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2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

18. Can the BRICS Re-Open the “Gateway to Africa”? South Africa’s Contradictory Facilitation of Divergent Brazilian, Russian, Indian and Chinese Interests

verfasst von : Patrick Bond

Erschienen in: Africa and the World

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Chapter 18 claims that the BRICS network has been presented as an “alternative” to exploitative global multilateralism, whereas Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa are in fact junior partners in perpetuating the under-development of Africa. According to the author, the BRICS stand accused of under-developing Africa in several respects, a process amplified by roller-coaster commodity price changes. Nonetheless, the author notes that some scholars think the BRICS have to a greater extent impacted the global order by driving some change in the procedural values of multilateralism.

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Fußnoten
1
See for example Patrick Bond, Looting Africa (London: Zed, 2006). For background on the framing, see also Immanuel Wallerstein, Semi-Peripheral Countries and the Contemporary World Crisis (New York: Academic, 1974); Immanuel Wallerstein, The Capitalist World Economy (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997).
 
2
Joseph Stiglitz, “Trump Economy Hurts Workers”, Project Syndicate, 12 December 2016, https://​www.​project-syndicate.​org/​commentary/​trump-economy-hurts-workers-by-joseph-e--stiglitz-2016-12
 
4
“I Know Who Are the Witches at Work”, Politicsweb, 19 November 2016, http://​www.​politicsweb.​co.​za/​news-and-analysis/​i-know-who-are-the-witches-at-work--jacob-zuma; “Watch He-He-He: Zuma Forgets BRICS Enemies in Parly”, Citizen, 25 November 2016, http://​citizen.​co.​za/​news/​news-eish/​1356987/​watch-he-he-he-zuma-forgets-bricsenemies-in-parly
 
5
Patrick Bond, “The Washington-Pretoria-TelAviv Relay”, Counterpunch, 15 August 2014, http://​www.​counterpunch.​org/​2014/​08/​15/​the-washington-pretoria-tel-aviv-relay
 
6
Anthoni van Nieuwkerk, “A Review of South Africa’s Peace Diplomacy Since 1994”, in Chris Landsberg and Jo-Ansie van Wyk (eds.), South African Foreign Policy Review (Pretoria: Africa Institute of South Africa; and Midrand: Institute for Global Dialogue, 2012).
 
7
Patrick Bond, “The Washington-Pretoria-TelAviv Relay”, Counterpunch, 15 August 2014, http://​www.​counterpunch.​org/​2014/​08/​15/​the-washington-pretoria-tel-aviv-relay
 
8
Joanna Skrzypczyńska, “BRICS’ Stance in WTO”, Revolutions: Global Trends & Regional Issues 3(1) (2015), pp. 46–62, http://​www.​academia.​edu/​22838328/​Joanna_​Skrzypczyńska_​BRICS_​STANCE_​IN_​WTO
 
9
Patrick Bond, Talk Left Walk Right (Pietermaritzburg: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press, 2006).
 
10
Chagravati Raghavan, “Doha SU Diminished, Not Dead, and Retrievable”, Third World News Network, 23 December 2015, http://​www.​twn.​my/​title2/​wto.​info/​2015/​ti151222.​htm
 
11
Horace Campbell, “The Deathbed of the WTO”, CounterPunch, 1 January 2016, http://​www.​counterpunch.​org/​2016/​01/​01/​the-deathbed-of-the-wto/​
 
12
Roberto Azevêdo, “The Future of the WTO Doha Round of Trade Negotiations and the Implications for Africa’s Regional Integration”, University of Cape Town seminar, https://​www.​wto.​org/​english/​news_​e/​spra_​e/​spra114_​e.​htm
 
13
Ana Garcia, BRICS in Africa: More of the Same? (Rio de Janeiro: Oxfam Brasil and PACS, 2016), https://​issuu.​com/​pacscomunicacao/​docs/​publicao_​africa-brics-en
 
14
Oscar Reyes, “Seven Wrinkles in the Paris Climate Deal”, Foreign Policy in Focus, 14 December 2015, http://​fpif.​org/​seven-wrinkles-paris-climate-deal/
 
15
Susan Galleymore, “The World Bank and the Four Horsemen of Climate Change: Apocalypse Now?”, The Oil Drum, 5 April 2010, http://​www.​theoildrum.​com/​node/​6357
 
