nach oben

Energy Efficiency

Erschienen in:

07.09.2018 | Original Article

Analysis of the Belgian electricity mix used in environmental life cycle assessment studies: how reliable is the ecoinvent 3.1 mix?

verfasst von: Matthias Buyle, Joke Anthonissen, Wim Van den Bergh, Johan Braet, Amaryllis Audenaert

Erschienen in: Energy Efficiency | Ausgabe 5/2019

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

The current contribution gives insight into the Belgian low-voltage electricity mix, used in environmental life cycle assessment studies and modelled following the attributional and consequential approach. Is the electricity mix for Belgium, as available in the life cycle inventory database ecoinvent 3.1, representative for the current electricity mix and the future developments? Studies on this research topic are missing in the literature, especially for this particular geographical and time frame. In this study, data from the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity and the Federal Planning Bureau have been used to model the historical and future Belgian low-voltage electricity mix. The environmental impact is analysed for different scenarios: attributional and consequential modelling, historic and outlook data, the domestic electricity mix and the extended mix with import from other countries. The life cycle inventory database ecoinvent 3.1 and the life cycle impact assessment method ReCiPe version 1.12 are used. It was found that the historical attributional mixes are well represented by the ecoinvent 3.1 mix. All other scenario mixes significantly differ from the mixes in ecoinvent 3.1.

Vorheriger Artikel Real-time pricing in environments with shared energy storage systems

Nächster Artikel Energy sufficiency policy for residential electricity use and per-capita dwelling size

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

The slope and increment can be computed for a time series or for two data points only. This way, the equation is applicable for both the historical and outlook scenarios.

Athena Institute. (2006). A life cycle perspective on concrete and asphalt roadways: Embodied primary energy and global warming potential.

Bauer, C. (2013). Electricity markets in different system models of the ecoinvent v3 database. Villigen.

Braet, J. (2011). The environmental impact of container pipeline transport compared to road transport. Case study in the Antwerp Harbor region and some general extrapolations. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 16(9), 886–896. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-011-0326-2.CrossRef

Buyle, M. (2018). Towards a structured consequential modelling approach for the construction sector: The Belgian case. A fairy tale on methodological choices in LCA. University of Antwerp.

Buyle, M., Audenaert, A., Braet, J., & Debacker, W. (2015). Towards a more sustainable building stock: Optimizing a Flemish dwelling using a life cycle approach. Buildings, 5(2), 424–448. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings5020424.CrossRef

Buyle, M., Braet, J., & Audenaert, A. (2013). Life cycle assessment in the construction sector: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 26, 379–388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.05.001.CrossRef

Buyle, M., Pizzol, M., & Audenaert, A. (2017). Identifying marginal suppliers of construction materials: Consistent modeling and sensitivity analysis on a Belgian case. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 1–17. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-017-1389-5.

Capros, P., De Vita, A., Tasios, N., Siskos, P., Kannavou, M., Papadopoulos, D., et al. (2013). EU energy, transport and GHG emissions: Trends to 2050, reference scenario 2013. Luxembourg. doi:https://doi.org/10.2833/17897.

Cole, R., & Kernan, P. C. (1996). Life-cycle energy use in office buildings. Building and Environment, 31(4), 307–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-1323(96)00017-0.CrossRef

Curran, M., Mann, M., & Norris, G. (2005). The international workshop on electricity data for life cycle inventories. Journal of Cleaner Production, 13(8), 853–862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2002.03.001.CrossRef

Data Expert Group ENTSO-E. (2015). Guidelines for monthly statistics data collection. Brussels.

Ekvall, T., & Weidema, B. P. B. (2004). System boundaries and input data in consequential life cycle inventory analysis. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 9(3), 161–171. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02994190.CrossRef

Elia Web Page. (n.d.).

ENTSO-E. (n.d.-a). Country data package.

ENTSO-E. (n.d.-b). Transparency Platform.

