Introduction
Materials and methods
Study sites
Sampling design
Environmental variables
Data analyses
Results
Environmental variables
DL 1 | DL 2 | DL 3 | |
---|---|---|---|
Temperature (°C)* | 13.8 ± 0.1 | 13.5 ± 0.1 | 13.6 ± 0.1 |
Relative humidity (%)* | 89.9 ± 0.7 | 91.4 ± 0.0 | 92.2 ± 0.6 |
Herb cover (%)* | 23.4 ± 2.5c
| 48.3 ± 5.5b
| 67.8 ± 3.7a
|
Litter diversity (Shannon-index)** | 0.01–0.31 | 0.8–1.27 | 1.36–1.53 |
Litter depth (cm)* | 2.9 ± 0.1a
| 2.5 ± 0.1b
| 1.9 ± 0.1c
|
Litter pH** | 4.2–5.4 | 5.3–6.7 | 5.5–7.0 |
Soil moisture (%)** | 23.1–36.4 | 20.5–30.8 | 22.9–33.0 |
Prey abundance (Collembola)* | 184.2 ± 20.5a
| 87.7 ± 8.7b
| 64.1 ± 5.3b
|
Spider diversity and numbers
Pitfall trap catches | Forest floor samples | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
April–October | May | August | November | |||||||||
H
S
|
E
| # Species |
H
S
|
E
| # Species |
H
S
|
E
| # Species |
H
S
|
E
| # Species | |
DL 1 | 2.47 | 0.64 | 48 | 1.97 | 0.85 | 10 | 1.73 | 0.97 | 6 | 2.11 | 0.88 | 11 |
DL 2 | 2.62 | 0.70 | 42 | 1.27 | 0.55 | 10 | 1.26 | 0.61 | 8 | 1.44 | 0.58 | 12 |
DL 3 | 2.74 | 0.71 | 47 | 1.03 | 0.45 | 10 | 1.13 | 0.7 | 5 | 1.19 | 0.48 | 12 |
Community structure
DL 1 | DL 2 | DL 3 |
F
8, 45
|
P
| |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
c | b | a | c | b | a | c | b | a | |||
D. picinus
| 10.7a | 1.8cd
| 5.7abc
| 7.5ab
| 1.8bcd
| 1.7cd
| 1.0d
| 1.2cd
| 1.3cd
| 7.86 | <0.001 |
H. torpida
| 16.8ab | 27.2a | 11.7ab
| 10.7bc
| 13.2ab
| 8.7bc
| 11.5bc
| 4.5d
| 7.0cd
| 7.85 | <0.001 |
S. diceros
| 6.3a | 2.8ab | 5.5a | 4.5a | 5.5a | 6.8a | 6.7a | 0.2b
| 0b
| 9.65 | <0.001 |
H. lepida
| 8.0a | 4.8a | 5.3a | 8.2a | 4.0a | 4.2a | 3.5ab | 0.5b
| 0.7b
| 9.18 | <0.001 |
W. corniculans
| 7.0a | 13.3a | 7.5a | 6.7a | 7.2a | 8.5a | 7.7a | 0b
| 1.8b
| 18.43 | <0.001 |
H. pusilla
| 0d
| 0d
| 0.3d
| 3.0bc | 2.5c | 6.3ab | 7.3a | 2.2c | 2.3c | 24.40 | <0.001 |
T. tenebricola
| 0c
| 0c
| 0.8c
| 1.2c
| 0.8c
| 1.7bc
| 1.2c
| 6.5a | 4.5ab | 11.33 | <0.001 |
D. concolor
| 0.2c
| 0.2c
| 0c
| 0.5abc
| 2.8abc
| 1.5abc
| 0.3bc
|
3.
2
a
| 3.3ab | 4.71 | <0.001 |
DL 1 | DL 2 | DL 3 |
F
8, 45
|
P
| |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
c | b | a | c | b | a | c | b | a | |||
May | |||||||||||
S. diceros
|
23
a
| 0a
|
5
a
|
5
a
|
14
a
|
28
a
|
9
a
| 0a
| 0a
| 3.17 | 0.052 |
H. pusilla
| 0b
| 0b
| 0b
|
84
a
|
47
ab
|
107
a
|
70
ab
|
98
a
|
51
ab
| 28.21 | <0.001 |
August | |||||||||||
H. pusilla
| 0c
| 0c
| 0c
|
51
ab
|
23
abc
|
51
a
|
19
abc
|
5
bc
|
19
abc
| 14.76 | <0.001 |
November | |||||||||||
S. diceros
|
19
a
|
9
a
|
14
a
|
5
a
|
33
a
|
23
a
|
19
a
| 0a
| 0a
| 1.02 | 0.367 |
H. pusilla
| 0d
| 5cd
| 0d
|
47
abcd
|
23
bcd
|
121
a
|
61
abc
|
84
ab
|
70
ab
| 24.31 | <0.001 |