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Erschienen in:
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2013 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

16. Analysing the Competitive Advantage of Cities in the Dutch Randstad by Urban Market Overlap

verfasst von : Martijn J. Burger, Frank G. van Oort, Ronald S. Wall, Mark J. P. M. Thissen

Erschienen in: Metropolitan Regions

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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Abstract

In the modern economy, cities are assumed to be in fierce competition. In contrast with this, regional and national Dutch policymakers advocate the Randstad region as a single urban region in which economic complementarities are supposed to be numerous. Using insights from urban systems theory and urban ecology, we introduce an indicator to estimate the degree of revealed competition between cities based on patterns of inter-firm relations between these cities. Results indicate that urban competition is more the rule than the much-anticipated urban complementarities, as urban functional influences of the Randstad cities spatially overlap.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Polycentric Urban Trajectories and Urban Cultural Economy
Nächstes Kapitel Capitalising on Institutional Diversity and Complementary Resources in Cross-Border Metropolitan Regions: The Case of Electronics Firms in Hong Kong and the Pearl River Delta
Fußnoten
1
Cities compete over firms and households simultaneously, as often the employment-population interdependency is large and circular in cities (Carlino and Mills 1987). For the Dutch Randstad, recent studies show that “people follow jobs more than the other way around”, but that this causality is scale, sector, regional and time dependent (De Graaff et al. 2010). Not surprisingly, especially non-basic jobs follow people in the Randstad region, and controlled for that the causality is not that clear. In this paper we focus on basic industries, and hence are little served by this earlier literature on employment-population dynamics.
 
2
By contrast, economists usually define competition as a market or industry property.
 
3
Although we only focus on economic competition between cities, the proposed indicator in this chapter is not particularly limited to competition between cities and can without any difficulties be applied to other dimensions of urban competition and other forms of territorial competition, such as competition between regions.
 
4
In other words, one can speak here of non-perfect aggregation across spatial scales.
 
5
An overview of the history of the niche concept in the ecological and social sciences can be found in Popielarz and Neal (2007).
 
6
See McCune and Grace (2002) for an overview of all basic measures of niche overlap.
 
7
For this reason, we do not use the also recommended Bray-Curtis or Kulczynski coefficient to measure ecological distance. However, from a mathematical point of view, both the Bray-Curtis and the Kulczynski coefficient equal the Relative Manhattan distance when standardized to equal totals (see Faith et al. 1987).
 
8
The survey focused on the ten most important selling and purchasing relations of firms. These can be with firms within or outside the own municipality. This restriction to ten relations leads to a potential bias in the network structure of large firms, but large firms are not over represented in cities in the Randstad (Van Oort et al. 2010). The 1676 establishments (8 %) that filled out the survey are representative in terms of the stratification by region and firm size. We are not able to differentiate results to various sectors.
 
9
These are the cities with more than 40,000 inhabitants in the Dutch Randstad in 2006: Almere, Amstelveen, Amsterdam, Capelle aan den IJssel, Delft, Den Haag, Diemen, Haarlem, Haarlemmermeer (Schiphol), Leiden, Leidschendam-Voorburg, Nieuwegein, Ridderkerk, Rotterdam, Schiedam, Spijkenisse, Utrecht, Vlaardingen, Westland, Woerden, Zaanstad, Zeist en Zoetermeer.
 
10
The graphical representation was made using the UCINET software (Borgatti et al. 2002). This representation is not completely comparable to the geographical maps presented in Figs. 16.2 and 16.3, as the best UCINET network visualisation does not stick to geographical location.
 
11
For an overview of arguments in favor and against competitiveness of cities, see the papers collected in Boston and Ross (2002).
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Analysing the Competitive Advantage of Cities in the Dutch Randstad by Urban Market Overlap
verfasst von
Martijn J. Burger
Frank G. van Oort
Ronald S. Wall
Mark J. P. M. Thissen
Copyright-Jahr
2013
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Buch
Metropolitan Regions

Print ISBN: 978-3-642-32140-5

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-642-32141-2

Copyright-Jahr: 2013

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32141-2_16