17. Case Studies on the Architectural Integration of Photobioreactors in Building Façades

The research presented addresses the production of biomass in architectural facade, making these facades photobioreactors, PBRs, of micro algae cultivation. These aquatic microorganisms and simple structures grow from the process of photosynthesis and absorption of CO₂. The integration of what up to now was an industrial system in the architectural envelope opens new and interesting alternatives to renewable energies. We present different cases of PBRs on façades, with both new construction and renovation or energy-efficient rehabilitation. In all the examples, currently under development, it has sought a central objective economic feasibility and energy productivity. The designs range from simple and easily standard proposals done with existing materials in the market and economic assembly, to unique designs, with manufacturing singled out, which bring high representative value. The entire catalog of architectural design solutions is accompanied by industrial systems similar to those described for operation as PBR. In the study costs of façades transformed into PBRs are compared to standard façades achieving highly competitive values at a certain scale factor. Other factor developed is the increase of thermal regulation in the interior of a building because of the isolation produced by the inclusion of architectural PBRs and circulating water with microorganisms in the constructive elements of the models. Again the results open a promising future to this new concept of facades increasing both passive and active energetic values.