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1991 | Buch

Buchtitelbild

Classification, Data Analysis, and Knowledge Organization

Models and Methods with Applications

herausgegeben von: Professor Dr. Hans-Hermann Bock, Professor Dr. Peter Ihm

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Buchreihe : Studies in Classification, Data Analysis, and Knowledge Organization

Enthalten in: Professional Book Archive

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Über dieses Buch

In science, industry, public administration and documentation centers large amounts of data and information are collected which must be analyzed, ordered, visualized, classified and stored efficiently in order to be useful for practical applications. This volume contains 50 selected theoretical and applied papers presenting a wealth of new and innovative ideas, methods, models and systems which can be used for this purpose. It combines papers and strategies from two main streams of research in an interdisciplinary, dynamic and exciting way: On the one hand, mathematical and statistical methods are described which allow a quantitative analysis of data, provide strategies for classifying objects or making exploratory searches for interesting structures, and give ways to make comprehensive graphical displays of large arrays of data. On the other hand, papers related to information sciences, informatics and data bank systems provide powerful tools for representing, modelling, storing and retrieving facts, data and knowledge characterized by qualitative descriptors, semantic relations, or linguistic concepts. The integration of both fields and a special part on applied problems from biology, medicine, archeology, industry and administration assure that this volume will be informative and useful for theory and practice.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Mathematical and Statistical Methods for Classification and Data Analysis

Frontmatter

Knowledge Organization, Data Bases, and Information Retrieval

Frontmatter

Modelling, representation and organization of conceptual knowledge

Decentralized Modelling of Data and Relationships in Enterprises
Abstract
Modelling of data in enterprises is based on concepts like customer, supplier, order etc, and their fundamental relationships. Content and structure of these concepts must be standardised in order to support information flow between the different departements of a firm.
Standardizaton is a very cumbersome process and results in a datamodell, which doe’s not reflect the special needs of decentralized business units. A decentralized datamodelling therefore will lead to similiar, but finally different concepts.
In order to adapt the different contents and structures automatically, the differences must be known by machine. This may happen, if one restricts the modelling of data to a limited number of well known constructors, i.e. identification, generalization and spezification.
Hans Czap
A Contribution to the Examination of Semantic Relations between Lexemes
Abstract
The problem of how to examine the structure of the lexical system (i.e. the word stock of a language) has often been the subject of linguistic investigation. Different properties of lexical units have been used in rather different methods to structure mostly relatively small lexical sub domains (cf. AGRICOLA, FLEISCHER, PROTZE (1969)); the properties considered — if they were considered as quantitative properties at all — were then examined at most on an ordinal scale.
R. Hammerl
A Mathematical Model for Conceptual Knowledge Systems
Abstract
Objects, attributes, and concepts are basic notions of conceptal knowledge; they are linked by the following four basic relations : an object has an attribute, an object belongs to a concept, an attribute abstracts from a concept, and a concept is a subconcept of another concept. These structural elements are well mathematized in formal concept analysis. Therefore, conceptual knowledge systems can be mathematically modelled in the frame of formal concept analysis. How such modelling may be performed is indicated by an example of a conceptual knowledge system. The formal definition of the model finally clarifies in which ways representation, inference, acquisition, and communication of conceptual knowledge can be mathematically treated.
Peter Luksch, Rudolf Wille
Compositional Semantics and Concept Representation
Abstract
Concept systems are not only used in the sciences, but also in secondary supporting fields, e. g. in libraries, in documentation, in terminology and increasingly also in knowledge representation. It is suggested that the development of concept systems be based on semantic analysis. Methodical steps are described. The principle of morpho-syntactic composition in semantics will serve as a theoretical basis for the suggested method. The implications and limitations of this principle will be demonstrated.
G. Rahmstorf

