Biophilic and Bioclimatic Architecture

The earth is our sustainer, the chain of the ecologic survival. Renew ability is the key to our human continuum and to our prime resource for architecture. Earth sheltering, earth handling and earth escaping are more clearly pronounced in the vocabulary of architectural planning and design (Zaki

2005

). Architects can timepiece many new negative effects generated from a wrong usage of earth resource and a wrong correlation among the three components of human existing in the earth; these are environment, architecture and human being. Bearing in mind, the present forms of human building response to his environment and several of the problems produced by them, confident questions are raised regarding the lack of respect that many of these traditional responses have for the conservation of the environment and its intrinsic natural processes. We have over-used and over-abused every material, every resource and every environmental attributes originally available for us, to the area that many are at present scurrying about trying to find a gimmick or a quick and easy solution to the problem (Al-musaed

2007

).

In essence, architecture is a huge living creative spirit, which from generation to generation, from age to age, proceeds, persists, and creates, according to the nature of human, and his circumstances as they modify. It is the creative blend of art and science in the design of environments for community. People require places to eat, work, live, and engage in recreation. Architects convert these requirements into concepts and then expand the concepts into building images that can be built by others. Architecture provides a sense of place and supports all types of human activity. The aesthetic characters of the architecture are justified and rationalized, because they are language of its environmental functions and the situation of its creation, as in nature. As a result, architecture helps the artificial framework to fit in harmony with the environment while promoting health and well-being, enriching lives aesthetically and spiritually, providing economic opportunities, and creating a heritage that reflects and symbolizes culture and traditions.

A true satisfactory covering means people have identical access to a safe, livable and affordable habitat. Human being is considered as an active principle. By his perception and needs, through his reflection and expression, he influences and comprises the environment. Simultaneously, the built environment (physics, social and productive) has the same active principles, which influences the person to build his conscience. To describe an excellent moral act is to express emotion toward that act. Aesthetics is regularly known as the reading of sensory or sensor-emotional values, sometimes called as judgments of feeling and taste. More broadly, scholars in the field define aesthetics as decisive manifestation on art, culture and nature. Beauty in aesthetical conception is in the eye of the beholder, and is, therefore, very personal and subjective. Objective theories of aesthetic values have been much discussed in philosophical literature.

Today, upon reflecting on the various settings and experiences of our lives, we should be able to find some close matches between characteristics we like and characteristics that would have improved our chances of survival. The concept of biophilic architecture is a part of a new concept in architecture that labor rigorous with human health, ecology and sustainability principles, such an integrate part of architectural configuration, must be in optimal proportion with other buildings’ area. The biophilic architecture combines the interests of sustainability, environmental consciousness, green areas of the large nature, and organic approaches to evolve design solutions from these requirements and from the characteristics of the site, its neighborhood context, and the local microclimate. The position of green covering and its components depends on the category of architectural functions that occur under this area. However, the interpretation and final implementation of biophilic architecture must have a regional dimension with regard to environment and culture.

Plants play an important role in the environment. The green area is the vital element for creation an optimal healthy life. The horizontal green belongs still as a matter to the vertical green of tree and some kinds of shrub, meadows field and the pattern of the green areas of biophilic architectural concept. Vegetation is used in association with the town’s buildings and streets to diminish the sun, wind, and pollution effects. Climate decides the form and the component of plants, which can help in creating the necessary of adaptation to clime consequence. The plants are fundamental for our existence; it is the green plants that absorb energy derived from sunlight and synthesize the organic material that is vital for all life. The nature of our exclusive rights and origin is totally commonplace, that we ourselves are part of nature, it not only exists outside of that and us we are not beyond it, we shall see to the ground, showing the respect.

The soil is a cover of unconsolidated substance initiate at the earth’s surface that has been influenced by the soil forming factors: climate, relief, parent material, time, and organisms. Soil is the basic substrate on which all life depends. The soil physical properties (texture, structure and organic matter) control the total pore space and pore size sharing in soil. Water movement in soil occurs under saturated and unsaturated conditions though soil pores. We need to determine the physical properties of the soil because they are key to allowing roots to grow and to that all—important balance between air and water in the soil. Soil itself is very complex. It would be very mistaken to consider that the soils as just a compilation of fine mineral. Soil also contains air, water, dead organic substance, and a variety of categories of living organisms.

