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2014 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

6. Communication Aspects: How Landmarks Enrich the Communication Between Human and Machine

verfasst von : Kai-Florian Richter, Stephan Winter

Erschienen in: Landmarks

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Landmarks are fundamental in human communication about their environments. This chapter will discuss what it takes to incorporate them into human-computer interaction. We will look at the principle requirements for such communication, and discuss how computers may produce and understand verbal and graphical references to landmarks. We will also present some results of studies testing the advantages of landmarks in human-computer interaction. We will see that there are huge benefits to gain from this integration, but also that there are still issues that need to be resolved.

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Fußnoten
1
Like most routing services, WhereIs requires address information to actually calculate a route.
 
2
We will not explain context-free grammar any further in this book other than saying that it is a concept of formal language theory. A grammar essentially is a mapping from some nonterminal symbols (e.g., the semantic representation of a left turn) to some (string of) terminal symbols (e.g., the words ‘left’, or ‘go left’); the grammar is context-free if a specific nonterminal symbol V always maps to the same string of terminal symbols w, regardless of its surrounding symbols (the context). For more details on formal languages refer to a textbook on theoretical computer science or theoretical linguistics, for example, Hopcroft, J.E., Motwani, R., Ullman, J.D. (2006). Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation (3rd ed.). Addison-Wesley.
 
6
Even though in this example it may be sufficient to know which cinema is meant, assuming there is only one bar in it.
 
7
In fact the dialog manager uses a Markov Decision Process (MDP) model, but this is not really important here. For more details on MDP, look up a textbook on Artificial Intelligence, for example, S. Russel & P. Norvig, Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, 3rd ed. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
 
8
Anaphoric references use some kind of deictic reference, usually a pronoun, to refer back to an item mentioned before. For example, in ‘St Peter is a large cathedral in Rome; it is home to the Pope’ ‘it’ is an anaphoric reference to St Peter.
 
9
http://​www.​wikipedia.​org, last visited 8/1/2014.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Communication Aspects: How Landmarks Enrich the Communication Between Human and Machine
verfasst von
Kai-Florian Richter
Stephan Winter
Copyright-Jahr
2014
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05732-3_6

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