European Commision. (2014). A policy framework for climate and energy in the period from 2020 up to 2030. Communication (COM(2014) 15 final), impact assessment (SWD(2014) 15), energy economic developments in Europe (European economy 1/2014). Brussels.

European Commission. (2010). Europe 2020: A strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth. COM(2010) 2020 final. Brussels. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s13398-014-0173-7.2.

Federal Planning Bureau. (2014). Het Belgische energiesysteem in 2050: Waar naartoe? - Beschrijving van een Referentiescenario voor België [The Belgian energy system in 2050: where to go? - Description of a reference scenario for Belgium]. Brussels.

Federal Planning Bureau. (2015). 2030 climate and energy framework for Belgium: Impact assessment of a selection of policy scenarios up to 2050. Brussels.

Garcia-Gusano, D., Garrain, D., & Dufour, J. (2017). Prospective life cycle assessment of the Spanish electricity production. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 75, 21–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.10.045.CrossRef

Gerilla, G., Teknomo, K., & Hokao, K. (2007). An environmental assessment of wood and steel reinforced concrete housing construction. Building and Environment, 42(7), 2778–2784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.07.021.CrossRef

Gibon, T., Arvesen, A., & Hertwich, E. G. (2017). Life cycle assessment demonstrates environmental co-benefits and trade-offs of low-carbon electricity supply options. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 76, 1283–1290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.03.078.CrossRef

Goedkoop, M., Heijungs, R., Huijbregts, M., De Schryver, A., Struijs, J., & van Zelm, R. (2013). ReCiPe 2008 - report I: Characterisation. The Hague, The Netherlands.

IEA. (2014). Energy Policies of IEA Countries. Luxembourg 2014 Review. Paris, France. http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/Luxembourg2014.pdf

Itten, R., Frischknecht, R., Stucki, M., Scherrer, P., & Psi, I. (2012). Life cycle inventories of electricity mixes and grid, (June), 1–229.

Kicak, K., & Ménard, J.-F. (2009). Comparative life-cycle assessment of cement concrete pavement and asphalt pavement for the purposes of integrating energy and environmental parameters into the selection of pavement types. Québec.

Kuppens, M., Umans, L., Adriaens, A., De Greeff, L., Werquin, W., & Vangilbergen, B. (2013). Tarieven en capaciteiten voor storten en verbranden - Actualisatie tot 2012 [tariffs and capacities of landfill and wast incineration - update until 2012]. Journal of chemical information and modeling. Mechelen, Belgium. http://www.ovam.be/sites/default/files/FILE 138054246784520130930_Tarieven_Capaciteiten2012.Pdf.

Lund, H., Mathiesen, B. V., Christensen, P., & Schmidt, J. H. (2010a). Energy system analysis of marginal electricity supply in consequential LCA. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 15(3), 260–271. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-010-0164-7.CrossRef

Lund, H., Mathiesen, B. V., Christensen, P., & Schmidt, J. H. (2010b). Energy system analysis of marginal electricity supply in consequential LCA. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 15(3), 260–271. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-010-0164-7.CrossRef

Martínez-Rocamora, A., Solís-Guzmán, J., & Marrero, M. (2016). LCA databases focused on construction materials: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 58, 565–573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.243.CrossRef

Masanet, E., Chang, Y., Gopal, A. R., Larsen, P., Iii, W. R. M., Sathre, R., et al. (2013). Life-cycle assessment of electric power systems. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 38, 107–136. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-010710-100408.CrossRef

Mathiesen, B. V., Münster, M., & Fruergaard, T. (2009). Uncertainties related to the identification of the marginal energy technology in consequential life cycle assessments. Journal of Cleaner Production, 17(15), 1331–1338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2009.04.009.CrossRef

Messagie, M., Mertens, J., Oliveira, L., Rangaraju, S., Sanfelix, J., Coosemans, T., van Mierlo, J., & Macharis, C. (2014). The hourly life cycle carbon footprint of electricity generation in Belgium, bringing a temporal resolution in life cycle assessment. Applied Energy, 134, 469–476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.08.071.CrossRef

Mithraratne, N., & Vale, B. (2004). Life cycle analysis model for New Zealand houses. Building and Environment, 39, 483–492.CrossRef

National Renewable Energy Laboratory. (2013). Life cycle assessment harmonization methodology. http://www.nrel.gov/analysis/sustain_lca_method.html. Accessed 11 May 2016.