Water is very important for a life. All being needs water to be in a living. Plants must have enough water to live, grow, and reproduce. The nature and amount of precipitation, and its seasonal distribution, are all important for plant growth. The rate of absorption of water by the roots, the allocation of water within the plant itself, and the effortlessness of passage through the stomata (pores) of the leaves are exaggerated by the surrounding temperature and humidity. Irrigation is the artificial obedience of water to the soil regularly for assisting in growing crops. Irrigation has been around for as long as humans have been cultivating plants. Human’s first invention after he learned how to grow plant from seeds was perhaps a bucket. Choosing of the competent irrigation system management requires knowledge of equipment, system design, plant species, growth stage, root structure, soil composition, texture, and land formation. Irrigation systems should encourage plant growth while minimizing salt imbalances, leaf burns, soil erosion, and water loss.

Different climatic zones can be distinguished from the equator to the poles using temperature conditions alone. Here, a simple division into three zones has been chosen using the same temperature boundaries on the map of the climatic regions so that only the arid and semi-arid climatic region falls into more than one climatic zone. Biophilic architectures are still often seen as an unadulterated esthetical element in architecture, as a spleen of some “greenies”. In fact, green areas by now contribute, to some extent, to a better microclimate through evaporation, filtering of dust from the air and reduction in temperatures at the buildings surface. Good biophilic architects plan their planting to avoid unfavorable local microclimates avoiding frost pockets for sensitive crops, and allowing for the effect of aspect on temperature or water balance. They can also try to make new microclimates, which will favor the plants they are growing. Shelterbelts of planted trees or bushes create a drag that slows down the drying or cooling winds that blow across architectural volume.

Our Earth is warming more rapidly than it has in the past according to the research of scientists. Hot summer days may be quite typical of climates in many regions of the world, but global warming is causing earth’s average global temperature to increase. Climate has a big influence of human activities. Global warming will signify that numerous native and iconic plants may no longer locate suitable climate conditions in main portions of their significant variety. One of the most important subjects for our study in the lead of biophilic architecture is to show how we can discover the best possible manner to realize our earth greener, sustainable, and to help the human to live in healthy framework. Therefore, we are plight to start with the global effect of climate change which result from the incorrect using of human resource and distorted the large area of our planet for creates our cities but we have to start from the beginning. The impact of climate change on gardening is possible to have extensive effects on the normal domestic garden and the numerous historic gardens around the world.

Air temperatures in cities, particularly after sunset, can be warmer than the air in neighboring (city periphery). Therefore, the temperature on the earth surfaces increases surprisingly up to 60°C. An urban heat island (UHI) is a metropolitan area, which is significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas. The annual indicate air temperature of a city with 1 million people or more can be 1–6°C warmer than its surroundings. In the evening, the difference can be as high as 12°C. The major reason of the UHI is change of the land surface by urban progress; waste heat creates by energy usage is a secondary contributor. As inhabitants centers grow they are inclined to adjust a greater and greater area of land and include an equivalent amplify in average temperature. It is clear today to observe that the negative effect of UHI in the center of many arid climates cities, over physical frameworks of the city; we can sense the typical UHI phenomenon by a large negative effect on summer.

Green areas provide always the important environmental and human health benefits which cover a large area of advantage and benefits that can, e.g., ameliorate the urban island effect especially in hot climates and relieve the damage on the ecology of the city: principally concerning microclimate, rainwater retention and filtering of airborne pollutant lowering energy expenditures, purifying the air, reducing storm water runoff, longer durability of the roof skin, due to lower surface temperatures and better protection against UV radiation, creation of recreation areas in parts of the city, esthetical improvements in denaturalized urban centers and many others. Green areas have significant acoustical benefits as well. It has a higher weight consequence in an amplified sound insulation of the buildings system. Green areas insulate buildings by preventing heat from moving throughout the climatic skin areas.

The leaves absorb the carbon dioxide and water vapor that, with the help of light energy, are converted to carbohydrates, and aid the release of energy in atmosphere by the plant by taking in oxygen for respiration. During photosynthesis, the absorbed carbon dioxide and the energy from sunlight are broken down into carbon and oxygen, which are released into the atmosphere. The air quality of a site can be enhanced by ensuring that winds can cleanse it and through the employ of vegetation. Sunlight plays a great deal of larger responsibility in our sustenance than we could be expecting all the food we eat and all the fossil fuel we utilize is a product of photosynthesis, which is the process that converts energy in sunlight to chemical forms of energy that can be employed by biological structures. The carbon is incorporated into the tree’s growth. Because of transpiration and shading, the air surrounding a tree can be around 5°C cooler than its environment. Tree-shaded neighborhoods can be up to 3.5°C cooler than those without trees.

