Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2013

The paper presents a question-answer approach to programming of designers’ activity in collaborative designing of software intensive systems. Efficiency of a conceptual work can be substantially increased if a human part of collaborative works will be fulfilled by designers in a form of an execution of programs written in a specialized pseudo-code language. Such programs simulate an experimental activity of designers investigating the own behavior in solution processes of project tasks. Acting similarly a scientist any designer will play a role named in the approach as “intellectual processor”. Such approach was investigated and evolved till an instrumental system providing the pseudo-code programming of intellectual processors combined with computer processors.

In collaborative software engineering, many change processes implementing change requests are executed concurrently by different workers. However, the fact that the workers do not have sufficient information about the others’ work and complicated dependencies among artifacts can lead to unexpected inconsistencies among the change-impacted artifacts. By focusing on the contexts of the changes, i.e. the change processes containing the changes, rather than the concurrent changes only like the previous works, we have proposed an approach that helps the workers detect and resolve the inconsistencies more effectively [1]. Our approach is to build a Change Support Environment (CSE) that represents the change processes explicitly as the Change Support Worflows (CSWs) and manages their execution based on our patterns of inconsistency, including many patterns besides the conflict patterns mentioned in the previous works. To evaluate the feasibility of our proposed approach, this paper presents a formal model of CSE using Colored Petri Nets (CPN) to model the artifacts, and both data flow and control flow of CSWs. CPN Tools is used to edit, simulate, and verify the CPN model of CSE to detect data-related abnormalities, in particular the patterns of inconsistency. Differently from the previous works in workflow modeling, our method for modeling CSWs using CPN can represent many aspects of a workflow, including data flow, control structure, and execution time, in one single model. Data and changes on the value of data are also represented explicitly. In addition, our modeling and verification method can be applied to other types of workflow.

In this paper, the issue of relating goal models with BPCM models in a combined framework is addressed. A business process characterizing model (BPCM) can be seen as a business-oriented model for the use in the early stages of a project, both for traditional development, but also for the development of multi-channel solutions working across a set of contexts. The combined modeling framework consists of goal modeling, process modeling and business process characterizing modeling. The framework is meant to guide both business stakeholders and model developers during modeling-based development. A development methodology to guide the development of goal models in terms of i* from business process characterizing model is proposed. Furthermore, the development methodology is illustrated by an exemplar of call for sponsors case in the field of scientific conference organization.

The use of a formal definition of measures upon a metamodel assures that measures capture the software artifacts they intend for, improve repeatability and could facilitate the implementation of measures extraction tools. However, it does not assure that the measure captures the measurement concept it claims (like size, coupling, etc). For that purpose many formal frameworks had been defined. The well-known property-based framework proposed by Briand et al. defines the most important measurement concepts regardless the specific software artifacts to which these concepts are applied. In this article we define a UML/OCL model from the Briand’s framework and we relate it with the formal definition of measures upon metamodels. We describe a set of well-formed properties that a measure should verify when capturing a measurement concept (which are derived from the model). We exemplify our approach through a thorough formal definition of UML statechart diagrams measures and its well-formed constraints of size measures.

In Software Engineering (SE), a system has properties that emerge from the combination of its parts, these emergent properties will surely be a matter of system failure if the Non-Fuctional Requirements (NFRs), or system qualities, are not specified in advance. In Web Engineering (WE) field occurs very similar, but with some other issues related to special characteristics of the Web applications such as the navigation (with the application of the security). In this paper, we improve our Model-Driven tool, named WebREd-Tool, extending the requirements metamodel with a NFRs classification, the main idea is to help the Web application designer with the NFRs specification to make better design decisions and also to be used to validate the quality of the final Web application.

Most techniques for modeling requirements present many problems and limitations, including modeling requirements at a single level of abstraction, and are specific to model functional requirements. The objective of this article is to perform a study on modeling requirements of Real-Time Systems through an extension of the SysML Requirements Diagram focusing on the traceability of non-functional and functional requirements. The proposed approach has demonstrated to be effective for representing software requirements of real-time systems at multiple levels of abstraction and classification. The proposed metamodel represents concisely the traceability of requirements in a high abstraction level.

This paper introduces a new approach for the analysis of

frequent statement and de-reference elimination

for distributed programs run on parallel machines equipped with hierarchical memories. The address space of the language studied in the paper is globally partitioned. This language allows programmers to define data layout and threads which can write to and read from other thread memories.

