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2019 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Biomass Energy Small-Scale Combined Heat and Power Systems

verfasst von : Daniel Büchner, Andreas Ortwein, Ernst Höftberger, Volker Lenz

Erschienen in: Energy from Organic Materials (Biomass)

Verlag: Springer New York

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Cogeneration

Cogeneration (combined heat and power – CHP) describes the use of one source of energy within a conversion plant for the simultaneous supply of thermal and electrical energy.

Plant operating mode

Small-scale and micro-CHP plants can be operated in three main modes and various mixtures of these main modes. Here a heat- and a power-controlled operation are distinguished.

• Heat-controlled operation means an operation of the plant according to the thermal energy demand of the heat consumer, while power is generated as a by-product.

• In power-controlled operation mode, electricity is the main product of the plant, while the amount of heat which cannot be used directly is stored for later usage or is disposed by a cooler.

Based on an increasing amount of fluctuating renewable energy sources like wind and solar in the energy supply system, flexibility and coupling of energy sectors gain relevance. Therefore, especially for storable but limited sustainable biomass resources, a third main mode has to be defined according to smart bioenergy concept [1‐3]. This smart operation mode is determined by (1) hybrid operation by combining different renewable energy sources at the same site, (2) sizing of the CHP plant according to the thermal demand after utilization of all other renewable thermal resources available, and (3) operation of the plant according to grid power stabilizing demand and thermal energy demand considering the thermal storage possibilities.

Small-scale cogeneration unit

Small-scale cogeneration units are defined here as CHP plants with a maximum electric output capacity of 50 kW. Compared to that micro-CHP, plants are characterized here with a maximum electric output capacity of 5 kW.

SmartBiomassHeat

SmartBiomassHeat is a concept to provide bioenergy in the heating sector following some criteria, including (1) limited mass flow rates, (2) usage of modified and optimized fuels from by-products, residues and waste, (3) conversion technologies with high efficiency, effectivity (system value) and environmental friendliness, (4) improved integration into energy systems and material sectors, and (5) development of appropriate markets [2].

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Titel: Biomass Energy Small-Scale Combined Heat and Power Systems
verfasst von: Daniel Büchner
Andreas Ortwein
Ernst Höftberger
Volker Lenz
Verlag: Springer New York
Buch: Energy from Organic Materials (Biomass)
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-7812-0

Electronic ISBN: 978-1-4939-7813-7

Copyright-Jahr: 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7813-7_249