Data bases, expert systems, information retrieval, and library systems

Small and Beautiful ?
Some remarks on evaluating microcomputer based library systems
Abstract
The paper serves as an introduction for the presentation of different microcomputer-based library systems and suggests selected criteria for their evaluation by librarians working with rather small amounts of data and not beeing actively integrated in the structures of regional bibliographic networks or of complex local applications. The issue of different system environments for library use is beeing discussed in order to indicate the limits of this undertaking. The criteria developped are: Capacity of generating (1), concepts of data-maintenance, data-access and procedures providing the homogenity of data (2), functions related to cataloguing and subject indexing of bibliographic material (3), retrieval-oriented functions (4), aspects of ergonomy and documentation (5), functions and interfaces for data-exchange (6). The aspects of generating capacity and of functions related to data-exchange are given particular attention.
S. Gradmann
A Tool for Validating PROLOG Programs
Abstract
We analyze program data of a knowledge base encoded in Prolog. The aim is to classify the program clauses into rules and facts that are inconsistent, unfireable or unnecessary and those that pass without objections. Three complementary analysis steps are described and illustrated by small examples. We also discuss aspects of implementation and show how the original clauses have to be normalized in order to simplify processing. In the outlook it is indicated how the scope of the existing version will be expanded in the future.
R. Kiel, M. Schader
On the Database Component in the Knowledge-based System WIMDAS
Abstract
The knowledge-based system WIMDAS uses a relational database (Oracle) for storing data and internal information. We describe its organization and how it is fitted into the system. In particular, we discuss the implementation of the interfaces between database and the other system components.
S. Marx, M. Schader
Information Retrieval Techniques in Rule-based Expert Systems
Abstract
In rule-based expert systems knowledge is represented in an IF-THEN form: IF <set of conditions> THEN <decision>. A limited subset of natural language — supplemented by specified relations and operators — is used to formulate the rules. Rule syntax is simple. This makes it easy to acquire knowledge through an expert and permits plausibility checks on the knowledge base without the expert having knowledge of the implementation language or details of the system. A number of steps are used to select suitable rules during the rule-matching process. It is noteworthy that rules are well structured documents for an information retrieval system, particularly since the number of rules in a rule-based system remains manageable. In this paper it will be shown that this permits automatic processing of the rule set by methods of information retrieval (i.e. automatic indexing and automatic classification of rules, automatic thesaurus construction to the knowledge base) . A knowledge base which is processed and structured in this fashion allows the use of a complex application-specific search strategy and hence an efficient and effective realization of reasoning mechanisms.
Jiri Panyr
Object Databases and Thesauri for Small Museums
Abstract
Twenty years of experience with computers in museums has led from the original “purely scientific” objectives to a more down-to-earth approach aimed at rationalizing repetitive procedures. Dealing with fragmentary or unclean data is of primary concern. In the “Small Museums” project useful techniques from the field of thesaurus applications are customized in daily practice for this purpose.
Christof Wolters

Terminology and classification

The Structure and Role of Specialized Information in Scientific and Technical Terminologies
Abstract
In view of the increasing interdependence of Information and Documentation on the one hand and terminology work on the other, the author analyzes the relationship between information science and terminoloy science starting with the concept of “information” itself. Prom the semantic conception of information the concept of specialized information is derived which can be directly used in terminology science, where this type of information should be the starting point of any investigation or theoretical consideration. A terminological view of information and knowledge management would be a practical example.
G. Budin
Terminology Work in the World Health Organization EUROTERM Abbreviations
Abstract
EUROTERM abbreviations is a database which includes abbreviations of organizations, institutes and universities as well as country codes. Full forms or abbreviations of titles are given in English, French, German and Russian, to the extent possible.
Sonja Hvalkof
HyperTerm
A Proposal for a User-friendly Termbank
Abstract
How can termbanks be expanded towards a tool which supports the user in his/her daily work? Our idea is to combine some approaches which are quite common within hypertext systems with traditional termbank interfaces. Therefore we will introduce a multilingual terminological database, which was developed at the Fraunhofer Institute. To facilitate a discussion on the possibilities of implementing aspects of hypertext and termbanks, the basic ideas of hypertext will be explained in this paper. It is useful to investigate how users behave and proceed in retrieving information before developing a termbank interface, because this may lead to some new ideas for the termbank design. Taking existing termbank systems, the hypertext approach and human retrieval behaviour into account, I will show how the interface of a termbank could be expanded into a user-friendly termbank which I will call HyperTerm.
Renate Mayer
The Role of Classification in Terminology Documentation
Abstract
Due to the rapid increase of terminological literature all over the world it became necessary to create appropriate tools for the bibliographic control of this relatively new subject field of its own right. Within the framework of content analysis of terminological literature classification activities have a predominant role. In order to facilitate and unify the classification of theoretical works in terminology, Infoterm established a new classification scheme called TCL (Terminology Classification) which covers also the neighbouring fields of this domain. Furthermore the classification of terminological vocabularies has again different requirements such as the availability of an abridged and condensed version of a universal classification scheme. Infoterm has also prepared a draft proposal for this purpose.
W. Nedobity

Applications and Methods for Special Subject Fields

Frontmatter
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Classification, Data Analysis, and Knowledge Organization
herausgegeben von
Professor Dr. Hans-Hermann Bock
Professor Dr. Peter Ihm
Copyright-Jahr
1991
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Electronic ISBN
978-3-642-76307-6
Print ISBN
978-3-540-53483-9
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76307-6