16
Patrick Bond, Politics of Climate Justice (Pietermaritzburg: UKZN, 2012).
 
17
Todd Stern, “Durban Wrap-Up: United States State Department Email to Hillary Rodham Clinton”, WikiLeaks, 31 December 2011, https://​wikileaks.​org/​clinton-emails/​emailid/​24887
 
18
Patrick Bond, Elite Transition (London: Pluto Press 2014).
 
19
Patrick Bond and Ana Garcia (eds.), BRICS (Johannesburg: Jacana, 2015).
 
20
World Bank, The Little Green Data Book (Washington, DC, 2014).
 
21
Padraig Carmody, The Rise of the BRICS in Africa (London: Zed, 2013); Tom Burgis, The Looting Machine (London: William Collins, 2015).
 
22
John Saul and Patrick Bond, South Africa: The Present as History (Oxford: James Currey Press, 2014).
 
23
Marius Fransman, “South Africa: A Strong African Brick in BRICS”, Stellenbosch University, 20 November 2012, http://​www.​gegafrica.​org/​news/​south-africa-a-strong-african-brick-in-brics
 
24
International Monetary Fund, Article IV Consultation—South Africa 2016 (Washington, D.C., July 2016).
 
25
Leonce Ndikumana, Integrated Yet Marginalised: Implications of Globalisation for African Development (Amherst: Political Economy Research Institute, 2015), p. 1.
 
26
Simon Mevel, Siope Ofa, and Stephen Karingi, “Quantifying Illicit Financial Flows from Africa Through Trade Mis-Pricing and Assessing Their Incidence on African Economies”, United Nations Economic Commission for Africa presentation to the African Economic Conference, Johannesburg (28–30 October 2013), http://​www.​afdb.​org/​en/​aec/​papers/​paper/​quantifying-illicit-financial-flows-from-africa-through-trade-mis-pricing-and-assessing-their-incidence-on-african-economies-945
 
27
Thabo Mbeki, “Track it! Stop it! Get it! Illicit Financial Flow, Report of the High Level Panel on Illicit Financial Flows from Africa”, UNECA, 2015, http://​www.​uneca.​org/​iff
 
28
Dev Kar and Joseph Spanjers, “Illicit Financial Flows from Developing Countries: 2004–2013”, Global Financial Integrity Report (December 2015), https://​financialtranspa​rency.​org/​wp-content/​uploads/​2015/​12/​IFF-Update_​2015-Final.​pdf
 
30
IMF, Article IV Consultation—South Africa, 2016 (Washington: International Monetary Fund, July 2016).
 
31
Kar and Spanjers, “Illicit Financial Flows”. See also Emmanuel Mayah, Jeff Mbanga, Francis Kokutse, and Nick Mathiason, “Ramaphosa and MTN’s Offshore Stash”, Mail & Guardian (London), 8 October 2015, http://​amabhungane.​co.​za/​article/​2015-10-08-ramaphosa-and-mtns-offshore-stash
 
32
Theodore Trefon, “Congo Masquerade: DRC in the Panana Papers”, Congo Masquerade, 5 April 2016, http://​congomasquerade.​blogspot.​com/​2016/​04/​drc-in-panana-papers.​html. See also Simon Allison, “South African Peacekeepers Accused of Failing to Prevent DRC Massacre”, Daily Maverick, 21 January 2016, https://​www.​dailymaverick.​co.​za/​article/​2016-01-21-south-african-peacekeepers-accused-of-failing-to-prevent-drc-massacre/​#.​WLFrPvl95PY
 
33
Stratfor, “Monography for Comment: South Africa”, 5 May 2009, http://​search.​wikileaks.​org/​gifiles/​?​viewemailid=​951571
 
34
Stefaans Brümmer and Craig McKune, “US Probe Links Cape Tycoon to Mining Rights Bribery in Africa”, Mail & Guardian (London), 8 August 2016, http://​amabhungane.​co.​za/​article/​2016-08-18-00-us-probe-links-cape-tycoon-to-mining-rights-bribery-in-africa
 
35
Richard Poplak, “Chronicle of a Banking Scandal Foretold”, Daily Maverick, 21 February 2017, https://​www.​dailymaverick.​co.​za/​article/​2017-02-21-trainspotter-chronicle-of-a-banking-scandal-foretold/​#.​WK0UEPJWK6I
 
