nach oben

Erschienen in:

2021 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

2. Application of Laser-Induced Fluorescence Technique in Internal Combustion Engine Investigations

verfasst von : Tushar Kakkar, Ashutosh Jena, Avinash Kumar Agarwal

Erschienen in: Novel Internal Combustion Engine Technologies for Performance Improvement and Emission Reduction

Verlag: Springer Singapore

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

Laser diagnostic techniques have evolved as a pioneering tool for understanding the combustion and fluid dynamics in internal combustion (IC) engines. These are non-intrusive techniques, which provide fundamental insights about the in-cylinder processes such as spray characteristics, fuel-air mixing, combustion, pollutant formation, etc. without affecting/altering the underlying physics. This chapter is based on one such laser diagnostic technique namely ‘laser-induced fluorescence (LIF)’, which is capable of imaging the temperature-field and in situ species concentration during combustion. This chapter discusses a brief overview of optical diagnostics techniques, fundamentals of LIF, design, and development, current status and future trends for the application of this technology in IC engine research. This chapter also includes a comprehensive literature review of the applications of LIF in combustion investigations with a special emphasis on IC engines. Several examples and case studies have also been included in this chapter for a better understanding.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Vorheriges Kapitel Introduction to Novel Internal Combustion Engine Technologies for Performance Improvement and Emission Reduction

Nächstes Kapitel Challenges and Opportunities of Particle Imaging Velocimetry as a Tool for Internal Combustion Engine Diagnostics

Banko AJ, Benson MJ, Gunady IE, Elkins CJ, Eaton JK (2020) An improved three-dimensional concentration measurement technique using magnetic resonance imaging. Exp Fluids 61(2):53CrossRef

Bardi M, Di Lella A, Bruneaux G (2019) A novel approach for quantitative measurements of preferential evaporation of fuel by means of two-tracer laser induced fluorescence. Fuel 239:521–533CrossRef

Bessler WG, Schulz C, Hartmann M, Schenk M (2001). Quantitative in-cylinder NO-LIF imaging in a direct-injected gasoline engine with exhaust gas recirculation. SAE Trans pp 1837–1846

Bessler WG, Schulz C, Shin DI, Lee T, Jeffries JB, Hanson RK (2002) Strategies for NO laser-induced fluorescence in methane/air flames at pressures between 1 and 60 bar. In: Laser applications to chemical and environmental analysis, p FB4. Optical Society of America

Brackmann C, Nygren J, Bai X, Li Z, Bladh H, Axelsson B, Denbratt I, Koopmans L, Bengtsson PE, Aldén M (2003) Laser-induced fluorescence of formaldehyde in combustion using third harmonic Nd: YAG laser excitation. Spect Acta Part A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 59(14):3347–3356CrossRef

Burkert A, Triebel W, Stafast H, König J (2002) Single-shot imaging of gas temperatures in low-temperature combustion based on laser-induced fluorescence of formaldehyde. Proc Combust Inst 29(2):2645–2651CrossRef

Burkert A, Paa W, Reimert M, Klinkov K, Eigenbrod C (2013) Formaldehyde LIF detection with background subtraction around single igniting GTL diesel droplets. Fuel 111:384–392CrossRef

Chen B, Feng L, Wang Y, Ma T, Liu H, Geng C, Yao M (2019) Spray and flame characteristics of wall-impinging diesel fuel spray at different wall temperatures and ambient pressures in a constant volume combustion vessel. Fuel 235:416–425CrossRef

Cheong J, Wigger S, Füßer HJ, Kaiser SA (2020) High-resolution LIF-Imaging of the oil film thickness in the piston-ring/cylinder-liner contact in an optical tribometer. Tribol Int 106230

Cordier M, Itani L, Bruneaux G (2020) Quantitative measurements of preferential evaporation effects of multi-component gasoline fuel sprays at ECN Spray G conditions. Int J Engine Res 21(1):185–198CrossRef

Deschamps BM, Smallwood GJ, Prieur J, Snelling DR, Gülder ÖL (1996) Surface density measurements of turbulent premixed flames in a spark-ignition engine and a Bunsen-type burner using planar laser-induced fluorescence. In: Symposium (international) on combustion, vol 26, no 1, pp 427–435. Elsevier