Evapotranspiration is one of two important ‘latent heat’ effects in green areas. This process is only important in warm months. It will have a noticeable impact on the heat gain and loss of a building, as well as the humidity, air quality and reflected heat in the surrounding neighborhood. The effect is to actively cool the air immediately over the roof surface. Therefore, green areas are more effective than reflective roofs in combating problems related to the ‘urban heat island effect. Evaporation from vegetation is usually specified a more precise term evapotranspiration or ET for short. The evaporation part of ET is included of the return of water back to the atmosphere throughout direct evaporative loss from the soil surface, rank water (depression storage), and water on surfaces (catch water) such as leaves and/or roofs. A green areas can help to increase the thermal performance of a building by keeping the temperature within the building cooler in summer months, therefore, reducing air-conditioning costs.

The biophilia hypothesis asserts that people have an evolved affinity for other life, and the implementation of biophilic architecture may serve to further acceptance by laypeople of that essentially biological hypothesis. Biophilic structure on the earth is a valued and appreciated part of life, where areas and human carrier green is not only an excellent synthesis of both qualitative and quantitative research that documents the bond between people and plants, it is a synthesis of the life’s work and thinking of one of the most important figures in people–plant relationships. Psychological health arises from being in a more preferred environment. Therefore, psychological health can be expected to increase with contact with more preferred, i.e., more natural, environments. A collaborative socio-ecological advance between health and environmental management sectors is required to ensure that contact with nature is integral to sustainable development strategies for local and total urban communities.

The green components of architectural elements coating is typical of old vernacular architecture in rural areas, although it may also be found within city areas. The roof is normally roofed with a coating of waterproofing material, subsequently with soil or another planting middle, and planted with grasses, flowers, groundcover, or still shrubs and trees. A green roof is a conventional roof that is covered with a stratum of vegetation. It involves growing plants on rooftop, thus replacing the vegetated foot print that was shattered when the building was constructed. The plantings can dish up as natural insulation, diminish manure system loads and air pollution, and oppose the heat island effect and climate changing. In general, the term specifies for any roof covered with a growth substrate with plants growing on it, and as such, green roofs vary enormously in their type and function. At the same time, as it is exactly as green as the plants that cultivate there, it is also “green” in the earth-friendly sense.

A green wall or vertical garden is usually a part of construction and consists of some sort of vegetation. An analysis in history illustrates that green walls are not recent expertise but be able to present several benefits as a part of current urban mean. Plants have been utilizes to wrap walls from the time when the hanging gardens of Babylon and the beginning. The green wall affords an ergonomically beneficial situation to effective in the vertical plane. This is mainly right at what time an edible harvest wall is installed. Plants have found an address on walls for centuries, but are from time to time incompatible with architecture, often breaking down the structural integrity of a building’s elevation. Green wall may take a vary shape and size depending on the wall’s scale and the plants selected. It can be a spectacular design statement for the climatic skin surfaces or intermediary spaces. Green Walls, be able to be a civic display of beauty, art, expression and presently as significant as green roofs.

One of human body reaction in environment consists in achievement of the adaptation poise by building a protective cover. This behavior attitude, observed in human, has one of the explication in neoteny, fetal nature of species. The protective cover appears thus as a retort of the bio-psychics internees, understood as orientation to the shelter state. Between the human and the protective space, always is set up a relation of mutual and permanent character, where the man’s interest is to create the necessary poise to his different well-unfolded activities, under that cover as space. The new movement aims to create environment friendly, energy efficient buildings and developments by effectively managing natural resources. This path will discover a far deeper integration of nature with the built environment and the potential synergies in exchanging energy and nutrients across the human–nature interface.

People in traditional cultures are acquainted with how to build the buildings they want. Every architectural space reflects a human necessity. Solution is by easily using this space. Vernacular architecture, initially used to justify the rationalist approach to architectural design, was used later to criticize the results of that approach. Community in old cultures and cavitations are familiar with how to construct the buildings they wish. Every architectural space reflects a human need. Over the years, throughout experiment, mistake, reflection, and new trials, building traditions have developed that integrate materials, climate, other physical constraints, and cultural practice into architectural forms that meet the needs of the individuals and groups. People in these cultures, although have developed spoken and written means of codifying building traditions, know how to transmit this knowledge from one generation to the next. They rely more often on spoken instruction and demonstration than on printed materials.