36
“VEDANTA Resources Chairperson, Anil Agarwal Renders Full Apology to Zambia”, Lusaka Voice, 18 July 2014, http://​lusakavoice.​com/​2014/​07/​18/​vedanta-resources-chairperson-anil-agarwalrenders-full-apology-zambia
 
37
Rob Davies, “The Steel Industry in Crisis”, Politicsweb, 29 August 2015, http://​www.​politicsweb.​co.​za/​news-and-analysis/​the-steel-industry-in-crisis--rob-davies
 
38
Kevin Crowley, “Evraz Opposes Highveld Steel Rescue Through Court Application: Business-Rescue Practitioners Will Oppose Evraz’s Application”, Reuters, 23 October 2015, https://​www.​moneyweb.​co.​za/​news/​companies-and-deals/​evraz-opposes-highveld-steel-rescue-through-court-application
 
39
Tom Burgis, The Looting Machine (London: William Collins, 2015).
 
40
Farai Maguwu, “Marange Diamonds and Zimbabwe’s Political Transition”, Journal of Peacebuilding and Development 8(1) (2013), pp. 74–8; Patrick Bond and Khadija Sharife, “Zimbabwe’s Clogged Political Drain and Open Diamond Pipe”, Review of African Political Economy 39, no. 132 (2012), pp. 351–65; African News Agency, “Zimbabwean President Mugabe Announces 15 Million in Diamonds Looted”, Sowetan, 4 March 2016, http://​www.​sowetanlive.​co.​za/​news/​2016/​03/​04/​zimbabwean-president-mugabe-announces-15-billion-in-diamonds-looted
 
41
Reuters, “Botswana to sell struggling Chinese-built power plant”, Gaborone, 5 November 2016 http://​www.​reuters.​com/​article/​us-botswana-power-idUSKBN1300EQ
 
42
“Beijing Shows More Caution on Africa Deals”, Wall Street Journal, 7 May 2014, http://​blogs.​wsj.​com/​chinarealtime/​2014/​05/​07/​beijing-shows-more-caution-on-africa-deals
 
43
Patrick Bond, “China’s Path into Africa Blocked”, TeleSUR, 13 December 2015, http://​www.​telesurtv.​net/​english/​opinion/​Chinas-Path-into-Africa-Blocked-20151213-0004.​html
 
44
International Rivers, “Grand Inga Hydroelectric Project: An Overview”, Berkeley, 2017 https://​www.​internationalriv​ers.​org/​resources/​grand-inga-hydroelectric-project-an-overview-3356
 
45
Lionel Faull, “Exposed: Scary Details of SA’s Secret Russian Nuke Deal”, Mail & Guardian (London), 12 February 2015, http://​mg.​co.​za/​article/​2015-02-12-exposed-scary-details-of-secret-russian-nuke-deal
 
46
Thomas Ferrando, “BRICS, BITs, and land grabbing”, unpublished paper (Paris: Sciences Po Law School, 2013), http://​papers.​ssrn.​com/​sol3/​papers.​cfm?​abstract_​id=​2174455
 
47
Baruti Amisi, “BRICS Corporate Snapshots in Africa”, Pambazuka, 4 April 2014, https://​www.​pambazuka.​org/​global-south/​brics-corporate-snapshots-africa
 
48
South African National Planning Commission, Our Future—Make It Work: National Development Plan (Pretoria: Ministry in the Presidency, 2012), http://​www.​npconline.​co.​za/​pebble.​asp?​relid=​25
 
52
Samir Amin, Delinking (London: Zed, 1990).
 
53
Patrick Bond, “As Global Commodity Super-Cycle Ends, Africans Continue Uprising Against ‘Africa Rising’”, in Iraj Abedian, Patrick Bond, Charlotte du Toit, Akpan Ekpo, Lorenzo Fioramonti, Pali Leholhla, Thabo Mbeki, Lumkile Mondi, Joel Netshitenzhe, Samuel Oloruntoba, Devan Pillay, Great Recession and Its Implications for Human Values: Lessons for Africa (Johannesburg: Real African, 201), pp. 122–45.
 
Metadaten
Titel
Can the BRICS Re-Open the “Gateway to Africa”? South Africa’s Contradictory Facilitation of Divergent Brazilian, Russian, Indian and Chinese Interests
verfasst von
Patrick Bond
Copyright-Jahr
2018
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62590-4_18

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