2013 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel
Averroes: Whole-Program Analysis without the Whole Program
verfasst von : Karim Ali, Ondřej Lhoták
Erschienen in: ECOOP 2013 – Object-Oriented Programming
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
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Call graph construction for object-oriented programs is often difficult and expensive. Most sound and precise algorithms analyze the whole program including all library dependencies. The
separate compilation assumption
makes it possible to generate sound and reasonably precise call graphs without analyzing libraries. We investigate whether the separate compilation assumption can be encoded universally in Java bytecode, such that all existing whole-program analysis frameworks can easily take advantage of it. We present and evaluate
Averroes
, a tool that generates a placeholder library that overapproximates the possible behaviour of an original library. The placeholder library can be constructed quickly without analyzing the whole program, and is typically in the order of 80 kB of class files (comparatively, the Java standard library is 25 MB). Any existing whole-program call graph construction framework can use the placeholder library as a replacement for the actual libraries to efficiently construct a sound and precise application call graph.
Averroes
improves the analysis time of whole-program call graph construction by a factor of 4.3x to 12x, and reduces memory requirements by a factor of 8.4x to 13x. In addition,
Averroes
makes it easier for whole-program frameworks to handle reflection soundly in two ways: it is based on a conservative assumption about all behaviour within the library, including reflection, and it provides analyses and tools to model reflection in the application. The call graphs built with
Averroes
and existing whole-program frameworks are as precise and sound as those built with
Cgc
. While
Cgc
is a specific implementation of the separate compilation assumption in the
Doop
framework,
Averroes
is universal to all Java program analysis frameworks.