Specific house volume in hot climate reflects the necessity to achieve a thermal comfort. All buildings and volumes in Basrah are created to produce a shadow, which helps to move the air by natural movement to the deep superior side that can be achieved through special holes. Buildings are compact with interior courtyard; the streets are sinuous and pass through houses volumes. The shady interior courtyard has the effect that the rooms do not communicate directly with the overheated air outside, but through intermediate buffer spaces. In the mean time between courtyard and street, at least a wall or a building is always interposed. The old builders from this region had put a big effort to create bioclimatic habitats that corresponds to the negative effects of regions climate. The buildings have covered with a brick. Their windows are often protected from the appalling hot region heat by long, broad shutters held open by adjustable iron struts, a special feature of specific architecture. Wooden doors are studded with iron, and are decorated with knockers of brass.

The one wing house is a type of house that goes back to the Iron Age, c. 2000

bc

. Tracks in the ground found all over Denmark show that the house was always orientated east/west—possible as a protection for strong winds from west. Cattle and people lived together under the same roof separated in each end of the house by a central entrance area. The outer walls were built as a timber farm construction rigidly fixed in the earth and filled with mud and branches. A ridge beam construction held the thatched roof. The one-winged farmhouse, with roots in the Iron Age house, can still be seen in many parts of Scandinavian countries. In the middle age, the multi wing farmhouse is developed systematically together with the agriculture in Denmark and could appear with two to four wings organized around a central courtyard.

The first step toward a bioclimatic sustainable building is creating a competent and suitable local microclimate supported by handling the power of negative climate variety. A local microclimate is a climate of a small geographic region considered with reference to the general climate. Existing winds, sun, noise and sources of pollution all can affect the environmental comfort level of user of open and architectural spaces. The next step on passive bioclimatic building is to reflect the energy distribution on the building form and volume, where the energy distribution is obliged to correspond with the function and activity in those spaces; this is important regarding the thermal level for different building spaces. Every residential site is site definite as to its location, organisms, vegetation, solar access, and its microclimate. The ecologic plan is how to conserve and keep going the organic life of the site with the smallest amount disruption in project development and design.

Insulation is defined as a material or combination of materials, which retard the flow of heat. The materials can be adapted to any size, shape or surface, and forms. The energy saving concept consist much in effective thermal insulation which is vital for the accomplishment of the building development. By this means, heat losses of gains can be significant reduced. The reduction of heat losses in winter provides saving in heating costs and the reduction of heat gain in summer will reduce the cost of cooling; somewhere, summer air conditioning is provided. Building materials and particularly thermal insulation engage in recreation, an important role in both the consumption and conservation of energy. Passive buildings need a compact layer of insulation, which guarantees for both low heat losses and a high level of thermal comfort.

In this chapter, we will present the most significant technique to reduce the energy consumption and to enhance energy saving. Green cover is the central support to save energy. Better-insulated structures need a smaller amount of energy to heat and cool than those that are not comparably insulated. The curtain wall is the other means to save energy. Curtain wall is not proposed to supporter in maintaining the structural integrity of a building. Deceased loads and live loads are thus not proposed to be transferred via the curtain wall to the foundations. Heat recovery system is a fundamental technique to save energy. The energy recovery system is intended to provide continuous or timed ventilation throughout a building, and to recover the energy carried in the exhausted stale air. Architect can utilize energy break concept by moving a flux of suitable air from the underground space by means of the double skin façade to generate a thermal obstacle, to stop or annihilate the transfer of energy interior to exterior and inverse for cold climate situation and hot climate.

In buildings, low solar heat gain coefficient through windows glass should be used on east and west orientations, while high glazing should be used when passive solar and day lighting are being utilized. Today’s window technologies can replace more primitive strategies for shielding interior spaces from unwanted sunlight, such as tinted windows and curtains. In reality, the serious lighting designer cannot take any notice of the energy implications of window choices. New technologies help to resolve the historic problem of the transaction between windows that reflect unwanted solar gains in the summer and those that admit a maximum quantity of useful light. A well-designed windows and shading devices allow solar heat gain in winter and shade and ventilation in summer while providing enough day lighting. Solar gain achieved by heaving 60% of the building’s windows orientated correctly can reduce the heating load of a building by ≈20%.