Simply structured type systems are the tools of the techniques presented in this paper which presents three type systems. The first type system defines for program points of a given distributed program sets of calculated (

ready

) statements and memory accesses. The second type system uses an enriched version of types of the first type system and determines which of the specified statements and memory accesses are used later in the program. The third type system uses the information gather so far to eliminate unnecessary statement computations and memory accesses (the analysis of

frequent statement and de-reference elimination

).

Two advantages of our work over related work are the following. The hierarchical style of concurrent parallel computers is similar to the memory model used in this paper. In our approach, each analysis result is assigned a type derivation (serves as a correctness proof).

Software development is a knowledge intensive activity and its success depends on knowledge and creativity of the developers. In the last years the traditional perspective on software development is changing and agile methods have received considerable attention. The purpose of this paper is to provide an understanding of knowledge management and creativity in relation with new software engineering trends. The implications of these findings are considered, and some possible directions for future research are suggested.

SysML state machine diagrams are used to describe the behavior of blocks in the system under consideration. The work in [1] proposed a formalization of SysML state machine diagrams in which the diagrams were translated into CSP# processes that could be verified by the state-of-the-art model checker PAT. In this paper, we make several modifications and add new rules to the translation described in that work. First, we modify three translation rules, which we think are inappropriately defined according to the SysML definition of state machine diagrams. Next, we add new translation rules for two components of the diagrams – junction and choice pseudostates – which have not been dealt with previously. As the contribution of this work, we can achieve more reasonable verification results for more general SysML state machine diagrams.

This paper describes how to transform a functional domain specific langauge (DSL) into hardware represented by a netlist. In earlier papers we proposed the usage of an algebraic structure called “arrows” (basically an abstraction of Haskell’s higher-order type (→) for describing DSLs. This structure forms the basis of a novel concept that gives the developer a tool at hand to describe hardware functionally in a natural way. Aside of that an arrow provides not only a tool to synthesize, but to verify and reason about the input DSL. We have taken this concept to the next stage, from a static size length arrow into a fixed size length vector arrows fitting much better to logic gates with a fixed number of in- and output pins. There are many sound possibilities to use the algebraic arrow data structure to model hardware. This paper presents some of them which showed to be most useful. A simple example, the implementation of a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) algorithm, is used to illustrate the presented techniques.

Process Architecture has become a recently emerged discipline. Although several methods have been established to design process architectures, there is a lack of available studies comparing these methods. There is also little consensus on the technical and no technical issues that a method must address and which is most suitable for a particular situation. Four process architectures design methods of different authors and disciplines were selected. This paper provides an overview and comparative analysis of these methods according to a framework devised as part of our analysis. The framework considers the following criteria: context, stakeholder, contents, quality and validation. Comparison revealed different ideologies between the methods. Some methods considered the attribute of reuse at the product quality level. Furthermore, several methods have been validated in the academy and they are considered in this paper as a starting point for validation.

Software development is moving in the direction of modeling as do quite a lot of other IT related tasks. This means, models become more and more important either as a means of communication or as parts of realizations. Unfortunately, these models are rarely reused which might be due to poor tool support.

A model recommender system is one possible way out, but it bases on high quality data which is most likely stored in a database and needs to blend into an environment. Hence, approaching model recommendations in a model driven way and generating the underlying data store which makes do with an existing infrastructure is desirable. In this paper we describe the underlying model and the obstacles we had to overcome to make this approach work for relational and non relational databases.

Software vulnerabilities weaken the security of a system increasing possibility of being attacked by exploits in the wild. There are a lot of researches being done on efficiently finding software vulnerabilities to eliminate them. General program testing method for finding flaws in software can be categorized into whitebox and blackbox testing. In whitebox testing, tester examines the internals of the target program such as source codes while in blackbox testing, tester is not aware of the internal structure. Taint analysis is a blackbox testing method efficient for prioritizing exploitable crashes by tracking external input to the program. However due to memory usage and large amount of computation, taint analysis is slow to be used for commercial programs. There has been heuristic approaches to speed up the analysis process but it is not in state of practical use yet. In this paper, we propose a method to reduce resource usage by selectively not tracking certain memories and registers which we call

untainting

. Our evaluation results show that by untainting we can reduce number of taint operation by considerable amount.

The goal of security testing is to verify and validate the potentiality of different vulnerabilities. For identified threats ensure that security mechanism deployed during design really mitigate the threats at vulnerable points. This requires checking that during functionality execution the threats to the assets really get mitigated. In this paper we propose a Framework for Security Testing that involves identifying different attacks that are possible by different stakeholders or intruders for each functionality offered by the system. Next we validate that the design decision taken to implement the security requirement associated with that functionality is appropriate to mitigate identified threats and risks on assets involved. Finally a test report template is designed which can be used to review the deployed security mechanism.

