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2012 | Buch

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Biodegradable Metals

From Concept to Applications

verfasst von: Hendra Hermawan

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Buchreihe : SpringerBriefs in Materials

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik"

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Über dieses Buch

This book in the emerging research field of biomaterials covers biodegradable metals for biomedical applications. The book contains two main parts where each of them consists of three chapters. The first part introduces the readers to the field of metallic biomaterials, exposes the state of the art of biodegradable metals, and reveals its application for cardiovascular implants. Some fundamental aspects to give basic understanding on metals for further review on the degradable ones is covered in chapter one. The second chapter introduces the concept of biodegradable metals, it's state of the art and discuses a shifted paradigm from inert to bioactive, from corrosion resistant to corrodible metals. The third chapter focuses on the challenges and opportunities of using biodegradable metals for cardiovascular applications. The second part exposes an example of biodegradable metals from its concept to applications where a complete study on metallic biodegradable stent is detailed from materials design, development, testing till the implant fabrication. The forth chapter reveals new alloys development devoted for metallic biodegradable stent based on required criteria derrived from clinical needs and current nondegradable stents properties. Degradation of the alloys in simulated arterial conditions and its effect to cells are exposed in chapter five. The both chapters are concluded with a benchmarking of some more recent researches on materials development and testing for biodegradable stents. Chapter six reveals the tranformation process of the materials into stent prototypes where a standard process for making 316L stainless steel stents was followed. The book is completed by a perspective on the use of biodegradable metals for biomedical applications in the era of tissue engineering.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Chapter 1. Introduction to Metallic Biomaterials

Abstract

After the invention of stainless steel in 1920s, metal implants have experienced vast development and clinical uses. The formation of ASTM Committee F04 on Medical and Surgical Materials and Devices in 1962 has then played important role to their development, practice and standardization. A great variety of corrosion resistant metals have been developed and used for medical implants including the class of 316L stainless steels, cobalt-chromium alloys and titanium and its alloys. New generation of metallic biomaterials have been made nickel free via novel processing including nano-processing and amorphization. Other development raised the concept of biodegradable rather than inert metals where temporary medical implants, that function only during specific period and then degrade, are targeted.

Hendra Hermawan

Chapter 2. Biodegradable Metals: State of the Art

Abstract

Degradable biomaterials constitute a novel class of bioactive biomaterials which are expected to support healing process of a diseased tissue and to degrade thereafter. Two classes of metals have been proposed: magnesium- and iron-based alloys. Three targeted applications are envisaged: orthopaedic, cardiovascular and pediatric implants. Conceptually, biodegradable metals should provide a temporary support on healing process and should progressively degrade thereafter.

Hendra Hermawan

Chapter 3. Biodegradable Metals for Cardiovascular Applications

Abstract

From basically pure magnesium and pure iron, the choice and technology for proposed biodegradable metals for cardiovascular applications have been progressed. These metals have been tested and validated by in vitro, in vivo till pre-clinical and clinical testing. Even though, lessons from their 10 years development indicated that the ideal characteristics of both the metals and the implants are yet to be achieved.

Hendra Hermawan

Chapter 4. Metallic Biodegradable Coronary Stent: Materials Development

Abstract

By taking 316L stainless steel as reference for mechanical and physical properties, a series of iron-manganese alloys was developed. Four alloys with manganese content ranging from 20 to 35wt% were prepared. Their microstructure, mechanical and physical properties were carefully investigated. Results show that the developed alloys possess mechanical and physical properties suitable for the development of biodegradable coronary stents.

Hendra Hermawan

Chapter 5. Metallic Biodegradable Coronary Stent: Degradation Study

Abstract

Excellent mechanical properties and controllable degradation behavior without inducing toxicological problems are the key features of material for biodegradable stent. Iron-manganese alloys have shown comparable mechanical and physical properties to those of 316L stainless steel. Their degradation characteristics were then investigated including in vitro cell viability. A rather uniform corrosion mechanism was observed and metal hydroxides with calcium/phosphorus-containing layers were identified as degradation products. A low inhibition to fibroblast cells metabolic activities was noticed. The results demonstrated the potential of iron-manganese alloys to be developed as degradable metallic biomaterials.

Hendra Hermawan

Chapter 6. Metallic Biodegradable Coronary Stent: Stent Prototyping

Abstract

Iron-manganese alloys have been designed, developed and assessed as material for biodegradable metallic coronary stent. The alloys have shown mechanical and physical properties comparable to those of 316L stainless steel and suitable in vitro degradation behavior. Therefore, it is interesting to transform the alloys into stent prototype, to determine their processability and to assess the implant properties. The current available technology of stent processing might be adapted to fabricate biodegradable stents. This chapter covers fabrication of iron-manganese stents that followed a standard process for fabricating and testing 316L stainless steel stents. It was found that some steps like laser cutting can be directly applied; but changes on the parameters are needed for annealing and alternatives are needed to replace electropolishing.

Hendra Hermawan

Chapter 7. Perspective

Abstract

The advance in tissue engineering has demanded biomaterials to exhibit bio-functional capability. The future direction for metallic implants goes toward the combination of the superior mechanical property of metals and the excellent bio-functionality of ceramics and polymers. A future for metallic biomaterials may include their revolutionary use for biodegradable implants. The study of innovative biodegradable metals is one of the most interesting research topics at the forefront of biomaterials in present days.

Hendra Hermawan

Titel: Biodegradable Metals
verfasst von: Hendra Hermawan
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Electronic ISBN: 978-3-642-31170-3
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-31169-7
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31170-3

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