef O, Gross A, Rachmilevitch S (2013) Role of plants in a constructed wetland: current and new perspectives. Water 5:405–419CrossRef

Shen H, Hu HY, Pan YB (2007) Study on enhanced measures for operation of subsurface flow constructed wetlands in winter. China Water Wastewater 23:44–46

Singh S, Haberl R, Moog O et al (2009) Performance of an anaerobic baffled reactor and hybrid constructed wetland treating high-strength wastewater in Nepal—a model for DEWATS. Ecol Eng 35:654–660CrossRef

Sirianuntapiboon S, Jitvimolnimit S (2007) Effect of plantation pattern on the efficiency of subsurface flow constructed wetland (SFCW) for sewage treatment. Afr J Agric Res 2:447–454

Snauffer AM (2007) Development of a decision support tool for on-site wastewater treatment systems in Jamaican communities. Master Thesis, Michigan Technological University, USA

Stefanakis AI, Akratos CS, Tsihrintzis VA (2011) Effect of wastewater step-feeding on removal efficiency of pilot-scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands. Ecol Eng 37:431–443CrossRef

Stefanakis A, Akratos CS, Tsihrintzis VA (2014) Vertical flow constructed wetland: eco-engineering systems for wastewater and sludge treatment. Elsevier, Amsterdam

Stein OR, Hook PB (2005) Temperature, plants, and oxygen: how does season affect constructed wetland performance? Environ Sci Health 40:1331–1342CrossRef

Steinberg SL (1996) Mass and energy exchange between the atmosphere and leaf influence gas pressurization in aquatic plants. New Phytol 134:587–599CrossRef

Strock JS (2008) Ecological processes: ammonification. In: Jorgensen SE, Fath BD (eds) Encyclopedia of ecology, 1st edn. Elsevier B.V, Oxford, pp 162–165CrossRef

Sun G, Zhao YQ, Allen SJ (2007) An Alternative arrangement of gravel media in tidal flow reed beds treating pig farm wastewater. Water Air Soil Pollut 182:13–19CrossRef

Taleno VC (2012) Comparison of two constructed wetland with different soil depth in relation to their nitrogen removal. Master Thesis, Universidad Autónoma De San Luis Potosí

Tao M, He F, Xu D et al (2010) How artificial aeration improved sewage treatment of an integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland. Polish J Environ Stud 19:183–191

Taylor JC, Harding WR, Archibald CGM (2007) A methods manual for the collection, preparation and analysis of diatom samples. Water Research Commission, Pretoria. South Africa, WRC TT 281/07.

Tee HC, Lim PE, Seng CE et al (2012) Newly developed baffled subsurface-flow constructed wetland for the enhancement of nitrogen removal. Bioresour Technol 104:235–242CrossRef

Tee HC, Lim PE, Seng CE et al (2015) Enhancement of azo dye acid orange 7 removal in newly developed horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetland. Environ Manag 147:349–355

Tiner RW (1999) Wetland indicators: a guide to wetland identification, delineation, classification, and mapping. CRC Press, Boca RatonCrossRef

Tore GY, Meric S, Lofrano G et al (2012) Removal of trace pollutants from wastewater in constructed wetlands. In: Lofrano G (ed) Emerging compounds removal from wastewater: natural and solar based treatments. Springer, Netherlands, pp 39–58CrossRef

Tuncsiper B (2009) Nitrogen removal in a combined vertical and horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetland system. Desalination 247:466–475CrossRef

Tuteja N (2007) Mechanisms of high salinity tolerance in plants. Methods Enzymol 428:419–438CrossRef

UN-HABITAT (2008) Constructed wetlands manual. UN-HABITAT, Water for Asian Cities Program, Kathmandu, Nepal

USEPA (1988) Design manual—constructed wetlands and aquatic plant systems for municipal wastewater treatment, Washington, DC, EPA/625/1-88/022

USEPA (2000) Constructed wetlands treatment of municipal wastewaters, Cincinnati, Ohio, EPA 625/R-99/010

Valipour A, Raman VK, Ghole VS (2009) A new approach in wetland systems for domestic wastewater treatment using Phragmites sp. Ecol Eng 35:1797–1803CrossRef

Valipour A, Raman VK, Motallebi P (2010) Application of shallow pond water hyacinth system for domestic wastewater treatment in the presence of high total dissolved solids (TDS) and heavy metal salts. Environ Eng Manag 9:853–860

Valipour A, Raman VK, Ghole VS (2011a) Phytoremediation of domestic wastewater using Eichhornia crassipes. J Environ Sci Eng 53(2):183–190

Valipour A, Raman VK, Ghole VS (2011b) Application of patent bio-rack wetland system using Phragmites sp., for domestic wastewater treatment in the presence of high total dissolved solids (TDS) and heavy metal salts. Environ Sci Eng 53:281–288

Valipour A, Azizi S, Raman VK et al (2014a) The comparative evaluation on the performance of two phytoremediation systems for domestic wastewater treatment. Environ Sci Eng 56:319–326