PRé. (2013). SimaPro Database Manual - Methods Library.

Rangaraju, S., De Vroey, L., Messagie, M., Mertens, J., & Van Mierlo, J. (2015). Impacts of electricity mix, charging profile, and driving behavior on the emissions performance of battery electric vehicles: A Belgian case study. Applied Energy, 148, 496–505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.01.121.CrossRef

Roux, C., Schalbart, P., & Peuportier, B. (2017). Development of an electricity system model allowing dynamic and marginal approaches in LCA—Tested in the French context of space heating in buildings. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 22(8), 1177–1190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-016-1229-z.CrossRef

Schmidt, J. H., & Thrane, M. (2009). Life cycle assessment of aluminium production in new Alcoa smelter in Greenland. Denmark: Aalborg. http://lca-net.com/publications/show/life-cycle-assessment-aluminium-production-new-alcoa-smelter-greenland/.

Sleeswijk, A. W., van Oers, L. F. C. M., Guinée, J. B., Struijs, J., & Huijbregts, M. A. J. (2008). Normalisation in product life cycle assessment: An LCA of the global and European economic systems in the year 2000. Science of the Total Environment, 390(1), 227–240.CrossRef

Soimakallio, S., Kiviluoma, J., & Saikku, L. (2011). The complexity and challenges of determining GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions from grid electricity consumption and conservation in LCA (life cycle assessment) - a methodological review. Energy, 36(12), 6705–6713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2011.10.028.CrossRef

Treyer, K., & Bauer, C. (2014). Life cycle inventories of electricity generation and power supply in version 3 of the ecoinvent database—Part II: Electricity markets. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment., 21, 1255–1268. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-013-0694-x.CrossRef

Weidema, B. P. (2003). Environmental project no. 863. Market information in life cycle assessment. Environmental Project No. 863. Copenhagen, Denmark. http://www2.mst.dk/Udgiv/publications/2003/87-7972-991-6/pdf/87-7972-992-4.pdf [accessed 21–8-2017].

Weidema, B. P., Bauer, C., Hischier, R., Mutel, C., Nemecek, T., Reinhard, J., et al. (2013). Overview and methodology. Data quality guideline for the ecoinvent database version 3. Swiss Center For Life Cycle Inventories (Vol. ecoinvent). St. Gallen, Switserland.

Weidema, B. P., Frees, N., & Nielsen, A.-M. (1999). Marginal production technologies for life cycle inventories. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 4(1), 48–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02979395.CrossRef

Wernet, G., Bauer, C., Steubing, B., Reinhard, J., Moreno-Ruiz, E., & Weidema, B. (2016). The ecoinvent database version 3 (part I): Overview and methodology. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 21(9), 1218–1230. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-016-1087-8.CrossRef

Titel: Analysis of the Belgian electricity mix used in environmental life cycle assessment studies: how reliable is the ecoinvent 3.1 mix?
verfasst von: Matthias Buyle
Joke Anthonissen
Wim Van den Bergh
Johan Braet
Amaryllis Audenaert
Publikationsdatum: 07.09.2018
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in: Energy Efficiency / Ausgabe 5/2019
Print ISSN: 1570-646X
Elektronische ISSN: 1570-6478
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-018-9724-7

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 5/2019

How do data centers make energy efficiency investment decisions? Qualitative evidence from focus groups and interviews

Market-based instruments for energy efficiency: a global review

Employee energy benefits: what are they and what effects do they have on employees?

A simple approach to estimate ambient temperature bin data

Improving energy use in schools: from IEQ towards energy-efficient planning—method and in-field application to two case studies

Applying ex post index decomposition analysis to final energy consumption for evaluating European energy efficiency policies and targets