Skip to main content

2019 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

13. Basic Income in Canada: Lessons Learned and Challenges Ahead

verfasst von : James P. Mulvale, Sid Frankel

Erschienen in: Implementing a Basic Income in Australia

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

This chapter examines efforts to put a basic income (BI) in place in Canada. We trace the story of efforts to launch some version of BI over many decades in Canada, including shifts in the political discourse on BI among politicians, parties and advocacy groups at both the federal and provincial levels. We also examine practical attempts to test the BI model in Canada, including an experiment that ran in Manitoba in the 1970s, and a pilot project that was launched and then cancelled in Ontario during the period of 2016–2018. Finally, we offer some lessons that could be instructive for Australia and other jurisdictions based on Canadian experiences with advocacy for and experimentation with BI.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Fußnoten
1
A semi-relative measure of poverty described further below.
 
2
Quoted from a “Communique” and “Notice of Motion” released by the Office of Senator Hugh Segal, Senate of Canada, 6 February 2008.
 
6
See https://​coalitionavenirq​uebec.​org/​en/​blog/​enjeux/​solidarity/​. The target group identified in the French version is “les personnes ayant des contraintes sévères à l’emploi.”
 
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Bird, R. M., & Zolt, E. M. (2015). Taxation and inequality in Canada and the United States: Two stories or one? Osgoode Hall Law Journal, 52(2), 401–426. Bird, R. M., & Zolt, E. M. (2015). Taxation and inequality in Canada and the United States: Two stories or one? Osgoode Hall Law Journal, 52(2), 401–426.
Zurück zum Zitat Calnitsky, D. (2016). “More normal than welfare”: The mincome experiment, stigma, and community experience. Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue canadienne de sociologie, 53(1), 26–71.CrossRef Calnitsky, D. (2016). “More normal than welfare”: The mincome experiment, stigma, and community experience. Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue canadienne de sociologie, 53(1), 26–71.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Caputo, R. (2014). Policy analysis for social workers. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.CrossRef Caputo, R. (2014). Policy analysis for social workers. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Carrick, R. (2016, July 21). New Canada Child Benefit is a win for most families. The Globe and Mail [Toronto, ON], p. A4. Carrick, R. (2016, July 21). New Canada Child Benefit is a win for most families. The Globe and Mail [Toronto, ON], p. A4.
Zurück zum Zitat Carter, A. V. (2018). Policy pathways to carbon entrenchment: Responses to the climate crisis in Canada’s petro-provinces. Studies in Political Economy, 99(2), 1–24. Carter, A. V. (2018). Policy pathways to carbon entrenchment: Responses to the climate crisis in Canada’s petro-provinces. Studies in Political Economy, 99(2), 1–24.
Zurück zum Zitat Cook, T. D., Campbell, D. T., & Shadish, W. (2001). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for generalized causal inference. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Cook, T. D., Campbell, D. T., & Shadish, W. (2001). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for generalized causal inference. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Zurück zum Zitat De Wispelaere, J., & Stirton, L. (2013). The politics of unconditional basic income: Bringing bureaucracy back in. Political Studies, 61(4), 915–932.CrossRef De Wispelaere, J., & Stirton, L. (2013). The politics of unconditional basic income: Bringing bureaucracy back in. Political Studies, 61(4), 915–932.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Finkel, A. (2006). Social policy and practice in Canada: A history. Waterloo, ON: Wilfred Laurier University Press. Finkel, A. (2006). Social policy and practice in Canada: A history. Waterloo, ON: Wilfred Laurier University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Forget, E. (2011). The town with no poverty: The health effects of a Canadian guaranteed annual income field experiment. Canadian Public Policy, 37(3), 283–305.CrossRef Forget, E. (2011). The town with no poverty: The health effects of a Canadian guaranteed annual income field experiment. Canadian Public Policy, 37(3), 283–305.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Frankel, S., & Mulvale, J. (2014). Support and inclusion for all Manitobans: Steps toward a basic income scheme. Manitoba Law Journal, 37(2), 425–464. Frankel, S., & Mulvale, J. (2014). Support and inclusion for all Manitobans: Steps toward a basic income scheme. Manitoba Law Journal, 37(2), 425–464.
