CO2 Refrigeration Cycle and Systems

herausgegeben von: Xin-Rong Zhang, Trygve Magne Eikevik

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Buchreihe : Lecture Notes in Energy

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Über dieses Buch

This book covers the fundamentals and applications of carbon dioxide vapor compression refrigeration thermodynamic cycles. In particular, it presents new application areas, such as making ice and snow in the Winter Olympic Games, food cooling and refrigeration. The book explores the physical and chemical characteristics of CO2 fluid, and the unique traits of its thermodynamic cycle. The contributors explain how CO2 refrigeration is a developing, eco-friendly technology, and emphasize its importance for refrigeration and air-conditioning in the current and future market.

This book is a valuable source of information for researchers, engineers and policy makers looking to expand their applicable knowledge of high-potential refrigeration technology using carbon dioxide. It is also of interest to postgraduate students and practitioners looking for an academic insight into the industry’s latest eco-friendly technologies.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Chapter 1. CO2 Refrigeration Cycle and Systems

Yi-Sai Gao, Zhao-Rui Peng, Xin-Rong Zhang

Chapter 2. Natural Refrigerants and Carbon Dioxide

Jun-Ming Yin, Zhao-Rui Peng, Xin-Rong Zhang

Chapter 3. Transcritical CO2 Refrigeration Cycle and Systems

Yi-Zhou Wang, Yi-Kun He, Xin-Rong Zhang

Chapter 4. Theoretical Analysis of Expansion Process and Components in CO2 (Transcritical) Refrigeration System

Abstract

CO₂ has become a research hotspot in the context of refrigerant replacement. Due to the low critical temperature point of CO₂, CO₂ needs to operate in the supercritical region under most conditions. The expansion process is an essential part of the CO₂ transcritical refrigeration cycle, and the energy loss here is relatively large. Therefore, we need to have a more comprehensive understanding of the expansion process. This chapter introduces the expansion process in the CO₂ transcritical cycle and the commonly used expansion devices. The first part introduces the basic principles of throttling expansion. The relevant content of the application of CO₂ in expansion valves, capillaries, and ejectors, as well as the current theoretical and experimental research progress, are summarized in the second to fourth parts. Finally, the expansion device in the CO₂ transcritical refrigeration cycle is presented and outlooked.

Min-Qiang Zeng, Xin-Rong Zhang, Xue-Lai Zhang, Yi-Wei Yan

Chapter 5. CO2 Gas Cooler and Cooling Process

Abstract

As a natural working fluid, CO₂ refrigerant has been widely applied in refrigeration and heat pump systems. Being the main component, a CO₂ gas cooler plays an important role in the system’s highly efficient and safe operations. The CO₂ gas coolers, therefore, need to be well investigated in terms of optimal controls, heat transfer, and hydraulic analyses, as well as structural designs for different applications.

Yunting Ge

Chapter 6. CO2 Evaporation Process Modeling and Evaporator Design

Abstract

This chapter addresses fundamental issues related to CO₂ evaporation processes such as two-phase flow patterns, evaporation heat transfer and two-phase pressure drops in horizontal macro-scale and micro-scale tubes and evaporator simulation and design.

Lixin Cheng, Guodong Xia, Qinling Li

Chapter 7. CO2 Commercial Refrigeration Cycle and Systems

Trygve Magne Eikevik

Chapter 8. CO2 Refrigeration Cycles and Systems for Ice Rinks and Snowmaking

Abstract

Skating and skiing have become more and more popular with people all over the world. However, the natural ice and snow are not always available, and the period of cold seasons for skating and skiing is being shortened by the serious problems of global warming. Researchers are then prompted to develop science and technologies about producing ice and snow because of the gap between the limited natural resources and the growing demand for winter sports. CO₂ refrigeration cycles and systems for ice rinks and snowmaking are extensively presented and analyzed in this chapter. The background and state-of-the-art of the ice rink systems and snowmaking systems are firstly given. The applications of CO₂ cycles and systems are then respectively discussed with respect to ice rink systems and snowmaking systems based on the literature review and previous research by the authors. The system configuration and performance evaluation are shown by comparative studies according to the technology development.

Guan-Bang Wang, Xin-Rong Zhang

Chapter 9. CO2 Mobile Air Conditioning

Abstract

This chapter highlights the application of CO₂ refrigerant in automotive, bus and train air conditioning system. The background, operation characteristics, key components, heat pump and typical applications of CO₂ mobile air conditioning (MAC) system are introduced.

Jiangping Chen, Junye Shi, Dandong Wang

Chapter 10. Industrial Cooling Systems

Abstract

The development of industry has promoted the progress of civilization. The process of refrigeration and cooling in the industry is an indispensable part. With the development and progress of industrial technology, refrigeration and cooling technology accompanied by it is also advancing with the times. This chapter introduces the characteristics of refrigeration and cooling needs in the industry, and the thermodynamic characteristics of refrigeration systems in the industry. The chapter also presents examples of CO₂ cooling system applications in four application areas: food industry cooling, ice making in ice rink, power generation with refrigeration, and transport refrigeration.

Lei Wang, Xin-Rong Zhang

Chapter 11. CO2 Trans-Triple-Point Refrigeration Method

Abstract

Chapter 11 presents a new cryogenic refrigeration method using CO₂. This refrigeration is achieved by micro CO₂ solid particle sublimation, not by CO₂ liquid evaporation.

Qiu-Yun Zheng, Xin-Rong Zhang

Titel: CO2 Refrigeration Cycle and Systems
herausgegeben von: Xin-Rong Zhang
Trygve Magne Eikevik
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Electronic ISBN: 978-3-031-22512-3
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-22511-6
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22512-3