Donkerbroek AJ, Van Vliet AP, Somers LMT, Frijters PJM, Klein-Douwel RJH, Dam NJ, Meerts WL, ter Meulen JJ (2010) Time-and space-resolved quantitative LIF measurements of formaldehyde in a heavy-duty diesel engine. Combust Flame 157(1):155–166CrossRef

Fujikawa T, Fukui K, Hattori Y, Akihama K (2006) 2-D temperature measurements of unburned gas mixture in an engine by two-line excitation LIF technique. SAE technical paper 2006-01-3336

Gamba M, Miller VA, Mungal MG, Hanson RK (2015) Temperature and number density measurement in non-uniform supersonic flow fields undergoing mixing using toluene PLIF thermometry. Appl Phys B 120(2):285–304CrossRef

Gessenhardt C, Schulz C, Kaiser SA (2015) Endoscopic temperature imaging in a four-cylinder IC engine via two-color toluene fluorescence. Proc Combust Inst 35(3):3697–3705CrossRef

Haessler H, Bockhorn H, Pfeifer C, Kuhn D (2012) Formaldehyde-LIF of dimethyl ether during auto-ignition at elevated pressures. Flow Turbul Combust 89(2):249–259MATHCrossRef

Hildingsson L, Johansson B, Hultqvist A, Särner G, Richter M, Aldén M (2005) Simultaneous formaldehyde and fuel-tracer LIF imaging in a high-speed diesel engine with optically accessible realistic combustion chamber. SAE Technical Paper 2005-24-008

Itani LM, Bruneaux G, Di Lella A, Schulz C (2015) Two-tracer LIF imaging of preferential evaporation of multi-component gasoline fuel sprays under engine conditions. Proc Combust Inst 35(3):2915–2922CrossRef

Kaiser SA, Schild M, Schulz C (2013) Thermal stratification in an internal combustion engine due to wall heat transfer measured by laser-induced fluorescence. Proc Combust Inst 34(2):2911–2919CrossRef

Koban W, Koch JD, Hanson RK, Schulz C (2004) Absorption and fluorescence of toluene vapor at elevated temperatures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 6(11):2940–2945CrossRef

Krämer H, Einecke S, Schulz C, Sick V, Nattrass SR, Kitching JS (1998). Simultaneous mapping of the distribution of different fuel volatility classes using tracer-LIF tomography in an IC engine. SAE Trans 1049–1060

Kranz P, Kaiser SA (2019) LIF-based imaging of preferential evaporation of a multi-component gasoline surrogate in a direct-injection engine. Proc Combust Inst 37(2):1365–1372CrossRef

Lachaux T, Musculus MP (2007) In-cylinder unburned hydrocarbon visualization during low-temperature compression-ignition engine combustion using formaldehyde PLIF. Proc Combust Inst 31(2):2921–2929CrossRef

Li Y, Zhao H, Ma T (2006) Flow and mixture optimization for a fuel stratification engine using PIV and PLIF techniques. J Phys Conf Ser 45(1):59. IOP Publishing

Li B, Jonsson M, Algotsson M, Bood J, Li ZS, Johansson O, Aldén M, Tunér M, Johansson B (2013) Quantitative detection of hydrogen peroxide in an HCCI engine using photo fragmentation laser-induced fluorescence. Proc Combust Inst 34(2):3573–3581CrossRef

Li B, Zhang D, Yao M, Li Z (2017) Strategy for single-shot CH3 imaging in premixed methane/air flames using photofragmentation laser-induced fluorescence. Proc Combust Inst 36(3):4487–4495CrossRef

Lind S, Trost J, Zigan L, Leipertz A, Will S (2015) Application of the tracer combination TEA/acetone for multi-parameter laser-induced fluorescence measurements in IC engines with exhaust gas recirculation. Proc Combust Inst 35(3):3783–3791CrossRef

Lind S, Retzer U, Will S, Zigan L (2017) Investigation of mixture formation in a diesel spray by tracer-based laser-induced fluorescence using 1-methylnaphthalene. Proc Combust Inst 36(3):4497–4504CrossRef

Ma X, Xu H, Jiang C, Shuai S (2014) Ultra-high speed imaging and OH-LIF study of DMF and MF combustion in a DISI optical engine. Appl Energy 122:247–260CrossRef

