Introduction
Methods
Participants and study design
Procedures
Anthropometry and body composition
Hormonal assessments
Health-related quality of life
Statistical analysis
Results
Variables | Mean ± SD |
---|---|
Age (years) | 55.6 ± 5.0 |
Weight (kg) | 70.3 ± 11.0 |
Height (cm) | 155.1 ± 6.0 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 30.1 ± 5.8 |
Body fat (%) | 40.0 ± 7.0 |
Gonadotropic hormonal profile
| |
LH (mg/dL) | 29.3 ± 12.7 |
FSH (mg/dL) | 69.6 ± 25.8 |
LH/FSH | 0.42 ± 0.13 |
Estradiol (mg/dL) | 15.9 ± 15.5 |
Physical fitness
| |
Cardiorespiratory fitness | |
6-min walk (m) | 501.1 ± 55.6 |
Muscle strength | |
Upper body | 22.7 ± 5.4 |
Handgrip strength (kg) | |
Lower body | 13.1 ± 3.3 |
30-s chair-stand (rep) | |
Flexibility | |
Upper body | |
Back scratch (cm) | −6.3 ± 9.7 |
Lower body | |
Chair sit-and-reach (cm) | −0.5 ± 13.5 |
Balance | |
Dynamic/agility | |
8-feet up-and-go (s)
#
| 6.1 ± 1.2 |
Static | |
Blind flamingo (fails)#
| 7.4 ± 4.2 |
Health-related quality of life (SF-36)
| |
Physical functioning | 72.6 ± 30.9 |
Emotional role | 76.2 ± 39.8 |
Physical role | 60.4 ± 43.4 |
Vitality | 55.5 ± 24.5 |
Mental health | 62.7 ± 25.7 |
Social functioning | 81.5 ± 25.4 |
Bodily pain* | 54.8 ± 28.4 |
General health | 56.9 ± 26.8 |
SF-36 physical component summary | 60.8 ± 26.0 |
SF-36 mental component summary | 69.0 ± 23.4 |
Educational status
|
n (%)
|
No studies | 9 (13.4) |
Primary school | 45 (67.2) |
Secondary school/professional training | 6 (9.0) |
University degree | 7 (10.4) |
Occupational status
| |
Home worker | 26 (38.8) |
Unemployed/retired | 28 (41.8) |
Partial or full employed | 13 (19.4) |
SF-36 dimensions | Muscle FITNESS | Flexibility | Balance | Cardiorespiratory fitness | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Upper body | Lower body | Upper body | Lower body | Static | Dynamic | ||
Handgrip strength | Chair-stand | Back scratch | Chair sit-and-reach | Blind flamingo#
| 8-feet up-and-go#
| 6-min walk | |
Physical functioning | 0.289* | −.019 | 0.079 | 0.178 | −.198 | −.165 | 0.127 |
Emotional role | 0.279* | 0.049 | 0.207 | 0.307* | −.128 | −.023 | 0.299* |
Physical role | 0.390** | 0.235 | 0.298* | 0.524*** | −.130 | −.161 | 0.190 |
Vitality | 0.406** | 0.222 | 0.156 | 0.476*** | −.243 | −.276* | 0.313* |
Mental health | 0.155 | 0.056 | 0.104 | 0.239 | −.459*** | −.082 | 0.124 |
Social functioning | 0.438** | 0.103 | 0.047 | 0.213 | −.102 | −.083 | 0.214 |
Bodily painΨ
| 0.481*** | 0.205 | 0.324* | 0.557*** | −.217 | −.217 | 0.315* |
General health | 0.371** | 0.290* | 0.114 | 0.356** | −.164 | −.191 | 0.135 |
Physical component summary | 0.475*** | 0.217 | 0.266 | 0.510*** | −.218 | −.224 | 0.233 |
Mental component summary | 0.401** | 0.108 | 0.185 | 0.385** | −.271 | −.132 | 0.283* |
β | B | SE |
P
|
R
2
|
R
2 change |
P
| |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SF-36 physical component summary
| |||||||
Step 1 | 0.032 | 0.573 | |||||
Age | 0.145 | 0.742 | 0.649 | 0.258 | |||
Educational status | 0.126 | 3.040 | 3.200 | 0.345 | |||
Occupational status | −0.038 | −0.909 | 3.129 | 0.773 | |||
Step 2 | 0.290 | 0.258 | <0.001 | ||||
Age | 0.152 | 0.777 | 0.561 | 0.172 | |||
Educational status | −0.064 | −0.002 | 2.838 | 0.982 | |||
Occupational status | 0.004 | 0.096 | 2.711 | 0.972 | |||
Chair sit-and-reach | 0.523 | 0.988 | 0.212 | <0.001 | |||
Step 3 | 0.349 | 0.059 | <0.001 | ||||
Age | 0.151 | 0.773 | 0.542 | 0.159 | |||
Educational status | 0.001 | 0.027 | 2.741 | 0.992 | |||
Occupational status | −0.020 | −0.474 | 2.630 | 0.858 | |||
Chair sit-and-reach | 0.377 | 0.713 | 0.236 | 0.004 | |||
Handgrip strength | 0.283 | −13.313 | 0.598 | 0.025 | |||
SF-36 mental component summary
| |||||||
Step 1 | 0.275 | 0.643 | |||||
Age | 0.108 | 0.480 | 0.480 | 0.401 | |||
Educational status | 0.129 | 2.704 | 2.794 | 0.337 | |||
Occupational status | −0.091 | 2.737 | −1.885 | 0.493 | |||
Step 2 | 0.194 | 0.167 | 0.011 | ||||
Age | 0.109 | 0.488 | 0.522 | 0.350 | |||
Educational status | 0.082 | 1.724 | 2.580 | 0.507 | |||
Occupational status | −0.109 | −2.254 | 2.514 | 0.374 | |||
Handgrip strength | 0.412 | 1.750 | 0.497 | 0.001 | |||
Step 3 | 0.266 | 0.072 | 0.002 | ||||
Age | 0.165 | 0.739 | 0.513 | 0.155 | |||
Educational status | −0.034 | −0.719 | 2.685 | 0.790 | |||
Occupational status | −0.059 | −1.216 | 2.459 | 0.623 | |||
Handgrip strength | 0.361 | 1.533 | 0.487 | 0.003 | |||
6-min walk | 0.304 | 0.125 | 0.052 | 0.020 |