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Erschienen in:
2019 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel
9. Chemical Attack
verfasst von : Akhtar Surahyo
Erschienen in: Concrete Construction
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Abstract
In general, concrete has a low resistance to chemical attack. There are several chemical agents, which react with concrete. Deterioration is usually caused by the chemical reaction between the hardened cement constituents of concrete and the chemicals of a solution. The factors which accelerate or aggravate chemical attack on concrete are usually high porosity, cracks, leaching, and liquid penetration due to flowing liquid or ponding or hydraulic pressure. Thus, where chemical attack of concrete is expected, special precautions should be taken with the choice of cement, aggregates, and use of admixtures. The resistance to chemical attack improves with increased impermeability and with additional provision of membranes and protective barrier systems.
This chapter highlights the common forms of chemical attack on concrete and reinforcement, and their possible deteriorated effects with suggested protective measures meeting various international standards. The forms of chemical attacks on concrete discussed are chloride attack, sulphate attack, carbonation, alkali-aggregate reaction, and acid attack.