Zurück zum Zitat Fraser, M. W., & Galinsky, M. J. (2010). Steps in intervention research: Designing and developing social programs. Research on Social Work Practice, 20(5), 459–466.CrossRef Fraser, M. W., & Galinsky, M. J. (2010). Steps in intervention research: Designing and developing social programs. Research on Social Work Practice, 20(5), 459–466.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Haddow, R. (1994). Canadian organized labour and the guaranteed annual income. In A. E. Johnson, S. McBride, & P. J. Smith (Eds.), Continuities and discontinuities: The political economy of social welfare and labour market policy in Canada (pp. 350–366). Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press.CrossRef Haddow, R. (1994). Canadian organized labour and the guaranteed annual income. In A. E. Johnson, S. McBride, & P. J. Smith (Eds.), Continuities and discontinuities: The political economy of social welfare and labour market policy in Canada (pp. 350–366). Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat House of Commons. (2010, November). Federal poverty reduction plan: Working in partnership towards reducing poverty in Canada. Report of the Standing Committee on Human Resources, Skills and Social Development and the Status of Persons with Disabilities. Ottawa, ON: 40th Parliament, 3rd Session. House of Commons. (2010, November). Federal poverty reduction plan: Working in partnership towards reducing poverty in Canada. Report of the Standing Committee on Human Resources, Skills and Social Development and the Status of Persons with Disabilities. Ottawa, ON: 40th Parliament, 3rd Session.
Zurück zum Zitat Khanna, A. (2016). Six principles to guide a basic income program. In A. Himelfarb & T. Hennessy (Eds.), Basic income: Rethinking social policy (pp. 54–57). Toronto, ON: Canadian Centre on Policy Alternatives, Ontario Office. Khanna, A. (2016). Six principles to guide a basic income program. In A. Himelfarb & T. Hennessy (Eds.), Basic income: Rethinking social policy (pp. 54–57). Toronto, ON: Canadian Centre on Policy Alternatives, Ontario Office.
Zurück zum Zitat Link, B. G., & Phelan, J. C. (2006). Stigma and its public health implications. The Lancet, 367(9509), 528–529.CrossRef Link, B. G., & Phelan, J. C. (2006). Stigma and its public health implications. The Lancet, 367(9509), 528–529.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mulvale, J., & Frankel, S. (2016). Next steps on the road to Basic Income in Canada. Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare, 43(1), 27–50. Mulvale, J., & Frankel, S. (2016). Next steps on the road to Basic Income in Canada. Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare, 43(1), 27–50.
Zurück zum Zitat New Democratic Party. (2016). Resolutions passed at Convention 2016. Ottawa, ON: New Democratic Party. New Democratic Party. (2016). Resolutions passed at Convention 2016. Ottawa, ON: New Democratic Party.
Zurück zum Zitat Offe, C. (2001). Pathways from here. In P. Van Parijs (Ed.), What’s wrong with a free lunch? (pp. 111–118). Boston: Beacon Press. Offe, C. (2001). Pathways from here. In P. Van Parijs (Ed.), What’s wrong with a free lunch? (pp. 111–118). Boston: Beacon Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Office of the Taxpayers Ombudsman. (2018). Benefits unsheltered: An examination into the Canada Revenue Agency’s communication and outreach efforts to shelters and other support organizations about benefits and credits administered by the Canada Revenue Agency, December 2017. (Cat. Rv10-16/2018E-PDF, 978-0-660-24428-0). Ottawa, ON: Minister of Public Services and Procurement Canada. Office of the Taxpayers Ombudsman. (2018). Benefits unsheltered: An examination into the Canada Revenue Agency’s communication and outreach efforts to shelters and other support organizations about benefits and credits administered by the Canada Revenue Agency, December 2017. (Cat. Rv10-16/2018E-PDF, 978-0-660-24428-0). Ottawa, ON: Minister of Public Services and Procurement Canada.
Zurück zum Zitat Pereira, R. (2017). Cost of universal basic income: Public savings and program redundancy exceed cost. In R. Pereira (Ed.), Financing basic income: Addressing the cost objection (pp. 9–45). New York/London: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRef Pereira, R. (2017). Cost of universal basic income: Public savings and program redundancy exceed cost. In R. Pereira (Ed.), Financing basic income: Addressing the cost objection (pp. 9–45). New York/London: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Porter, A. (2015). Austerity, social program restructuring, and the erosion of democracy: Examining the 2012 employment insurance reforms. Canadian Review of Social Policy, 71, 21–52. Porter, A. (2015). Austerity, social program restructuring, and the erosion of democracy: Examining the 2012 employment insurance reforms. Canadian Review of Social Policy, 71, 21–52.
