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2009 | Buch

Aid for Trade and Development Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Aid for Trade: Global and Regional Perspectives

2007 World Report on Regional Integration

herausgegeben von: Philippe De Lombaerde, Lakshmi Puri

Verlag: Springer Netherlands

Buchreihe : United Nations University Series on Regionalism

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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Über dieses Buch

Aid for Trade (AfT) has become a major item on the international trade and development discourse. This is to a large extent in response to concerns expressed by developing countries and economies in transition with regard to their capacities to implement trade agreements, especially WTO agreements, and undertake necessary adjustments to increase net development gains from emerging trade opportunities.

In this World Report, major UN agencies active in development cooperation and longstanding providers of trade-related technical assistance and capacity building discuss ways to sustain the momentum towards the operationalization and implementation of the AfT initiative and the supportive role to be played by the UN system. This is consistent with UN's role in promoting development and helping to achieve poverty reduction, as committed in the Millennium Declaration and the 2005 World Summit Outcome.

The Report should be of particular interest to government officials, officials of regional organizations, representatives of the private sector dealing with trade agreements and negotiations, civil society and academia.

Supachai Panitchpakdi, Secretary-General of UNCTAD

Lakshmi Puri is Acting Deputy Secretary-General and Director of the Division on International Trade and Services, and Commodities at UNCTAD in Geneva.

Philippe De Lombaerde is Associate Director of United Nations University (UNU-CRIS) in Bruges.

In collaboration with: UNCTAD, ECA, ECLAC, ESCAP, ESCWA, UNECE, UNIDO, UNDP, UNEP

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Aid for Trade: Global Perspectives

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Aid for Trade and Development
For several decades ‘trade, not aid’ was a prevalent dictum. In the mid-1960s, when the founding father and first Secretary-General of UNCTAD, Raul Prebisch (1964) coined the ‘trade gap’ concept, it became apparent that official development assistance (ODA) would be insufficient to provide the necessary foreign exchange resources that developing countries would need to import the capital goods that are so crucial for enhancing productive capacity, trading and moving up the development ladder into more value-added and higher-paying economic activities. The ‘trade, not aid’ philosophy was also justified by a number of imperfections of aid and aid policies.
UNCTAD
Chapter 2. Perspectives on Aid for Trade
Aid for Trade (AfT) did not feature in the WTO Doha Ministerial Declaration in 2001 that launched the Doha Development Agenda, now often referred to as the Doha Round. It therefore falls outside the negotiating mandate that was agreed at Doha. However, as the negotiations progressed, it became clear that a major effort was required to provide assistance not only to build trade capacity to help poor countries take advantage of improved market access from a more developmentally-oriented Doha Round agreement but also to address supply side constraints and adjustment costs. To this extent it was understood from the start that AfT is a complement and not a substitute for new, fairer, trade rules.
David Luke, Luca Monge-Roffarello, Sabrina Varma
Chapter 3. Aid for Trade, Aid Effectiveness and Regional Absorption Capacity
The aim of this chapter is to place the Aid for Trade (AfT) discussion in the broader context of the current debate on international aid flows. At the same time, we want to highlight the growing importance of the regional level in the whole discussion on aid, as clearly illustrated by the case of AfT where aid flows are explicitly linked to region-to-region trade negotiations, requiring regional donor coordination, on the one hand, and regional absorption capacity, on the other.
Philippe De Lombaerde, George Mavrotas
Chapter 4. What Does The European Experience Tell Us On Aid For Trade?
Since the launch of the aid-for-trade (AfT) initiative at the World Trade Organization (WTO) Ministerial Conference in Hong Kong in December 2005, the debate on the developing countries need for support to benefit from trade(-related) reforms and liberalisation has attracted much attention and generated several new policy initiatives. Yet, development assistance for trade matters is nothing new.1 Experience by multilateral agencies, as well as regional and bilateral donors can prove most useful in better understanding what has worked and what has been less effective.2 In this regard, the experience of the European Union (EU), as the largest donor in the world and a main provider of aid for trade, is of great interest.
Sanoussi Bilal, Francesco Rampa
Chapter 5. Aid for Trade for Sustainable Development
This chapter presents a constructively provocative set of ideas on how the concept of ‘Aid for Trade’ (AfT) can be understood within the larger context of sustainable development. It is suggested that not only can AfT contribute to the pursuit of sustainable development but that sustainable development, which is now the stated goal of international environmental and World Trade Organisation (WTO) policies, should be amongst the meta-goals around which AfT initiatives and investments are structured.
UNEP
Chapter 6. Aid for Trade: Supporting the Use of Standards
The goal of the Aid for Trade (AfT) initiative is to nurture productive capabilities so that the opportunities of a more liberal trading system can be fully exploited by all countries. This chapter focuses on aid specifically geared towards standards, as one key component of the AfT envelope. It takes a broad look at technical assistance and capacity-building in the area of standards, encompassing assistance by different actors, and for a wide spectrum of related objectives. The term “standards” will be used to refer to technical regulations that are developed for reasons of health, safety and environmental protection (among other goals), as well as voluntary and private standards that are designed to promote the smooth functioning of supply chains.
Lorenza Jachia
Chapter 7. Building Productive Capacities for Trade Competitiveness: Economic Partnership Agreements (Epas ) and Unido’s Response
This chapter was initially prepared for the High-level Panel “Building productive capacities for trade competitiveness: Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs)”, which took place on 5 December 2007 during the 12th Session of the UNIDO General Conference. It intends to provide extensive background information and discussion material on the EU-ACP Economic Partnership Agreements.
UNCTAD

