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2004 | Buch

Mnemiopsis leidyi: Distribution and Effect on the Black Sea Ecosystem During the First Years of Invasion in Comparison with Other Gelatinous Blooms Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Aquatic Invasions in the Black, Caspian, and Mediterranean Seas

The Ctenophores Mnemiopsis leidyi and Beroe in the Ponto-Caspian and other Aquatic Invasions

herausgegeben von: Henri Dumont, Tamara A. Shiganova, Ulrich Niermann

Verlag: Springer Netherlands

Buchreihe : NATO Science Series

Enthalten in: Professional Book Archive

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SUCHEN

Über dieses Buch

The present volume contains the presentations of a NATO advanced Research Workshop (ARW) entitled “The invasion of the Black, Mediterranean and Caspian Seas by the American Ctenophore, Mnemiopsis leidyi Agassiz: a multidisciplinary perspective and a comparison with other aquatic invasions”, held on 24 - 26 June 2002 in Baku (Azerbaijan). The meeting was ?nanced by the NATO Division for Scienti?c and Environmental Affairs (Brussels); substantial logistic support was provided by the CEP (Caspian Environmental Program) of the GEF in Baku. The Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian Seas represent three fragments of the former Tethys Sea, and are thus of great interest to understanding the evolution of the entire region where Eurasia, Africa and the Arabian Peninsula meet. While the Mediterranean is a typical marine environment, with salinity even a little above the world ocean’s, the Black Sea is a brackish meromictic lake, and the Caspian is a lake with a saline gradient extending from a freshwater basin in the North to a brackish water basin in the South. Intense ?shing activity takes place in all three seas, while maritime traf?c through the Dardanelles and Bosporus, and via the Lenin Canal (between the Don and Volga rivers) to the Caspian Sea has become greatly intensi?ed in the course of the last few decades.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Mnemiopsis leidyi, Beroe ovata, and their interaction