Zurück zum Zitat Reutter, L. I., Stewart, M. J., Veenstra, G., Love, R., Raphael, D., & Makwarimba, E. (2009). “Who do they think we are, anyway?”: Perceptions of and responses to poverty stigma. Qualitative Health Research, 19(3), 297–311.CrossRef Reutter, L. I., Stewart, M. J., Veenstra, G., Love, R., Raphael, D., & Makwarimba, E. (2009). “Who do they think we are, anyway?”: Perceptions of and responses to poverty stigma. Qualitative Health Research, 19(3), 297–311.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Revenue Canada. (undated). Canada Child Benefit and related provincial and territorial programs for the period from July 2017 to June 2018. Ottawa, ON: Revenue Canada. Revenue Canada. (undated). Canada Child Benefit and related provincial and territorial programs for the period from July 2017 to June 2018. Ottawa, ON: Revenue Canada.
Zurück zum Zitat Robson, L. (2016, May 30). The problem of child benefits in shared custody: What the planned changes to the federal child benefits really mean for divorced or separated parents. Macleans [magazine]. Robson, L. (2016, May 30). The problem of child benefits in shared custody: What the planned changes to the federal child benefits really mean for divorced or separated parents. Macleans [magazine].
Zurück zum Zitat Royal Commission on the Economic Union and Development Prospects for Canada. (1985). Report (Vol. 2). Ottawa, ON: Supply and Services Canada. Royal Commission on the Economic Union and Development Prospects for Canada. (1985). Report (Vol. 2). Ottawa, ON: Supply and Services Canada.
Zurück zum Zitat Senate of Canada. (1971). Report of the special senate committee on poverty (Croll report). Ottawa, ON: Information Canada. Senate of Canada. (1971). Report of the special senate committee on poverty (Croll report). Ottawa, ON: Information Canada.
Zurück zum Zitat Senate of Canada. (2009). In from the margins: A call to action on poverty, housing and homelessness. Standing Senate Committee on Social Affairs, Science and Technology (Sub-Committee on Cities). Ottawa, ON: Senate of Canada. Senate of Canada. (2009). In from the margins: A call to action on poverty, housing and homelessness. Standing Senate Committee on Social Affairs, Science and Technology (Sub-Committee on Cities). Ottawa, ON: Senate of Canada.
Zurück zum Zitat Sharac, J., Mccrone, P., Clement, S., & Thornicroft, G. (2010). The economic impact of mental health stigma and discrimination: A systematic review. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 19(3), 223–232.CrossRef Sharac, J., Mccrone, P., Clement, S., & Thornicroft, G. (2010). The economic impact of mental health stigma and discrimination: A systematic review. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 19(3), 223–232.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Simpson, W., Mason, G., & Godwin, R. (2017). The Manitoba basic annual income experiment: Lessons learned 40 years later. Canadian Public Policy, 43(1), 85–104.CrossRef Simpson, W., Mason, G., & Godwin, R. (2017). The Manitoba basic annual income experiment: Lessons learned 40 years later. Canadian Public Policy, 43(1), 85–104.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Statistics Canada. (2013). Low income lines 2010, 2011 (Income research series, catalogue number 75F0002MWE2012002). Ottawa, ON: Statistics Canada. Statistics Canada. (2013). Low income lines 2010, 2011 (Income research series, catalogue number 75F0002MWE2012002). Ottawa, ON: Statistics Canada.
Zurück zum Zitat Tollstam, G. (2016). New Canada child benefit. Canadian Tax Highlights, 24(8), 7. Tollstam, G. (2016). New Canada child benefit. Canadian Tax Highlights, 24(8), 7.
Zurück zum Zitat Toronto Star. (2018, August 11). Save basic income pilot: Social assistance [Editorial], Toronto Star, p. IN 10. Toronto Star. (2018, August 11). Save basic income pilot: Social assistance [Editorial], Toronto Star, p. IN 10.
Zurück zum Zitat Widerquist, K. (2005). A failure to communicate: What (if anything) can we learn from the negative income tax experiments? The Journal of Socio-Economics, 34(1), 49–81.CrossRef Widerquist, K. (2005). A failure to communicate: What (if anything) can we learn from the negative income tax experiments? The Journal of Socio-Economics, 34(1), 49–81.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Young, T. K. (2005). Population health: Concepts and methods (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. Young, T. K. (2005). Population health: Concepts and methods (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Young, M. (2007). Introduction. In M. Young, S. Boyd, G. Brodsky, & S. Day (Eds.), Poverty: Rights, social citizenship, and legal activism. Vancouver, BC: UBC Press. Young, M. (2007). Introduction. In M. Young, S. Boyd, G. Brodsky, & S. Day (Eds.), Poverty: Rights, social citizenship, and legal activism. Vancouver, BC: UBC Press.
Metadaten
Titel
Basic Income in Canada: Lessons Learned and Challenges Ahead
verfasst von
James P. Mulvale
Sid Frankel
Copyright-Jahr
2019
Verlag
Springer International Publishing
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14378-7_13