The software systems have been exposed to constant changes in a short period of time. It requires high maintainable systems and makes maintainability one of the most important quality attributes. In this work we performed a statistical analysis of maintainability metrics in three mainstream open-source applications, Tomcat (webserver), Jedit (text editor) and Vuze (a peer to peer client). The metrics are applied to source-code and to derived similar architectural metrics using scatter plot, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and significance tests. The observations contradict the common assumption that software quality attributes (aka non-functional requirements) are mostly determined at the architectural level and raise new issues for future works in this field.

The use of telemedicine systems is becoming increasingly common these days. Telemedicine systems exist for the purposes of education, improving the accuracy of medical diagnoses through the provision of a second opinion, and remote patient monitoring. Accordingly, the number of software solutions is increasing. Software Architecture is a subarea of Software Engineering whose goal is to study the system components, their external properties, and their relationships with other software. A good architecture can allow a system meets the mainly requirements of a project, such as performance, reliability, portability, easy maintenance, interoperability, etc. Aiming to find out what architectural styles that proposes a better performance in systems for telemedicine, a systematic mapping was done. With this mapping, it was possible to find taxonomies related to telemedicine systems, architectural styles commonly used in these systems and technologies relevant to the area.

Source code duplication is the origin of several problems in a software development project. Even been aware of this situation, application developers tend to ignore them, once it takes a lot of time and effort for duplicated pieces of code to be found and eliminated. To address this issue, the present work presents a new model for source code generation for user interface development. The generation process happens at runtime, each time a page is requested, uses the resulting content of the request processing and a set of templates and is based on class metadata. As result, application developers have new tool to avoid inconsistencies that can be originated by code duplication.

Texture analysis is one of the important steps in many computer vision applications. One of the important parts in texture analysis is texture classification. This classification is not an easy problem since texture can be non-uniform due to many reasons, e.g., rotation, scale, and etc. To help in this process, a good feature extraction method is needed. In this paper, we incorporate the fuzzy C-means (FCM) into the gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). In particular, we utilize the result from FCM to compute eight fuzzy co-occurrence matrices for each direction. There are four features, i.e., contrast, correlation, energy, and homogeneity, computed from each fuzzy co-occurrence matrix. We then test our features with the multiclass support vector machine (one-versus-all strategy) on the UIUC, UMD, Kylberg, and the Brodatz data sets. We also compare the classification result using the same set of feature extracted from the GLCM. The experimental results show that the features extracted from our fuzzy co-occurrence matrix yields a better classification performance than that from the regular GLCM. The best results on validation set using the features computed from our fuzzy co-occurrence are 77%, 95%, 99.11%, and 98.44% on the UIUC, UMD, Kylberg, and Brodatz, respectively, whereas those on the same data sets using the features from the gray level co-occurrence are 53%, 85%, 82.81%, and 95.31%, respectively. The best result on the blind test set of Brodatz data set using our fuzzy co-occurrence is 92.19%, whereas that from the gray level co-occurrence is 85.74%. Since the blind test data set is a rotated version of the training data set, we may conclude from the experiment that our features provide better property of rotation invariance.

The paper addresses the permutation flow shop scheduling problem with the minimization of the total completion time objective. Two heuristics are presented combining two note-worthy constructive heuristics. Exhaustive computational results on standard benchmark problems are presented. It is shown that the solutions generated are better than those obtained by the well - known heuristic in the literature. Statistical significance of better results produced by the proposed heuristics is also reported.

Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) have numerous applications in disaster rescue and military due to the infrastructure-less and multi-hop characteristics. Research in MANETs has been in-progress towards real-time implementation of key components in MANETs, such as routing protocols, and device drivers for wireless cards. However, there has still been the lack of a complete real architecture of MANET nodes, i.e., the wireless ad-hoc routers. This paper presents and discusses such a real architecture of wireless ad-hoc routers on open-source Linux platform.

Most of buildings in modern society become bigger and higher, the fire can cause serious damage in such as a large and complex building. Because of this, escape environment is very important when the fire occurs in the building. This paper suggests Robot-based Context-Aware Fire Escape Service Model that can provide optimal escape routes considering fire information and context to user through user’s smart phone with real time. The service model provides safe escape routes to user who did not find an escape route from disaster situation through smart phone and robot. In addition, the service model can expect rapid fire suppression and minimal expected casualty by teaching the present information in building to the rescue party.

