48. Assessment of Energy Efficiencies and Environmental Impacts of Railway and Bus Transportation Options

In this study, energy efficiency and environmental impacts of railway and bus transportation are applied in three steps. While comparison between railway system and bus transportation options is discussed in first and second steps, indirect, energy consumption changing of railway system with person number and gradient rate is studied in the last step, direct. Firstly, energy efficiency of railway systems is compared with bus transportation in urban transportation in Istanbul in terms of carbon dioxide (CO₂). Then, energy consumptions and cost analysis of both systems are evaluated by calculations on the basis of numerical data, received from certain organizations. And finally, they are compared in terms of the number of passengers and gradient rate energy consumptions by using SimuX simulation program. Preferring railway systems in transportation becomes more important because of best environment impacts (CO₂ per capita will decrease 244.6 g), energy cost (bus transportation is 2.66 times lower than railway systems), and energy efficiency (energy consumption with gradient value increases by 18.62 and with passenger number increases per capita by 3.63).