Chapter 1. Mnemiopsis leidyi: Distribution and Effect on the Black Sea Ecosystem During the First Years of Invasion in Comparison with Other Gelatinous Blooms
Ulrich Niermann
Chapter 2. Interactions between the invading ctenophores Mnemiopsis leidyi (A. Agassiz) and Beroe ovata Mayer 1912, and their influence on the Pelagic ecosystem of the Northeastern Black Sea
Tamara A. Shiganova, Henri J. Dumont, Alexander Mikaelyan, Dmitry M. Glazov, Yulia V. Bulgakova, Eteri I. Musaeva, Pavet Y. Sorokin, Larsia A. Pautova, Zinaida A. Mirzoyan, Ekaterina I. Studenikina
Chapter 3. Population dynamics of Mnemiopsis leidyi in the Caspian Sea, and effects on the Caspian ecosystem
Tamara A. Shiganova, Henri J. Dumont, Arkadyi F. Sokolsky, Andrey M. Kamakin, Dariga Tinenkova, Elena K. Kurasheva
Chapter 4. Distribution and biology of Mnemiopsis leidyi in the Northern Aegean Sea, and comparison with the indigenous Bolinopsis vitrea
Abstract
The distribution of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi in the Aegean Sea, influenced by the outflow of Black Sea water through the Dardanelles strait, has been studied since 1990. Swarms were found in the northern Aegean Sea, mainly near coastal areas, but at a lower abundance (max 150 ind. m−2) than in the Black Sea. It has been hypothesized that M. leidyi was introduced to the Aegean Sea by Black Sea water, but its presence in Saronikos Gulf and Elefsis Bay, located in the central Aegean Sea, could equally well be attributed to introduction with ballast water. No impact of M. leidyi on the mesozooplankton communities was detected in the northern Aegean Sea, probably due to its low abundance. During July 2001 the distribution and biology of M. leidyi and of the indigenous Bolinopsis vitrea were studied in the northeastern Aegean Sea. The abundance of both species was extremely low. The M. leidyi of the Aegean Sea were smaller and probably had lower fecundity than those of the Black Sea, but they presented higher metabolic and clearance rates. The metabolic and clearance rates of Bolinopsis vitrea were lower than those of M. leidyi of the same length. These results suggest a regulation of the ctenophore populations in the oligotrophic waters of the Aegean Sea.
Tamara A. Shiganova, Epaminondas D. Christou, Julia V. Bulgakova, Ioanna Siokou-Frangou, Soultana Zervoudaki, Apostolos Siapatis
Chapter 5. Effects of Beroe cf ovata on gelatinous and other zooplankton along the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast
Conclusions
Our study revealed a high inter-annual variability of the mesozooplankton and of Mnemiopsis after the arrival of Beroe ovata. The period 1998–2001 can be considered as transitional, with the zooplankton still vulnerable to Mnemiopsis predation pressure and under adjustment to the new prey-predator couple Beroe-Mnemiopsis. Mnemiopsis decreased relatively compared to the period before Beroe(1994–1996), which could be attributed to control by B. cf ovata after 1998. Despite this inter-annual variability, the recent features of mesozooplankton performance, viz. species number, numerical abundance and biomass, show signs of recovery. These are widely believed to reflect a reduced top-down control by Mnemiopsis. Still, Mnemiopsis remains a key control on zooplankton growth, especially in summer, as illustrated by our PCA analysis.
Lyudmilla Kamburska
Chapter 6. Decreased levels of the invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis in the Marmara Sea in 2001
Abstract
Mnemiopsis leidyi, an endemic ctenophore of the western Atlantic, was first reported in the Marmara Sea in summer 1992, at an average abundance of 27 ind. m−3. We investigated its abundance and distribution together with that of the mesozooplankton (most species are prey organisms of M. leidyi) at eight stations during August 2001, in order to evaluate recent population developments with regard to the impact of its predator, Beroe cf ovata. The abundance of M. leidyi was found to be quite low (range 0.5–8.8 ind. m−3, average 1.62 ind. m−3) compared to 1992. B. cf ovata was, although at very low abundance (0.1–1.1 ind. m−3), only present at stations where M. leidyi occurred. The zooplankton abundance was higher during our investigation than in previous years, which should at least partly be due to a decreased predation impact by M. leidyi.
Melek Isinibilir, Ahmet N. Tarkan, Ahmet E. Kideys
Chapter 7. Preliminary investigation on the molecular systematics of The invasive ctenophore Beroe ovata
Keith M. Bayha, G. Richard Harbison, John H. Mcdonald, PatricK M. Gaffney
Chapter 8. Introduction of Beroe cf ovata to the Caspian Sea needed to control Mnemiopsis leidyi
Abstract
When Beroe cf ovata appeared in the Sea of Azov, it rapidly decimated Mnemiopsis here, and a partial restoration of the pelagic food chain followed. Experiments were conducted with Beroe, to test for its salinity tolerance and temperature range, using Sea of Azov water, and Caspian water, which has a distinct ionic composition. Beroe is capable of surviving in both, and is limited only by the salinities of the extreme northern Caspian, 7.5‰ apparently being the limiting concentration. We argue that the stenophagous Beroe can be safely introduced to the Caspian, in order to save the fisheries and other components of the pelagic food chain there.
Stanislav P. Volovik, Irina G. Korpakova
Chapter 9. Feeding, respiration and growth of ctenophore Beroe cf ovata in the low salinity conditions of the Caspian Sea
Conclusions
We conclude that (1) Beroe is able to adjust to and survive in Caspian water, (2) in a Caspian Sea water environment, Beroe is ingesting Mnemiopsis to a degree sufficient to decrease its abundance as sharply as in the Black Sea, (3) reproducing Beroe in Caspian water in limited preliminary laboratory trials was not successful, but should be repeated.
Ahmet E. Kideys, Galina A. Finenko, Boris E. Anninsky, Tamara A. Shiganova, Abdolghasem Roohi, Mojgan Rowshan Tabari, M. Youseffan, Mohammad T. Rostamiya
Chapter 10. A brief résumé of the status of the Mnemiopsis population in the Turkmen sector of the Caspian Sea according to observations during the first half of 2002
Firdouz M. Shakirova
Chapter 11. Dynamics of Mnemiopsis distribution in the Azerbaijan sector of the Caspian Sea in 2001–2002
Zulfugar M. Kuliyev
Chapter 12. Investigation on the distribution and biomass of Mnemiopsis in the Kazakhstan sector of the Caspian Sea in May 2002
Yulia A. Kim, L. V. Kwan, G. Demesinova

