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Erschienen in:

2021 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

1. Basic Information About Tropical Peatland Ecosystems

verfasst von : Mitsuru Osaki, Tsuyoshi Kato, Takashi Kohyama, Hidenori Takahashi, Akira Haraguchi, Kazuo Yabe, Nobuyuki Tsuji, Satomi Shiodera, Joeni Setijo Rahajoe, Tika Dewi Atikah, Ayako Oide, Kayo Matsui, Rahmawati I. Wetadewi, Sisva Silsigia

Erschienen in: Tropical Peatland Eco-management

Verlag: Springer Singapore

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Abstract

The functions of peatlands (peat soils) can be considered based on their two main elements: (1) the peat matter and (2) the water.

Peat Matter: Peat matter is composed of carbon fibers that are mostly made of lignin; therefore, peat matter contains very few nutrients and desorbs nutrient ions (rather than adsorbing nutrients). Thus, the main function of peat matter is to support plants physically.

Water: In peatland water, nutrient and oxygen levels are severely limited.

Peatland water mainly comes from rain; the nutrient levels in peat water are very low, and nutrients leach gradually due to rainfall (pH 5.6, acidic).

The oxygen solubility in peat water is extremely low. Therefore, plant roots cannot absorb nutrients because the nutrient absorption process depends on respiratory energy, which requires an O₂ supply from outside the roots. Additionally, nodulation and N₂ fixation in legume plants strongly depend on oxygen supply.

What are the growth strategies of native plants in tropical peatlands under nutrient and oxygen-limited conditions?

Oxygen absorption strategies: Two strategies for oxygen absorption are observed in native peatland forests:

Aerial root formation: Oxygen absorption from the air

Mound root formation: Oxygen absorption from the air and nutrient absorption from litter that accumulates on root mounds.

Nutrient uptake strategies: Two strategies for nutrient uptake are observed in native peatland forests:

Nutrient recycling from litter on peatland surfaces

N₂ fixation by free-living N₂-fixing bacteria in the rhizosphere (mainly the aerial root rhizosphere)

Thus, tropical peatlands are extremely limited by their oxygen (low solubility in water) and nutrient levels; however, forest productivity is extremely high in native peatlands. In this chapter, the unique eco-physiological strategies of peatland plants are first described at the basic metabolic level. Then, a new concept for the innovative eco-management of tropical peatlands on a large scale is proposed.

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Titel: Basic Information About Tropical Peatland Ecosystems
verfasst von: Mitsuru Osaki
Tsuyoshi Kato
Takashi Kohyama
Hidenori Takahashi
Akira Haraguchi
Kazuo Yabe
Nobuyuki Tsuji
Satomi Shiodera
Joeni Setijo Rahajoe
Tika Dewi Atikah
Ayako Oide
Kayo Matsui
Rahmawati I. Wetadewi
Sisva Silsigia
Verlag: Springer Singapore
Buch: Tropical Peatland Eco-management
Print ISBN: 978-981-334-653-6

Electronic ISBN: 978-981-334-654-3

Copyright-Jahr: 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4654-3_1