Skip to main content

2019 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

4. Ageism and Age Discrimination at the Workplace—a Psychological Perspective

verfasst von : Maria Clara de Paula Couto, Klaus Rothermund

Erschienen in: Vorurteile im Arbeitsleben

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

We all have heard that the world population in industrialized countries has been—and will be—going through a stark demographic change. Specifically, such a shift in the age structure encompasses a decrease in the proportion of younger people coupled with an increased number of older adults in the population. How this resultant “aging world” affects different spheres of social and economic life has been a topic of discussion for years. The workforce and the labor force participation is one of those spheres that have been marked by changes in the age structure [28, 66, 67]. For example, younger and older adults are now working together as never before, leading organizations to work on strategies to deal with intergenerational tensions and to foster good relations between old and young co-workers. In this regard, questions arise such as what are the consequences of the increasing number of older adults for the work domain. Is it the case that older adults face more challenges in the workplace and in the job market? In this chapter, we address these topics by discussing the impacts of the shift in the age structure in the work context and the associated difficulties faced by older adults in the workplace. The topic of ageism and age discrimination in the workplace, their determinants and consequences, is specially relevant for this chapter.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Abuladze, L., & Perek- Białas, J. (2018). Measures of ageism in the labour market in international social studies. In L. Ayalon & C. Tesch-Römer (Eds.), Contemporary perspectives on ageism (pp. 461–492). Switzerland: Springer Open. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73820-8. Abuladze, L., & Perek- Białas, J. (2018). Measures of ageism in the labour market in international social studies. In L. Ayalon & C. Tesch-Römer (Eds.), Contemporary perspectives on ageism (pp. 461–492). Switzerland: Springer Open. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​978-3-319-73820-8.
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Ayalon, L. (2014). Perceived age, gender, and racial/ethnic discrimination in Europe: Results from the European social survey. Educational Gerontology, 40, 499–517.CrossRef Ayalon, L. (2014). Perceived age, gender, and racial/ethnic discrimination in Europe: Results from the European social survey. Educational Gerontology, 40, 499–517.CrossRef
6.
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Baltes, M. M., Burgess, R. L., & Stewart, R. B. (1980). Independence and dependence in self-care behaviors in nursing home residents: An operant-observational study. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 3, 489–500.CrossRef Baltes, M. M., Burgess, R. L., & Stewart, R. B. (1980). Independence and dependence in self-care behaviors in nursing home residents: An operant-observational study. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 3, 489–500.CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Baltes, M. M., & Reisenzein, R. (1986). The social world in long-term care institutions: Psychosocial control toward dependency? In M. M. Baltes & P. B. Baltes (Eds.), The psychology of control and aging (pp. 315–343). Hillsdale: Erlbaum. Baltes, M. M., & Reisenzein, R. (1986). The social world in long-term care institutions: Psychosocial control toward dependency? In M. M. Baltes & P. B. Baltes (Eds.), The psychology of control and aging (pp. 315–343). Hillsdale: Erlbaum.
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Bytheway, B. (1995). Ageism: Rethinking ageing series. Buckinghan: Open University Press. Bytheway, B. (1995). Ageism: Rethinking ageing series. Buckinghan: Open University Press.
19.
20.
Zurück zum Zitat de Paula Couto, M. C. P., & Wentura, D. (2017). Implicit ageism. In T. D. Nelson (Eds.), Ageism, stereotyping and prejudice against older persons (2nd ed., pp. 37–76). Cambridge: MIT Press. de Paula Couto, M. C. P., & Wentura, D. (2017). Implicit ageism. In T. D. Nelson (Eds.), Ageism, stereotyping and prejudice against older persons (2nd ed., pp. 37–76). Cambridge: MIT Press.
