Introduction
Defining energy improvement potentials
Benchmarking at different levels of aggregation
Energy efficiency indicators
Energy efficiency at process level in the paper industry
Aim and outline
General process description of papermaking
Methodology
Data used for this study
System boundaries
-
De-inking
-
Dispersion
-
Stock preparation
-
Forming and press section
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Pre-dryer section
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After dryer section
Approach to calculate SEC of processes
Methodology to analyse results
Results and discussion
Energy use in de-inking and dispersion
SEC (GJ/t pulp) | Dispersion | De-inking | Dispersion and de-inking combined | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Average | Range | Average | Range | Average | Range | |
Board | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Graphical | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Tissue | 1.6 | 1.0–2.2 | 1.0 | 0.4–1.3 | 2.6 | 2.3–3.0 |
Other | 1.2 | 0.8–1.6 | 1.7a
| 1.0–2.4a
| – | – |
Energy use in stock preparation
Stock preparation | SEC (GJ/t stock) | |
---|---|---|
Average | Range | |
Board | 0.7 | 0.7–1.0 |
Graphical | 2.3 | 1.5–3.0 |
Tissue | 2.3 | 1.7–2.3 |
Other | 0.8 | 0.4–1.7 |
Energy use in forming and press section
Forming and press | SEC (GJ/t paper) | |
---|---|---|
Average | Range | |
Board | 1.3 | 0.7–2.4 |
Graphical | 1.5 | 1.0–2.5 |
Tissue | 1.6 | 0.8–3.0 |
Other | 1.3 | 0.5–2.8 |
Energy use in drying section
Drying sections | SEC (GJ/t paper) | |
---|---|---|
Average | Range | |
Board | 4.8 | 4.0–5.8 |
Graphical | 7.6* | 5.2*–9.5 |
Tissue | 7.0 | 6.0–7.6 |
Other | 5.3 | 4.6–6.2 |
Total primary energy intensity
De-inking (GJ/t) | Dispersion (GJ/t) | Other stock prep (GJ/t) | Wire and press (GJ/t) | Pre-drying (GJ/t) | Coating/sizing/laminating (GJ/t) | After-drying (GJ/t) | Other processes paper machine (GJ/t) | Total (GJ/t) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Board | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 4.5 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 7.5 |
Graphical | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.8 | 1.5 | 4.7 | 0.2 | 2.6 | 0.7 | 12.5 |
Tissue | 0.8 | 1.5 | 3.3 | 1.9 | 6.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 14.7 |
Other | 0.6 | 0.4 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 4.9 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 9.4 |