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2018 | Buch

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Carbon Fibers

verfasst von: Soo-Jin Park

Verlag: Springer Singapore

Buchreihe : Springer Series in Materials Science

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik"

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Über dieses Buch

The updated and expanded second edition of this book explores the physical and mechanical properties of carbon fibers and their composites, their manufacture and processing, and their current and emerging applications.

Over 10 chapters, the book describes manufacturing methods, surface treatment, composite interfaces, and microstructure-property relationships with underlying fundamental physical and mechanical principles. It discusses the application of carbon materials in delivering improved performance across a diverse range of fields including sports, wind energy, oil and gas, infrastructure, defence, and the aerospace, automotive and semiconductor industries.

This new edition introduces chapters related to the manufacturing of carbon/carbon composites (C/C composites), antioxidation characteristics of C/C composites, and their applications. Furthermore, it addresses the effect of graphene and carbon nanotubes on the physical and chemical properties of carbon fibers. A final chapter looks at the emerging and future prospects for carbon fiber technology.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Chapter 1. History and Structure of Carbon Fibers

Abstract

In this chapter, we will introduce the brief overview of carbon fibers showing superior performance and comprising expensive materials. Further, the origin and history, definition and classification, manufacturing technology, and world market and industry trends in carbon fibers will be presented. Recently, carbon fibers have attracted attention for their potential use as structural materials in aerospace, sports, cars, and bridges. Also, carbon fibers have been considered as the next-generation materials in the aerospace/aviation industry, which has presented a huge opportunity to the entire supply chain of carbon fibers.

Soo-Jin Park

Chapter 2. Precursors and Manufacturing of Carbon Fibers

Abstract

In this chapter, we will present the precursors and manufacturing of carbon fibers. Among the precursors used for the production of carbon fibers, polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based and pitch-based precursors are the most important. A significant amount of work has been done on relating the fiber structure to the properties and translating that relationship into production for either reducing cost or increasing fiber properties. However, challenges, including cost reduction, improvement in tensile and compressive strength, and alternative precursor development, still remain. We will also introduce many linear and cyclic polymers for carbon fibers, which are expected to open the door for the low-cost carbon fibers.

Soo-Jin Park

Chapter 3. Matrices for Carbon Fiber Composites

Abstract

Carbon fibers have become an important reinforcing material in advanced composites because of its extremely high strength, stiffness, heat resistance, and lightweight. Fiber-reinforced polymer composites have gained substantial interest owing to their very high strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios and are widely used in aerospace, engineering, marine, and automobile industries. In this chapter, we will present the various matrices and their characterization for carbon fibers’ composites. It is described as classification into two types of thermosetting resins and thermoplastic resins.

Soo-Jin Park

Chapter 4. Surface Treatment and Sizing of Carbon Fibers

Abstract

Surface treatment and sizing for carbon fibers are discussed primarily to identify the mechanism of interphase formation. The objective of this chapter is to review the surface treatment and sizing of carbon fibers used in the manufacturing composites. The surface properties of the carbon fibers were experimentally characterized, including the chemical compositions, surface free energy, acid–base interactions, and dispersive and polar components. It will be also presented that a number of oxidizing agents and gases have been used to surface treat the carbons, such as the plasma, electrochemical oxidation, and wet chemical and thermal treatments.

Soo-Jin Park

Chapter 5. Testing of Carbon Fibers and Their Composites

Abstract

In this chapter, we will introduce an evaluation of carbon fibers and their composites with various analyses. The major types of methods of characterization techniques that work best for carbon fibers and their composite materials to understand their properties such as chemical, physical, and mechanical properties and advanced characterization methods for surface or morphology analyses such as transmission electron microscopy, scanning probe microscopy, and atomic force microscopy will be described. In addition, a concise summary of all the major characterization methodologies used on composite materials will be presented.

Soo-Jin Park

Chapter 6. Manufacture of Carbon Fiber Composites

Abstract

Currently, the use of carbon fibers and their composites in space and aerospace applications continues to grow. However, the vast majority of composite molding is used in automotive, marine, industrial, and recreational applications. In this chapter, a brief explanation of various processing methods will be provided and the manufacturing processes typically used to make products found in various applications will be covered. Further, it is classified into two types of open molding and closed molding process will be described.

Soo-Jin Park

Chapter 7. Recent Uses of Carbon Fibers

Abstract

In recent decades, the carbon fibers have found wide applications in commercial and civilian aircraft, recreational, industrial, and transportation markets. This chapter will be focused on the applications of virgin carbon fibers and carbon fiber-reinforced composites including adsorbents, molecular sieves, electrodes, catalyst, and biomedical applications. In addition, the applications of the carbon fiber-reinforced composites applied in various industries will be fully covered. Finally, we will discuss the carbon–carbon composites, which have attracted considerable attention in the aerospace and braking systems with excellent thermal behaviors.

Soo-Jin Park

Chapter 8. Carbon/Carbon Composites

Abstract

Carbon fiber-reinforced carbon matrix composites (C/C composites) have excellent properties such as specific strength and specific elastic modulus, along with excellent fatigue resistance, thermal shock resistance, ablation resistance, frictional properties, lightweight, heat/thermal conductivity, and dimensional stability. C/C composites are the materials that exhibit almost no decline in mechanical properties, even at 2000–3000 °C, when protected from oxidation. A method of directly coating the surface of the fiber, to form an oxide film on the surface of the produced composite material, and method for loading directly into the filler when producing the resin have been proposed as the method for imparting antioxidation properties typical. This chapter is a detailed review on the manufacturing methods, antioxidation properties, and applications of C/C composites.

Soo-Jin Park

Chapter 9. Novel Carbon Fibers and Their Composites

Abstract

Traditionally, the application of carbon fibers has been limited to very special fields such as aerospace and military because of their high cost. However, various techniques for low-cost carbon fibers are under development in terms of using low-cost precursors, low-cost manufacturing processes, and even functional coating methods. Moreover, future applications of carbon fibers can widen not only as structural reinforcements but also in information technology-based applications such as housings for electric devices, smart cloths, and healthcare items. In this chapter, we will cover the carbon fibers and their composites in recent various applications. In particular, these are classified as a low-cost production technique of carbon fibers for general industries, thin carbon fibers for extreme industries, and functional carbon fibers for smart composites.

Soo-Jin Park

Chapter 10. Prospective and Outlook of Carbon Fibers

Abstract

Carbon materials have been used by human beings in their living environment for a long time. In modern times, they have been widely applied as high-tech.

Soo-Jin Park

Backmatter

Titel: Carbon Fibers
verfasst von: Soo-Jin Park
Verlag: Springer Singapore
Electronic ISBN: 978-981-13-0538-2
Print ISBN: 978-981-13-0537-5
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0538-2

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