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2009 | Buch

Artificial Intelligence and Intelligent Systems Research in Chile Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Artificial Intelligence An International Perspective

An International Perspective

herausgegeben von: Max Bramer

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Buchreihe : Lecture Notes in Computer Science

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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Über dieses Buch

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a rapidly growing inter-disciplinary field with a long and distinguished history that involves many countries and considerably pre-dates the development of computers. It can be traced back at least as far as Ancient Greece and has evolved over time to become a major subfield of computer science in general.

This state-of-the-art survey not only serves as a "position paper" on the field from the viewpoint of expert members of the IFIP Technical Committee 12, its Working Groups and their colleagues, but also presents overviews of current work in different countries.

The chapters describe important relatively new or emerging areas of work in which the authors are personally involved, including text and hypertext categorization; autonomous systems; affective intelligence; AI in electronic healthcare systems; artifact-mediated society and social intelligence design; multilingual knowledge management; agents, intelligence and tools; intelligent user profiling; and supply chain business intelligence. They provide an interesting international perspective on where this significant field is going at the end of the first decade of the twenty-first century.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Artificial Intelligence and Intelligent Systems Research in Chile
Abstract
Worldwide Artificial Intelligence research has witnessed fast and growing advances. These contributions mainly came from first-world nations as other research priorities and needs have been undertaken by less-developed countries. Nevertheless some Latin American countries have put significant efforts into AI research so as to advance in the state-of-the-art at international levels. This paper describes the history, evolution and main contributions of Chile to AI research and applications.
John Atkinson, Mauricio Solar
Text and Hypertext Categorization
Abstract
Automatic categorization of text documents has become an important area of research in the last two decades, with features that make it significantly more difficult than the traditional classification tasks studied in machine learning. A more recent development is the need to classify hypertext documents, most notably web pages. These have features that add further complexity to the categorization task but also offer the possibility of using information that is not available in standard text classification, such as metadata and the content of the web pages that point to and are pointed at by a web page of interest. This chapter surveys the state of the art in text categorization and hypertext categorization, focussing particularly on issues of representation that differentiate them from ’conventional’ classification tasks and from each other.
Houda Benbrahim, Max Bramer
Future Challenges for Autonomous Systems
Abstract
The domain of intelligent creatures, systems and entities is suffering today profound changes, and the pace of more than a hundred meetings (congresses, conferences, workshops) per year shows there is a very large community of interest, eager of innovations and creativity. There is now no unanimity and homogeneity of the crowd, no convergence on what concerns scientific or technological goals, and recent surveys offer us strange results about the desires of industry and academy. However, observing recent conferences, we can work out some tendencies and move toward the future, yet conflicts are present concerning the aims the multiple communities pursue because some themes are relevant for several communities. Also, interleaving of areas generates points of friction between what must be done next.
Helder Coelho
Affective Intelligence: The Human Face of AI
Abstract
Affective computing has been an extremely active research and development area for some years now, with some of the early results already starting to be integrated in human-computer interaction systems. Driven mainly by research initiatives in Europe, USA and Japan and accelerated by the abundance of processing power and low-cost, unintrusive sensors like cameras and microphones, affective computing functions in an interdisciplinary fashion, sharing concepts from diverse fields, such as signal processing and computer vision, psychology and behavioral sciences, human-computer interaction and design, machine learning, and so on. In order to form relations between low-level input signals and features to high-level concepts such as emotions or moods, one needs to take into account the multitude of psychology and representation theories and research findings related to them and deploy machine learning techniques to actually form computational models of those. This chapter elaborates on the concepts related to affective computing, how these can be connected to measurable features via representation models and how they can be integrated into human-centric applications.
Lori Malatesta, Kostas Karpouzis, Amaryllis Raouzaiou
Introducing Intelligence in Electronic Healthcare Systems: State of the Art and Future Trends
Abstract
This chapter introduces intelligent technologies applied in electronic healthcare systems and services. It presents an overview of healthcare technologies that enable the advanced patient data acquisition and management of medical information in electronic health records. The chapter presents the most important patient data classification methods, while special focus is placed on new concepts in intelligent healthcare platforms (i.e., advanced data mining, agents and context-aware systems) that provide enhanced means of medical data interpretation and manipulation. The chapter is concluded with the areas in which intelligent electronic healthcare systems are anticipated to make a difference in the near future.