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Diekman, A., & Hirnisey, L. (2007). The effect of context on the silver ceiling: A role congruity perspective on prejudiced responses. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33, 1353–1366.CrossRef Diekman, A., & Hirnisey, L. (2007). The effect of context on the silver ceiling: A role congruity perspective on prejudiced responses. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33, 1353–1366.CrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Eagly, A. H., & Diekman, A. B. (2005). What is the problem? Prejudice as an attitude-in-context. In J. F. Dovidio, P. Glick, & L. Rudman (Eds.), On the nature of prejudice: Fifty years after Allport (pp. 19–35). Malden: Blackwell. Eagly, A. H., & Diekman, A. B. (2005). What is the problem? Prejudice as an attitude-in-context. In J. F. Dovidio, P. Glick, & L. Rudman (Eds.), On the nature of prejudice: Fifty years after Allport (pp. 19–35). Malden: Blackwell.
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Fazio, R. H., Sanbonmatsu, D. M., Powell, M. C., & Kardes, F. R. (1986). On the automatic activation of attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 229–238.CrossRef Fazio, R. H., Sanbonmatsu, D. M., Powell, M. C., & Kardes, F. R. (1986). On the automatic activation of attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 229–238.CrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Federal Statistical Office. (2016). Older people in Germany and the EU. Wiesbaden: Statistisches Bundesamt, Federal Statistical Office. Federal Statistical Office. (2016). Older people in Germany and the EU. Wiesbaden: Statistisches Bundesamt, Federal Statistical Office.
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Greenberg, J., Schimel, J., & Martens, A. (2002). Ageism: Denying the face of the future. In T. D. Nelson (Eds.), Ageism: Stereotyping and prejudice against older persons (pp. 27–48). Cambridge: MIT Press. Greenberg, J., Schimel, J., & Martens, A. (2002). Ageism: Denying the face of the future. In T. D. Nelson (Eds.), Ageism: Stereotyping and prejudice against older persons (pp. 27–48). Cambridge: MIT Press.
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M. R. (1995). Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes. Psychological Review, 102(1), 4–27.CrossRef Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M. R. (1995). Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes. Psychological Review, 102(1), 4–27.CrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Greenwald, A. G., Poehlman, T. A., Uhlmann, E. L., & Banaji, M. R. (2009). Understanding and using implicit association test: III: Meta-analysis of predictive validity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97, 17–41. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015575.CrossRef Greenwald, A. G., Poehlman, T. A., Uhlmann, E. L., & Banaji, M. R. (2009). Understanding and using implicit association test: III: Meta-analysis of predictive validity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97, 17–41. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1037/​a0015575.CrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Hassell, B., & Perrewé, P. (1993). An examination of the relationship between older workers’ perceptions of age discrimination and employee psychological states. Journal of Managerial Issues, 5(1), 109–120. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40604173. Hassell, B., & Perrewé, P. (1993). An examination of the relationship between older workers’ perceptions of age discrimination and employee psychological states. Journal of Managerial Issues, 5(1), 109–120. http://​www.​jstor.​org/​stable/​40604173.