The illumination values are the first quantitative parameter that must be verified to establish the visual comfort conditions in an internal environment. From the architectural point of view, the luminous ambience is defined as the part played by light in the way an environment influences a subject. The pyramids were built as the spectacular tombs of the three pharaohs of ancient Egypt, which are the only one of the Seven Wonders of the World that has withstood the damage of time. Sun–skylight enters the tube through a clear dome on the roof and reflects down the tube and into the interior spaces. All one sees from inside is a white ceiling-mounted dome. The sun–skylight tube is installed as the crow flies up through the roof regardless of roof slope. The tube is similar to skylights, but takes up less space and is more effective at directing sunlight down into the building.

The idea of guiding a light through transparent arteries is not new. It was demonstrated by John Tyndall in 1870 to fellow members of the Royal Society. He demonstrated how light would follow a curved jet of water, and many years later John L. Baird filed patents covering the transmission of light in glass rode in connection with the early development of television. However, these first beginnings were temporarily delayed as large losses of light occurred due to the absence of any optical protective clothing. It was not until the late 1960 that the coatings were developed which would allow long runs with small light losses. The primary reason for the evolution of arteries optics was a response to the demands of the communications industry, which today is the major consumer of arteries optic material. The arteries optic lamps that were prevalent in the 1960s were the product of small revolving colors wheels. Now, the requirement is to develop this strategy of illumination to be useful for our new buildings.

The concepts of light shelves function consists of windows that have face toward the sun that receive a vast quantity of energy that could be used for day lighting. A light shelf is a horizontal light-reflecting overhang placed on top of it. This devise, which is most effective on southern orientations, improves daylight penetration, creates shading near the window, and helps reduce window glare. Exterior shelves are more effective shading devices than interior shelves. It is an architectural element that permits daylight to enter deep into a building. This horizontal light-reflecting overhang is placed above eye-level and has a high-reflectance upper surface. This surface is then used to reflect daylight onto the ceiling and deeper into a space. The vital role of light shelf is a bioclimatic device that permits daylight to enter deep into a building. A combination of exterior and interior will work best in providing an even illumination gradient. As with any kind of daylight, entering the space becomes heat energy.

Direct sun can generate the same heat as a single bar radiator over each square meter of a surface. Shading can cool up to 90% of this heat. The big problem is that sunlight is a direct source of heat and the radiant heat from the sun passes through glass and is absorbed by building elements and furnishings, which then re-radiate it. Shading is the first step toward natural cooling in building systems. The starting point of cooling building systems is preventing sunlight from entering the building in warm periods. A shade is like putting a hat on a building. Shading must be the first line of defense against excessive heat gain. Shading in hot climate is vital. While there is no dispute about the general benefit of shading, nailing down the actual savings can be difficult. The highest priority must be placed on the surfaces that receive the most summer heat; that is, usually the east and west. The best shading occurs before the sun’s heat reaches the building. Shading is a very important method of stopping heat gain and unwanted direct sunlight by diverting the sun’s rays before entering the building. This can be accomplished with fixed and adjustable shading. Shading of the building and outer spaces can: (1) Reduce summer temperatures; (2) improve thermal comfort; (3) save building energy.

Openings in the building are mostly windows and doors. Air movement can be afforded by the wind, by the stack effect, or by a fan. Much work has been done analyzing the effects of different window placement and building design for maximizing air movement under the pressure of the wind. Ventilation is most effective when the building is moderately low or only one room in depth. It is also vital that windows be situated on opposite walls to give confidence cross ventilation. Buildings can be orientated to allow maximum breezes exposure on summer. While the walls, interior layout and window placement are important for efficient breezes circulation. The traditional house is ventilated mostly through cracks. The corresponding heat loss is a relatively large part of the total heat loss from a well-insulated building.