Ma L, Lei Q, Ikeda J, Xu W, Wu Y, Carter CD (2017) Single-shot 3D flame diagnostic based on volumetric laser induced fluorescence (VLIF). Proc Combust Inst 36(3):4575–4583CrossRef

Malmqvist E, Jonsson M, Larsson K, Aldén M, Bood J (2016) Two-dimensional OH-thermometry in reacting flows using photofragmentation laser-induced florescence. Combust Flame 169:297–306CrossRef

Miles PC (2014) The history and evolution of optically accessible research engines and their impact on our understanding of engine combustion. In: ASME 2014 internal combustion engine division fall technical conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers Digital Collection

Nygren J, Hult J, Richter M, Aldén M, Christensen M, Hultqvist A, Johansson B (2002) Three-dimensional laser induced fluorescence of fuel distributions in an HCCI engine. Proc Combust Inst 29(1):679–685CrossRef

Omar M, Dominique T, Patrizio M, Jérôme B (2020) Investigation on the conditions leading to the micro-explosion of emulsified fuel droplet using two colors LIF method. Exper Thermal Fluid Sci 110106

Ottenwälder T, Schulz C, Raffius T, Koß HJ, Grünefeld G, Heufer KA, Pischinger S (2018) Quantitative nitrogen oxide measurements by laser-induced fluorescence in diesel-like n-heptane jets with enhanced premixing. Combust Flame 188:250–261CrossRef

Peterson B, Baum E, Böhm B, Sick V, Dreizler A (2013) High-speed PIV and LIF imaging of temperature stratification in an internal combustion engine. Proc Combust Inst 34(2):3653–3660CrossRef

Peterson B, Baum E, Böhm B, Sick V, Dreizler A (2014) Evaluation of toluene LIF thermometry detection strategies applied in an internal combustion engine. Appl Phys B 117(1):151–175CrossRef

Peterson B, Baum E, Böhm B, Sick V, Dreizler A (2015) Spray-induced temperature stratification dynamics in a gasoline direct-injection engine. Proc Combust Inst 35(3):2923–2931CrossRef

Peterson B, Baum E, Dreizler A, Böhm B (2019) An experimental study of the detailed flame transport in a SI engine using simultaneous dual-plane OH-LIF and stereoscopic PIV. Combust Flame 202:16–32CrossRef

Qin S, Krohn B, Petrov V, Manera A (2020) Velocity and scalar fields of a turbulent buoyant jet in the self-similar region. Nucl Technol 206(2):307–321CrossRef

Raman V, Tang Q, An Y, Shi H, Sharma P, Magnotti G, Chang J, Johansson B (2020) Impact of spray-wall interaction on the in-cylinder spatial unburned hydrocarbon distribution of a gasoline partially premixed combustion engine. Combust Flame 215:157–168CrossRef

Schießl R, Maas U (2003) Analysis of end gas temperature fluctuations in an SI engine by laser-induced fluorescence. Combust Flame 133(1–2):19–27CrossRef

Schmitt S, Wick M, Wouters C, Ruwe L, Graf I, Andert J, Hansen N, Pischinger S, Kohse-Höinghaus K (2020) Effects of water addition on the combustion of iso-octane investigated in laminar flames, low-temperature reactors, and an HCCI engine. Combust Flame 212:433–447CrossRef

Schrewe MR, Ghandhi JB (2007) Near-wall formaldehyde planar laser-induced fluorescence measurements during HCCI combustion. Proc Combust Inst 31(2):2871–2878CrossRef

Schulz C, Sick V (2005) Tracer-LIF diagnostics: quantitative measurement of fuel concentration, temperature and fuel/air ratio in practical combustion systems. Prog Energy Combust Sci 31(1):75–121CrossRef

Schulz C, Yip B, Sick V, Wolfrum J (1995) A laser-induced fluorescence scheme for imaging nitric oxide in engines. Chem Phys Lett 242(3):259–264CrossRef

Scott B, Willman C, Williams B, Ewart P, Stone R, Richardson D (2017) In-cylinder temperature measurements using laser induced grating spectroscopy and two-colour PLIF. SAE Int J Engines 10(4):2191–2201CrossRef

Shen X, Gao X, Li Z, Li B, Zheng C, Sun Z, Ni M, Cen K, Aldén M (2012) PLIF diagnostics of NO oxidization and OH consumption in pulsed corona discharge. Fuel 102:729–736CrossRef