Ponto-Caspian species invading Europe; information network

Chapter 13. Range extensions of Ponto-Caspian aquatic invertebrates in Continental Europe
Abstract
The dispersal of Ponto-Caspian aquatic invertebrates outside their historic geographical range during the past 200 years was mainly caused by the construction of canals between previously separated biogeographic regions and to unintentional transport via ballast water of vessels. In addition, intentional introductions outside their native range facilitated further spread of Ponto-Caspian species. Since the beginning of 1990 their spread has been accelerated by the opening of the Main-Danube Canal in southern Germany.
Four main migration corridors can be distinguished: a northern corridor connecting the Rivers Don and Volga with the Baltic Sea, a north central corridor, connecting the River Dnieper with the Baltic Sea region and the River Rhine basin, a south western corridor, connecting the River Danube with the Rhine and neighbouring basins, and a southern corridor through the Mediterranean.
Henk A. M. Ketelaars
Chapter 14. Living in a sea of exotics — the Baltic case
Abstract
The brackish Baltic Sea is known to function as a bridgehead for the spread of non-indigenous species (NIS) between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres and, in an ecological sense, between freshwater and the sea. The recent basin-wide invasion of the predatory fishhook water flea Cercopagis pengoi and the North American bristle worm Marenzelleria viridis in the Baltic are the latest examples of 〉100 introductions recorded over the last 200 years. A great majority of them are found in the most diluted coastal lagoons and estuaries only, these hot spot sites being known as centers of xenodiversity. The most important source areas for NIS have been the western European waters, the Atlantic coast of North America and the Ponto-Caspian realm.
A brief review of the present state of invasions and the history of invasion biology in the Baltic Sea is given, together with examples of the role of NIS as habitat engineers. Approximately 70 NIS in the Baltic Sea are more or less naturalized. Less than 20 of them (〈30%) can be classified as nuisance species that cause damage to underwater constructions, fisheries, shores and embankments or to target species for hunting. Seven of them have caused or are prone to cause significant impact on human interests: the Ponto-Caspian species Cordylophora caspia (Hydrozoa), Cercopagis pengoi (Cladocera), and Dreissena polymorpha (Bivalvia), the North American barnacle Balanus improvisus and the American mink Mustela vison, the Japanese swimbladder nematode Anquillicola crassus and the cryptogenic shipworm mollusk Teredo navalis.
Erkki LeppäKoski
Chapter 15. Internet-based information resources on aquatic alien species relevant to the Ponto-Caspian Region
Abstract
Open information systems are considered to be essential elements of dissemination of information on invasive alien species, and are powerful management tools. A review of available online information resources, relevant for the Ponto-Caspian Region, has revealed that they are not sufficient to serve the region. Development of the regional, Ponto-Caspian online information system on aquatic alien species is urgently needed, in view of the accelerating rates of introductions of harmful alien species in the region, severe impacts of these species on the environment, and associated economic losses. Such an information system should be developed using already available information technologies, in order to ensure its effective incorporation in a global invasive species information network.
Vadim E. Panov

Other Mediterranean Invaders

Chapter 16. Invasion of the Jellyfish Pelagia noctiluca in the Northern Adriatic: a non-success story
Abstract
Over the last two centuries, massive outbreaks of Pelagia noctiluca were recorded on average at 12 years intervals in certain parts of the Mediterranean Sea. Population peaks of Pelagia noctiluca were sometimes accompanied by an expansion outside of its usual distribution range, and during 1977–1986 this jellyfish also populated the northern Adriatic Sea. After maintaining itself at rather high densities for several consecutive years, the Pelagia noctiluca population of the northern Adriatic collapsed rather abruptly and for no obvious reason.
Environmental conditions before, during and after the invasion of Pelagia noctiluca to the northern Adriatic are described. A model using time series analysis (1984–1986) of its population size structure was utilized to simulate the abundance of this jellyfish in the northern Adriatic. Results of this modelling exercise indicate that the most important effect on Pelagia population density was maturation at an early age (thus, at smaller size). The incorporation of demographic parameters such as shrinkage (regression and recovery to sexual maturity) into the model was the second most important factor for simulating its population abundance.
Alenka Malej, Alenka Malej Jr
Chapter 17. Caulerpa taxifolia: 18 years of infestation in the Mediterranean Sea
Abstract
After 18 years of invasion, the situation with Caulerpa taxifolia in the Mediterranean is out of control. Eradication is no longer an option. The last hope remaining is in the use of biological control measures. This introduced species, of aquarium origin, has already reached six Mediterranean countries and more than 131 km2 of coastal area are affected. The alga deeply modifies the habitat and has incisive impacts on the native flora and fauna. Because of its presence in the aquarium trade all around the world, C. taxifolia is predicted to cause problems elsewhere as well. Recently, it was discovered in California and Australia.
Thierry Thibaut, Alexandre Meinesz

Conclusions from the meeting

Chapter 18. Conclusions from the meeting
Henri J. Dumont, Tamara A. Shiganova, Ulrich Niermann
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Aquatic Invasions in the Black, Caspian, and Mediterranean Seas
herausgegeben von
Henri Dumont
Tamara A. Shiganova
Ulrich Niermann
Copyright-Jahr
2004
Verlag
Springer Netherlands
Electronic ISBN
978-1-4020-2152-7
Print ISBN
978-1-4020-1866-4
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2152-6