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Hofmann, W., Gawronski, B., Gschwendner, T., Le, H., & Schmitt, M. (2005). A meta-analysis on the correlation between the implicit association test and explicit self- report measures. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 1369–1385.CrossRef Hofmann, W., Gawronski, B., Gschwendner, T., Le, H., & Schmitt, M. (2005). A meta-analysis on the correlation between the implicit association test and explicit self- report measures. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 1369–1385.CrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Horton, S., Baker, J., Pearce, G. W., & Deakin, J. M. (2008). On the malleability of performance: Implications for seniors. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 27(4), 446–65.CrossRef Horton, S., Baker, J., Pearce, G. W., & Deakin, J. M. (2008). On the malleability of performance: Implications for seniors. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 27(4), 446–65.CrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Kite, M. E., & Johnson, B. T. (1988). Attitudes toward older and younger adults: A meta-analysis. Psychology and Aging, 3, 233–244.CrossRef Kite, M. E., & Johnson, B. T. (1988). Attitudes toward older and younger adults: A meta-analysis. Psychology and Aging, 3, 233–244.CrossRef
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Kite, M. E., Stockdale, G. D., Whitley, B. E., Jr., & Johnson, B. T. (2005). Attitudes toward younger and older adults: An updated meta-analytic review. Journal of Social Issues, 61, 241–266.CrossRef Kite, M. E., Stockdale, G. D., Whitley, B. E., Jr., & Johnson, B. T. (2005). Attitudes toward younger and older adults: An updated meta-analytic review. Journal of Social Issues, 61, 241–266.CrossRef
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Kornadt, A. E., Meissner, F., & Rothermund, K. (2016). Implicit and explicit age stereotypes for specific life-domains across the life span: Distinct patterns and age group differences. Experimental Aging Research, 42, 195–211.CrossRef Kornadt, A. E., Meissner, F., & Rothermund, K. (2016). Implicit and explicit age stereotypes for specific life-domains across the life span: Distinct patterns and age group differences. Experimental Aging Research, 42, 195–211.CrossRef
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Kroon, A. C. (2015). Age for change: Tackling ageism in the workplace. The European Health Psychologist, 17(4), 179–184. Kroon, A. C. (2015). Age for change: Tackling ageism in the workplace. The European Health Psychologist, 17(4), 179–184.
55.
Zurück zum Zitat McCann, R., & Giles, H. (2002). Ageism in the workplace: A communication perspective. In T. Nelson (Eds.), Ageism—Stereotyping and prejudice against older persons (pp. 163–199). Cambridge: MIT Press. McCann, R., & Giles, H. (2002). Ageism in the workplace: A communication perspective. In T. Nelson (Eds.), Ageism—Stereotyping and prejudice against older persons (pp. 163–199). Cambridge: MIT Press.
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Meissner, F., & Rothermund, K. (2013). Estimating the contributions of associations and recoding in the Implicit Association Test and ReAL model for the IAT. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 104(1), 45–69.CrossRef Meissner, F., & Rothermund, K. (2013). Estimating the contributions of associations and recoding in the Implicit Association Test and ReAL model for the IAT. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 104(1), 45–69.CrossRef
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Montepare, J. M., & Zebrowitz, L. A. (2002). A social-developmental view of ageism. In T. Nelson (Eds.), Ageism—Stereotyping and prejudice against older persons (pp. 77–125). Cambridge: MIT Press. Montepare, J. M., & Zebrowitz, L. A. (2002). A social-developmental view of ageism. In T. Nelson (Eds.), Ageism—Stereotyping and prejudice against older persons (pp. 77–125). Cambridge: MIT Press.
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Moors, A., Spruyt, A., & De Houwer, J. (2010). In search of a measure that qualifies as implicit: Recommendations based on a decompositional view of automaticity. In B. Gawronski & K. B. Payne (Eds.), Handbook of implicit social cognition: Measurement, theory, and applications (pp. 19–37). New York: Guilford Press. Moors, A., Spruyt, A., & De Houwer, J. (2010). In search of a measure that qualifies as implicit: Recommendations based on a decompositional view of automaticity. In B. Gawronski & K. B. Payne (Eds.), Handbook of implicit social cognition: Measurement, theory, and applications (pp. 19–37). New York: Guilford Press.
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Nussbaum, J. F., Pitts, M. J., Huber, F. N., Krieger, J. R. L., & Ohs, J. E. (2005). Ageism and ageist language across the life span: Intimate relationships and non-intimate interactions. Journal of Social Issues, 61, 287–305.CrossRef Nussbaum, J. F., Pitts, M. J., Huber, F. N., Krieger, J. R. L., & Ohs, J. E. (2005). Ageism and ageist language across the life span: Intimate relationships and non-intimate interactions. Journal of Social Issues, 61, 287–305.CrossRef
66.
Zurück zum Zitat OECD. (1998). Work force ageing: Consequences and policy responses. Ageing Working Paper, AWP4.1. Paris. OECD. (1998). Work force ageing: Consequences and policy responses. Ageing Working Paper, AWP4.1. Paris.