The most familiar example of this is the cooling effect of evaporating perspiration on the human skin. Early examples of such evaporative air conditioning were used centuries ago in the Middle East, notably Iraq, Iran, Turkey. Human has developed a board rang of passive cooling techniques in various parts of the world up to a very impressive level of maturity: cliff dwellings through the world (ground cooling), wind towers (convective and mass cooling), sprinkling water with fountains (evaporative cooling), and whitewash (sun protection). The concept of evaporative cooling is that when water evaporates, it absorbs a large quantity of heat from its surroundings. Evaporation occurs at whatever time the vapor pressure of water is lesser that the water vapor in the surrounding atmosphere. The phase change of water from liquid to the vapor state is accompanied by the release of a large quantity of sensible heat from the air that lowers the temperature of air while its moisture comfortable increases.

Cooling by indirect evaporative system can be fashioned to reduce the external air temperature. This is characteristically accomplished in swine conveniences with evaporative cooling pads. As air is drawn through wet cooling pads, water is evaporated into the air causing the temperature to be reduced at the same time as increasing the moisture level. Indirect evaporative cooling techniques include roof spray and roof bond systems, earth cooling tubes. Night spray for example on roof surface cools water by evaporation and radiation to 5–8°C below minimum night air temperature. This cools the roof surface, and a temperature gradient is created between the inside and outside surfaces causing cooling of the building.

Many of us had percept the positive thermal effect of the underground tunnels by traveling through the underground train. It is important to understand that soil temperatures during the summer at certain depths are considerably lower than ambient air temperature, thus provide an important source for dissipation of buildings excess heat. We can used this phenomenon to create and reach a passive cooling system by making an underground chamber which stores cool air. This method of cooling is cost effective, not damaging to the environment, and is a natural way to cool off. The air cools in the chamber overnight, and is circulated through the building during the heat of the day. Earth sheltering achieves cooling by conduction where a part of the building envelope is in direct contact with the soil. Underground spaces offer many additional advantages including protection from noise, dust, radiation and storms, limited air infiltration. The concept of earth cooling uses the thermal inertia of the earth to maintain internal temperatures below ambient in summer.

Passive heating is the term used to describe the energy, which is provided naturally by the sun, without any assistance from an artificial source. Solar heating energy is a radiant heat causes natural processes upon which all life depends. Some of the natural phenomenon can be managed through building design in a manner that helps in heating and cooling the building. The basic natural phenomenon’s that are used in passive solar heating energy are the thermal energy flows associated with radiation, conduction, and natural convection. When sunlight strike a building, the building materials can reflect, transmit, or absorb the solar radiation. Dark colors absorb extra sun energy that light colors do. Light interiors reflect more light and decrease lighting requirements. In addition, the heat produced by the sun causes air movement that can be expected in designed spaces. These basic responses to solar heat lead to design elements, material choices, and placements that can provide heating and cooling effects in a building.

To utilize the sun’s energy into sustainable building, it must be collected, stored, and then distributed at the appropriate time. This process must be controlled, and an auxiliary heater provided for the time when there is not sufficient solar energy available or stored to satisfy the heating load. The discussion below, however, concentrates on space-heating systems, though most of the elements discussed are directly applicable in systems. All materials can store heat to some degree, but a good storage medium material must absorb heat when it is available, and give it up when it is needed, and it must be a relatively good heat conductor. The sun’s energy can be effectively used to temper outdoor intake of air for ventilation through a sunspace and to exhaust indoor air by the inductive stack action of a solar chimney. Sunspace known by many names, such as, solar room, greenhouse, and solarium is a versatile approach to passive solar heating.

Passive heating systems correspond to an environmentally friendly method of a human healthy building. There is no electricity consumed with electric fans and no emissions produced with burning fossil fuels. To simplify a contrast of the difference between the concepts involved in indirect and direct heat gain systems, the direct heating approach uses a transparent wall to allow solar radiation to enter the space requiring heating. The energy is absorbed and stored by the areas of thermal mass is strikes. The thermal mass is isolated from the external climate by an insulating envelope. The thermal mass then heats the room by radiation and convection. The indirect approach employs external building elements to absorb the solar radiation. These building elements are massive and have no thermal barrier so that the energy absorbed travels by conduction to the internal surface.

Architecture is a major element of human life. It is a major concern, a major purchase, and has a major effect upon our life. We spend over 90% of our time indoors. Mainly, our present technologic archetype of architecture is a composite of materials, energy, and systems synergistically counter to human vitality and health. The architecture should be examined, though in bioclimatic design it becomes a system or subsystem. Although the holistic integration of systems is critical to bioclimatic architecture, every system within the system has its climatic advantage or disadvantage.