Comprehensive critical mechanical model of covered karst collapse under the effects of positive and negative pressure

Three different processes of karst collapse under the effects of positive and negative pressure are discussed in this paper. The aim is to evaluate mechanisms of karst collapse. Critical mechanical models are established for each of three specific stages: arched holes in soil, vertical collapse of columns, and surface funnel-shaped collapse. Then, a comprehensive critical mechanical model of covered karst collapse under the effect of positive and negative pressure is developed. This was created based on Boyle’s law of gases. A method has been developed that provides a theoretical reference for quantifying early warnings of karst collapse. This procedure is based on fundamental coincidences between the physical situation and a check analysis. This is made by integrating the monitored results of an established karst water and gas pressure monitoring system into the output of a comprehensive critical mechanical model of covered karst collapse, which is affected by positive and negative pressures.