12. Common Property Resources and the Making of the Global Tragedy

This chapter defines a global commons as (1) those oceans and seas outside of any single country’s political domain, (2) our globally circulating atmosphere, and (3) the various river systems and other land masses such as mountain ranges and large forests that either cross political boundaries or are outside the political domain of any single country. The political difficulties of forming the “collective imperfect duties” necessary for managing these global commons are reviewed with the examples of some of the world’s more significant forests and river systems being examined as illustrations. These “difficulties” can be mitigated by the world’s ability to generate the necessary data for facilitating a political solution, and by the application of the “fairness criteria” that were developed and explored in the chapters above. The roles of three international environmental advocacy organizations (EAOs)—The Nature Conservancy, The World Wildlife Fund, and Greenpeace—in developing awareness of the tragedy of the global commons are also reviewed. The roles of these and similar organizations are shown to possibly pose some of the answers to the six questions presented in Chapter 1.