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2019 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Biomass Energy Heat Provision in Modern Large-Scale Systems

verfasst von : Ingwald Obernberger, Friedrich Biedermann, Thomas Brunner

Erschienen in: Energy from Organic Materials (Biomass)

Verlag: Springer New York

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Aerodynamic diameter

The aerodynamic diameter of an irregular particle is the diameter of a spherical particle with a density of 1,000 kg/m³ and the same settling velocity as the irregular particle.

Aerosols

Fine particulate matter emissions (with a diameter <1 μm aerodynamic diameter) formed by gas-to-particle conversion of inorganic vapors released from the fuel, soot, and condensed organic compounds.

Ash

Solid residues of the combustion process resulting from inorganic noncombustible species contained in the fuel.

Bottom ash

Coarse ash fraction discharged from the fuel bed in a combustion process.

Combustion

Exothermic chemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidant, usually air, which produces oxidized products, namely, flue gases and ashes.

Emissions

Gaseous and solid products of a combustion process. Complete combustion results in desired emissions, which are CO₂, O₂, H₂O, and N_2, and undesired NO_x, SO_x, HCl, and particulate matter emissions. CO, organic gaseous compounds, soot, and condensed organic compounds are undesired products of an incomplete combustion process.

Excess air ratio (λ)

Measure for the air supplied to a combustion process compared with the minimum air demand for a complete oxidation of the fuel. λ = 1 means that exactly the amount of air needed for a complete stoichiometric oxidation of the fuel is fed to the system. λ < 1 means that less air than needed for a complete oxidation is supplied. λ > 1 means that more air (excess air) than needed for a complete oxidation is supplied.

Flue gas

Gaseous emissions from a combustion process.

Fly ash

Ash fraction entrained from the fuel bed with the flue gas (so-called coarse fly ash particles) and aerosols.

Gasification

Thermal conversion of a fuel at the presence of an oxidizing agent at understoichiometric conditions (λ < 1).

Pyrolysis

Thermal conversion of a fuel under the absence of any oxidizing agent (λ = 0).

Solid biofuel

Renewable, biological material used as fuel.

…

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Vorheriges Kapitel Biomass Energy Heat Provision in Modern Small-Scale Systems

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Titel: Biomass Energy Heat Provision in Modern Large-Scale Systems
verfasst von: Ingwald Obernberger
Friedrich Biedermann
Thomas Brunner
Verlag: Springer New York
Buch: Energy from Organic Materials (Biomass)
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-7812-0

Electronic ISBN: 978-1-4939-7813-7

Copyright-Jahr: 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7813-7_316