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Palmore, E. (1999). Ageism: Positive and negative (2nd ed.). New York: Springer. Palmore, E. (1999). Ageism: Positive and negative (2nd ed.). New York: Springer.
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Pasupathi, M., & Löckenhoff, C. E. (2002). Ageist behavior. In T. D. Nelson (Eds.), Ageism: Stereotyping and prejudice against older persons (pp. 201–246). Cambridge: MIT Press. Pasupathi, M., & Löckenhoff, C. E. (2002). Ageist behavior. In T. D. Nelson (Eds.), Ageism: Stereotyping and prejudice against older persons (pp. 201–246). Cambridge: MIT Press.
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Posthuma, R. A., & Campion, M. A. (2009). Age stereotypes in the workplace: Common stereotypes, moderators, and future research directions. Journal of Management, 35, 158–188.CrossRef Posthuma, R. A., & Campion, M. A. (2009). Age stereotypes in the workplace: Common stereotypes, moderators, and future research directions. Journal of Management, 35, 158–188.CrossRef
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Posthuma, R. A., Wagstaff, M. F., & Campion, M. A. (2012). Age stereotypes and workplace age discrimination: A framework for future research. In W. C. Borman & J. W. Hedge (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Work and Aging (pp. 298–312). New York: Oxford University Press. Posthuma, R. A., Wagstaff, M. F., & Campion, M. A. (2012). Age stereotypes and workplace age discrimination: A framework for future research. In W. C. Borman & J. W. Hedge (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Work and Aging (pp. 298–312). New York: Oxford University Press.
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Rothermund, K., Teige-Mocigemba, S., Gast, A., & Wentura, D. (2009). Eliminating the influence of recoding in the implicit association test: The recoding-free implicit association test (IAT-RF). Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 62(1), 84–98.CrossRef Rothermund, K., Teige-Mocigemba, S., Gast, A., & Wentura, D. (2009). Eliminating the influence of recoding in the implicit association test: The recoding-free implicit association test (IAT-RF). Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 62(1), 84–98.CrossRef
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Rothermund, K., & Wentura, D. (2007). Altersnormen und Altersstereotype. In J. Brandtstädter & U. Lindenberger (Eds.), Entwicklung über die Lebensspanne—Ein Lehrbuch (pp. 540–68). Stuttgart: Kohlhammer. Rothermund, K., & Wentura, D. (2007). Altersnormen und Altersstereotype. In J. Brandtstädter & U. Lindenberger (Eds.), Entwicklung über die Lebensspanne—Ein Lehrbuch (pp. 540–68). Stuttgart: Kohlhammer.
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Schaie, K. W. (1993). Ageist language in psychological research. American Psychologist, 48, 49–51.CrossRef Schaie, K. W. (1993). Ageist language in psychological research. American Psychologist, 48, 49–51.CrossRef
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Steele, C. M., Spencer, S. J., & Aronson, J. (2002). Contending with group image: The psychology of stereotype and social identity threat. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 34, pp. 379–440). San Diego: Academic. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(02)80009-0. Steele, C. M., Spencer, S. J., & Aronson, J. (2002). Contending with group image: The psychology of stereotype and social identity threat. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 34, pp. 379–440). San Diego: Academic. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​S0065-2601(02)80009-0.
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Stypińska, J., & Nikander, P. (2018). Ageism and age discrimination in the labour market: A macrostructural perspective. In L. Ayalon & C. Tesch-Römer (Eds.), Contemporary perspectives on ageism (pp. 91–108). Switzerland: Springer Open. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73820-8. Stypińska, J., & Nikander, P. (2018). Ageism and age discrimination in the labour market: A macrostructural perspective. In L. Ayalon & C. Tesch-Römer (Eds.), Contemporary perspectives on ageism (pp. 91–108). Switzerland: Springer Open. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​978-3-319-73820-8.
85.