Aid for Trade: Regional Perspectives

Frontmatter
Chapter 8. Aid for Trade and Public-Private Partnerships in the Asian And Pacific Region
Aid for trade has attracted increased attention particularly since the Ministerial Declaration of the Sixth WTO Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organisation1 made explicit reference to the need for aid so that countries could increase their capacity to implement WTO agreements, as well as build their supply-side responses in order to facilitate trade and benefit from enhanced market access. This chapter sheds light on the background and rationale for AfT, making particular reference to the Asian and Pacific region (section 8.2). In particular, the paper highlights the fact that AfT is a multi-stakeholder and multi-actor initiative in which Governments and the private sector have roles to play. For that purpose, the paper explores various modalities for AfT by Governments and business, and in particular public-private partnerships (section 8.3). Related to this, the paper reviews public-private partnerships in trade facilitation initiatives in the region, including the possible convening of the Asia-Pacific Forum for Efficient Trade by the end of 2007. Section 8.4 discusses the role of ESCAP and other United Nations agencies in AfT.
Marc Proksch, Noordin Azhari
Chapter 9. Promoting Aid For Trade In Western Asia
Aid for Trade (AfT) has gained considerable importance and has become a major item on the international trade agenda and development discourse. This is to a large extent in response to concerns expressed by developing countries and economies in transition with regard to their capacities to implement WTO Agreements and undertake necessary adjustments to increase net development gains from trade liberalization and emerging trade opportunities. The AfT initiative gained in relevance during the course of the Doha round of multilateral trade negotiations as developing countries faced increased adjustment and competitiveness challenges and difficulties in implementing existing and future World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreements, as well as an inherent lack of supply capacity and trade-related infrastructure deficits and deficiencies.
ESCWA
Chapter 10. Building Africa’s Supply Capacities And Competitiveness Through Aid For Trade
This chapter discusses the Aid for Trade (AfT) initiative and its location in dealing with Africa’s trade challenges1. The AfT is evolving towards being a core area within the broad development finance architecture. Essentially, the AfT idea as will be seen in this chapter borders on ring-fenced resources targeted to helping developing countries integration into the global trading system. This paper starts with a discussion of the trade challenges that Africa faces, both internally and externally. These challenges require a response such as that envisaged in the AfT as can be seen from its rationale and its scope which are discussed in this chapter.
UNECA
Chapter 11. Aid For Trade: Strengthening Latin American And Caribbean International Linkages And Regional Cooperation
The “development dimension” of the Doha Round has meant a clear shift away from the view that trade liberalisation on its own would provide significant benefits for all developing countries(best expressed in the catchphrase “trade not aid”), towards a more development-minded approach based on the idea that: (i) many countries need additional, complementary reforms and investments that can be financed by aid (aid for trade) if they are to fully exploit trade opportunities; and (ii) certain types of liberalisation may have significant short-term costs for some countries. The rationale for Aid for Trade is therefore that, while trade is considered crucial to their development, these countries continue to face serious challenges in infrastructure and supply-side constraints that are preventing them from taking full advantage of trade liberalisation.
ECLAC
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Aid for Trade: Global and Regional Perspectives
herausgegeben von
Philippe De Lombaerde
Lakshmi Puri
Copyright-Jahr
2009
Verlag
Springer Netherlands
Electronic ISBN
978-1-4020-9455-2
Print ISBN
978-1-4020-9454-5
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9455-2

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