Valipour A, Hamnabard N, Woo KS et al (2014b) Performance of high-rate constructed phytoremediation process with attached growth for domestic wastewater treatment: effect of high TDS and Cu. Environ Manag 145:1–8

Valipour A, Raman VK, Ahn YH (2015) Effectiveness of domestic wastewater treatment using a bio-hedge water hyacinth wetland system. Water 7:329–347CrossRef

van der Valk AG (2012) The biology of freshwater wetlands, 2nd edn. Oxford University Press, New YorkCrossRef

Vohla C, Koiv M, Bavor HJ et al (2011) Filter materials for phosphorus removal from wastewater in treatment wetlands—a review. Ecol Eng 37:70–89CrossRef

Vymazal J (2002) The use of sub-surface constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in the Czech Republic: 10 years experience. Ecol Eng 18:633–646CrossRef

Vymazal J (2004) Removal of phosphorus in constructed wetlands with horizontal subsurface flow in the Czech Republic. Water Air Soil Pollut Focus 4:657–670CrossRef

Vymazal J (2005) Horizontal sub-surface flow and hybrid constructed wetlands systems for wastewater treatment. Ecol Eng 25:478–490CrossRef

Vymazal J (2013) The use of hybrid constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment with special attention to nitrogen removal: a review of a recent development. Water Res 47:4795–4811CrossRef

Vymazal J, Březinová T (2015) The use of constructed wetlands for removal of pesticides from agricultural runoff and drainage: a review. Environ Int 75:11–20CrossRef

Vymazal J, Kropfelova L (2011) A three-stage experimental constructed wetland for treatment of domestic sewage: first 2 years of operation. Ecol Eng 37:90–98CrossRef

Wallace S (2011) Long term hydrocarbon removal using treatment wetlands. In: Society of petroleum engineers annual technical conference and exhibition, Denver, Colorado, USA

Wallace SD, Nivala JA (2005) Thermal response of a horizontal subsurface flow wetland in a cold temperate climate. IWA specialist group on the use of macrophytes in water pollution control, Newsletter 29

Wallace S, Parkin G, Cross C (2000) Cold climate wetlands: design & performance. In: The 7th international conference on wetland systems for water pollution control, Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA, 11–16 Nov 2000

Watson JT, Reed SC, Kadlec RH et al (1989) Performance expectations and loading rates for constructed wetlands. In: Hammer DA (ed) Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment: municipal, industrial and agricultural. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 319–352

Wegner LH (2010) Oxygen transfer in waterlogged plants. In: Mancuso S, Shabala S (eds) Waterlogging signalling and tolerance in plants. Springer, New York, pp 3–22CrossRef

Wiessner A, Kuschk P, Kappelmeyer U et al (2006) Influence of helophytes on redox reactions in their rhizosphere. In: Mackova M, Dowling DN, Macek T (eds) Phytoremediation and rhizoremediation, vol 9A. Springer, The Netherlands, pp 69–82CrossRef

Willcox JD (2013) Response of Phragmites australis to black plastic treatment. Master Thesis, University of Connecticut, USA

Wu S, Austin D, Liu L et al (2011a) Performance of integrated household constructed wetland for domestic wastewater treatment in rural areas. Ecol Eng 37:948–954CrossRef

Wu S, Zhang D, Austin D et al (2011b) Evaluation of a lab-scale tidal flow constructed wetland performance: oxygen transfer capacity, organic matter and ammonium removal. Ecol Eng 37:1789–1795CrossRef

Wu H, Zhang J, Ngo HH et al (2015) A review on the sustainability of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment: design and operation. Bioresour Technol 175:594–601CrossRef

Xing A (2012) Recent developments in wetland technology for wastewater treatment. Master Thesis, Halmstad University, Sweden

Ye F, Li Y (2009) Enhancement of nitrogen removal in towery hybrid constructed wetland to treat domestic wastewater for small rural communities. Eco Eng 35:1043–1050CrossRef

Yin H, Shen W (1995) Using reed beds for winter operation of wetland treatment system for wastewater. Water Sci Technol 32:111–117CrossRef

Zhang F, Cheng P, Zhao YJ et al (2013) Performance of treating synthetic high-strength wastewater by hybrid vertical-subsurface flow constructed wetlands in response to various two-stage combinations of vertical up-flow and down-flow. Asian J Chem 25:10113–10120

Zhao YJ, Hui Z, Chao X et al (2011) Efficiency of two-stage combinations of subsurface vertical down-flow and up-flow constructed wetland systems for treating variation in influent C/N ratios of domestic wastewater. Ecol Eng 37:1546–1554CrossRef

Zou J, Guo X, Han Y et al (2012) Study of a novel vertical flow constructed wetland system with drop aeration for rural wastewater treatment. Water Air Soil Pollut 223:889–900CrossRef

Titel: A Review and Perspective of Constructed Wetlands as a Green Technology in Decentralization Practices
verfasst von: Alireza Valipour
Young-Ho Ahn
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: Green Technologies and Environmental Sustainability
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-50653-1

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-50654-8

Copyright-Jahr: 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50654-8_1

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"