Zurück zum Zitat Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In S. Worchel & W. Austin (Eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 7–24). Chicago: Nelson-Hall. Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In S. Worchel & W. Austin (Eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 7–24). Chicago: Nelson-Hall.
88.
Zurück zum Zitat Voss, P., Bodner, E., & Rothermund, K. (2018). Ageism: The relationship between age stereotypes and age discrimination. In L. Ayalon & C. Tesch-Römer (Eds.), Contemporary perspectives on ageism (pp. 11–31). Berlin: Springer.CrossRef Voss, P., Bodner, E., & Rothermund, K. (2018). Ageism: The relationship between age stereotypes and age discrimination. In L. Ayalon & C. Tesch-Römer (Eds.), Contemporary perspectives on ageism (pp. 11–31). Berlin: Springer.CrossRef
89.
Zurück zum Zitat Voss, P., & Rothermund, K. (2018). Altersdiskriminierung in institutionellen Kontexten. In B. Kracke & P. Noack (Eds.), Handbuch Entwicklungs- und Erziehungspsychologie (pp. 509–538). Heidelberg: Springer. Voss, P., & Rothermund, K. (2018). Altersdiskriminierung in institutionellen Kontexten. In B. Kracke & P. Noack (Eds.), Handbuch Entwicklungs- und Erziehungspsychologie (pp. 509–538). Heidelberg: Springer.
91.
Zurück zum Zitat Wilkinson, J. A., & Ferraro, K. F. (2002). Thirty years of ageism research. In T. D. Nelson (Eds.), Ageism: Stereotyping and prejudice against older persons (pp. 339–358). Cambridge: MIT Press. Wilkinson, J. A., & Ferraro, K. F. (2002). Thirty years of ageism research. In T. D. Nelson (Eds.), Ageism: Stereotyping and prejudice against older persons (pp. 339–358). Cambridge: MIT Press.
93.
Zurück zum Zitat Zebrowitz, L. A., Franklin, R. G., Jr., Boshyan, J., Luevano, V., Agrigoroaei, S., Milosavljevic, B., & Lachman, M. E. (2014). Older and younger adults’ accuracy in discerning health and competence in older and younger faces. Psychology and Aging, 29, 454–468. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036255.CrossRef Zebrowitz, L. A., Franklin, R. G., Jr., Boshyan, J., Luevano, V., Agrigoroaei, S., Milosavljevic, B., & Lachman, M. E. (2014). Older and younger adults’ accuracy in discerning health and competence in older and younger faces. Psychology and Aging, 29, 454–468. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1037/​a0036255.CrossRef
94.
Zurück zum Zitat Rothermund, K., & Mayer, A.-K. (2009). Altersdiskriminierung – Erscheinungsformen, Erklärungen und Interventionsansätze. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer. Rothermund, K., & Mayer, A.-K. (2009). Altersdiskriminierung – Erscheinungsformen, Erklärungen und Interventionsansätze. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer.
99.
Zurück zum Zitat Golub, S. A., Filipowicz, A., & Langer, E. J. (2002). Acting your age. In T. D. Nelson (Eds.), Ageism: Stereotyping and prejudice against older persons (pp. 277–294). Cambridge: MIT Press. Golub, S. A., Filipowicz, A., & Langer, E. J. (2002). Acting your age. In T. D. Nelson (Eds.), Ageism: Stereotyping and prejudice against older persons (pp. 277–294). Cambridge: MIT Press.
100.
Zurück zum Zitat Kistler, E., & Mendius, H. G. (2002). Demographic change in the world of work—Opportunities for an innovative approach to work—A German point of view. Stuttgart: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung. Kistler, E., & Mendius, H. G. (2002). Demographic change in the world of work—Opportunities for an innovative approach to work—A German point of view. Stuttgart: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung.
102.
103.
Metadaten
Titel
Ageism and Age Discrimination at the Workplace—a Psychological Perspective
verfasst von
Maria Clara de Paula Couto
Klaus Rothermund
Copyright-Jahr
2019
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-59232-8_4

Premium Partner