Shi H, Tang Q, An Y, Raman V, Sim J, Chang J, Magnotti G, Johansson B (2020) Study of spray/wall interaction in transition zones from HCCI via PPC to CI combustion modes. Fuel 268:CrossRef

Shibata G, Nishiuchi S, Xie P, Takai S, Ogawa H, Kobashi Y (2020) Measurements of fuel adhesion on cylinder walls and fuel wall-flow behavior with post diesel fuel injections. Int J Engine Res 21(2):352–366CrossRef

Sick V, Drake MC, Fansler TD (2010) High-speed imaging for direct-injection gasoline engine research and development. Exp Fluids 49(4):937–947CrossRef

Strozzi C, Claverie A, Prevost V, Sotton J, Bellenoue M (2019) HCCI and SICI combustion modes analysis with simultaneous PLIF imaging of formaldehyde and high-speed chemiluminescence in a rapid compression machine. Combust Flame 202:58–77CrossRef

Tang Q, Liu H, Li M, Geng C, Yao M (2017a) Multiple optical diagnostics on effect of fuel stratification degree on reactivity controlled compression ignition. Fuel 202:688–698CrossRef

Tang Q, Liu H, Li M, Yao M, Li Z (2017b) Study on ignition and flame development in gasoline partially premixed combustion using multiple optical diagnostics. Combust Flame 177:98–108CrossRef

Tang Q, Liu H, Ran X, Li M, Yao M (2020) Effects of direct-injection fuel types and proportion on late-injection reactivity controlled compression ignition. Combust Flame 211:445–455CrossRef

Thurber MC (1999) Acetone Laser-induced fluorescence for temperature and multi parameter imaging in gaseous flows. PhD thesis, Stanford University

Tran KH, Guibert P, Morin C, Bonnety J, Pounkin S, Legros G (2015) Temperature measurements in a rapid compression machine using anisole planar laser-induced fluorescence. Combust Flame 162(10):3960–3970CrossRef

Verbiezen K, Klein-Douwel RJH, Van Vliet AP, Donkerbroek AJ, Meerts WL, Dam NJ, Ter Meulen JJ (2007) Quantitative laser-induced fluorescence measurements of nitric oxide in a heavy-duty Diesel engine. Proc Combust Inst 31(1):765–773CrossRef

Williams B, Ewart P, Wang X, Stone R, Ma H, Walmsley H, Cracknell R, Stevens R, Richardson D, Fu H, Wallace S (2010) Quantitative planar laser-induced fluorescence imaging of multi-component fuel/air mixing in a firing gasoline-direct-injection engine: effects of residual exhaust gas on quantitative PLIF. Combust Flame 157(10):1866–1878CrossRef

Wu Y, Xu W, Lei Q, Ma L (2015) Single-shot volumetric laser induced fluorescence (VLIF) measurements in turbulent flows seeded with iodine. Opt Express 23(26):33408–33418CrossRef

Zabeti S, Drakon A, Faust S, Dreier T, Welz O, Fikri M, Schulz C (2015) Temporally and spectrally resolved UV absorption and laser-induced fluorescence measurements during the pyrolysis of toluene behind reflected shock waves. Appl Phys B 118(2):295–307CrossRef

Zhang Z, Li T, Shi W (2019a) Ambient Tracer-LIF for 2-D quantitative measurement of fuel concentration in gas jets. Energy 171:372–384CrossRef

Zhang Q, Su J, Du W, Yuan H, Yang F, Tan S (2019b) Experimental study on mixing phenomenon inside reactor down-comer under single-loop injection using laser induced fluorescence. Prog Nucl Energy 117:CrossRef

Zhao H, Peng Z, Ma T (2004) Investigation of the HCCI/CAI combustion process by 2-D PLIF imaging of formaldehyde. SAE technical paper 2004-01-1901

Titel: Application of Laser-Induced Fluorescence Technique in Internal Combustion Engine Investigations
verfasst von: Tushar Kakkar
Ashutosh Jena
Avinash Kumar Agarwal
Verlag: Springer Singapore
Buch: Novel Internal Combustion Engine Technologies for Performance Improvement and Emission Reduction
Print ISBN: 978-981-16-1581-8

Electronic ISBN: 978-981-16-1582-5

Copyright-Jahr: 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1582-5_2

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Premium Partner