Ilias Maglogiannis
AI in France: History, Lessons Learnt, State of the Art and Future
Abstract
This chapter begins by a short history of AI in France since the early 1970s. It gives some examples of industrial applications developed since the 1980s. It also introduces AFIA, the French Association for AI, and describes some activities such as the main conferences and publications. The main French AI research domains and actors such as public and private laboratories are listed and some of their activities are briefly presented. A table of AI-based French software and service companies is reprinted from the AFIA Bulletin. A presentation of the main national research programs is followed by the description of two international AI labs Sony CSL (Paris) and XRCE (Grenoble). Finally some future trends and challenges are discussed.
Eunika Mercier-Laurent
Artifact-Mediated Society and Social Intelligence Design
Abstract
Human society is increasingly dependent on artifacts. The progress of artificial intelligence accelerates this tendency. In spite of strong concern about heavy dependence on artifacts, it appears an inevitable consequence of the knowledge society. In this chapter, I am seeking a better way of living with advanced artifacts to realize an artifact-mediated society where people are supported by human-centered socially-adequate artifacts. The proposed framework consists of surrogates that work on behalf of the user and mediators that moderate or negotiate interactions among surrogates. I survey recent work in social intelligence design, and discuss technological challenges and opportunities in this direction.
Toyoaki Nishida
Multilingual Knowledge Management
Abstract
Although there has been substantial research in knowledge management, there has been limited work in the area of multilingual knowledge management. The purpose of this chapter is to review and summarize some of the existing and supporting literature surrounding the emerging field of multilingual knowledge management. It does that by reviewing recent applications from multiple fields and the presentation of multilingual information. The chapter uses a theory about knowledge management and also examines supporting literature in translation, collaboration, ontologies and search.
Daniel E. O’Leary
Agents, Intelligence and Tools
Abstract
This chapter investigates the relationship among agent intelli- gence, environment and the use of tools. To this end, we first survey, organise and relate many relevant approaches in the literature, coming from both within and without the fields of artificial intelligence and computer science. Then we introduce the A&A meta-model for multiagent systems (MAS), where artifacts, working as tools for agents, are used as basic building blocks for MAS modelling and engineering, and discuss the related metaphor of the Agens Faber, which promotes a new, principled way to conceive and build intelligent systems.
Andrea Omicini, Michele Piunti, Alessandro Ricci, Mirko Viroli
An Overview of AI Research in Italy
Abstract
This chapter aims to provide an overview of the main Italian research areas and activities. We first analyze the collaboration structure of Italian research, which involves more than eight hundred scholars and researchers from both universities and industry. From a network perspective it appears to be scale-free. Next, we briefly illustrate the main subjects of investigation and applications. AI research in Italy goes back to the 1970s with an increase in the last twenty years and spans the main research AI areas, from automated reasoning and ontologies to machine learning, robotics and evolutionary computation.
Andrea Roli, Michela Milano
Intelligent User Profiling
Abstract
User profiles or user models are vital in many areas in which it is essential to obtain knowledge about users of software applications. Examples of these areas are intelligent agents, adaptive systems, intelligent tutoring systems, recommender systems, intelligent e-commerce applications, and knowledge management systems. In this chapter we study the main issues regarding user profiles from the perspectives of these research fields. We examine what information constitutes a user profile; how the user profile is represented; how the user profile is acquired and built; and how the profile information is used. We also discuss some challenges and future trends in the intelligent user profiling area.
Silvia Schiaffino, Analía Amandi
Supply Chain Business Intelligence: Technologies, Issues and Trends
Abstract
Supply chains are complex systems with silos of information that are very difficult to integrate and analyze. The best way to effectively analyze these disparate systems is the use of Business Intelligence (BI). The ability to make and then to process the right decision at the right time in collaboration with the right partners is the definition of the successful use of BI. This chapter discusses the need for Supply Chain Business Intelligence, introduces driving forces for its adoption and describes the supply chain BI architecture. The global supply chain performance measurement system based on the process reference model is described. The main cutting-edge technologies such as service-oriented architecture (SOA), business activity monitoring (BAM), web portals, data mining, and their role in BI systems are also discussed. Finally, key BI trends and technologies that will influence future systems are described.
Nenad Stefanovic, Dusan Stefanovic
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Artificial Intelligence An International Perspective
herausgegeben von
Max Bramer
Copyright-Jahr
2009
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Electronic ISBN
978-3-642-03226-4
Print ISBN
978-3-642-03225-7
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03226-4

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