The characterisation of urban ‘smartness’ emerges as a product of social mobilisation, which marks the pathway towards collective technology adoption and policy innovation. This paper highlights the didactic and critical aspects that relate to the use of participatory solutions – namely the electronic Town Meeting and others, such as weblogs and the “Planning for Real” scheme – which start within the dimension of social animation and serious gaming and are only later oriented to urban planning. The Palermo pilot of the PARTERRE ICT-PSP project, based on the Territorial Living Lab approach, documents one possible transition from the stage of a free relationship with scenarios and visions, to the definition of a social demand for planning, specifically within the framework of a real experience of the citizenship life. From a policy making perspective, Participation in planning does not come to an end but continuously tends to a gradual improvement, both in the quality of the projects and in those cohesion factors, which lead to the constitution of spontaneous partnerships.

An operational spatial information infrastructure needs feasible spatial information exchange between different stakeholders. When building spatial information infrastructures at the international level interoperability between the national level and supra-national level data becomes particularly important. The paper presents a study analyzing spatial information interoperability in the field of land-use information. In particular, the case study addresses information exchange between German and European land-use planning information. Spatial Planning in Germany is regulated by the country-specific Federal Building Code.

A spatial application schema XPlanGML was developed to serve as a standard for information exchange of spatial planning documents in the national e-government processes. At the European level the ongoing European INSPIRE initiative seeks to establish a framework to enable interoperable information exchange in many themes, one of which is the theme of land-use. The paper studies interoperability aspects between the recently released German standard as defined in XPlanGML and the current status of corresponding INSPIRE data specifications in detail.

Our Model is designed to greatly increase public participation in urban planning and make it more citizen-friendly. We use an agent technology consisting of a pair of opinion-miner recommender agents which, through mining of the opinions of citizens, make recommendations to planners on the design of the master plan. The advantages of using recommender agent technology in our DSS Model are that it accelerates acceptance of planning proposals and creates more participatory urban planning. A particularly innovative feature of our Model is that public participation occurs both before and during the development of the master plan, and in a citizen-friendly way. With our Model, planners come up with citizen-sensitive proposals and are able to more accurately predict the reaction of citizens to them. The case of the redesign of the Diagonal Avenue in Barcelona is provided as a concluding example.

Starting from the references to Smart Cities and Living Labs included in the Strategic Research Framework of the European Joint Programming Initiative "Urban Europe", the paper tries to outline the basic notions of a more limited reference framework, specifically aimed at fostering an approach to Smart City through an Urban/Territorial Living Lab concept, able to bring out the latent potential of innovation eco-socio-technological (i.e. “EnvironMental”) linked to the rhetoric of "urban smartness". To this end, the paper also describes briefly some issues emerging from a paradigmatic experience of Living Lab for Smart Cities and Territories (the Periphèria Project), highlighting their interest for an innovative spatial planning research perspective.

This paper addresses both quantitative and qualitative assessment of the relationship between the land surface temperatures (LST) and land cover (LC) changes in Dhaka Metro Area (DMA) using Landsat TM/ETM+ data over the period from 1989 to 2010. The LC map was prepared using supervised classification methods. On the other hand, using the calibration of spectral radiance and emissivity correction LST has been derived from the thermal band of Landsat TM/ETM+. To establish the relationship between LST and LC, GIS based spatial simulation has been conducted. The changing of LST is found to be directly correlated with LC transition. LST has shown to increase in areas with growing urban developments. In contrary, the amount of Vegetation (NDVI) is negatively correlated with LST. The trend of LST and LC transitions indicates that LST will be abruptly increased in near future. The urban LST maps, the analyses of thermal-land cover relationships and the spatial simulated results thus obtained could be used as strategies for quality improvement of urban environment and a smart solution to the reduction of Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect.

This paper designs a team-based relocation scheme for electric vehicle sharing systems in which stock imbalance can lead to serious service quality degradation. For an efficient operation plan for a relocation team consisting of multiple service staffs, stations are geographically grouped first and the planner merges as many equivalent relocation pairs as possible, considering the number of simultaneously movable vehicles. To obtain a reasonable quality plan within a limited time bound using genetic algorithms even for a large-scale sharing system, each relocation plan is encoded to an integer-valued vector. A vector index points to a overflow station while the vector element points to an underflow station, according to predefined association maps built by the number of surplus and lacking vehicles. The experiment result obtained by a prototype implementation shows that each addition of a service staff cut down the relocation distance by 38.1 %, 17.2 %, and 12.7 %, respectively.

The increase of data sources on the Internet and Web 2.0 advances have contributed to significant changes in the way we produce spatial information. The citizen is using collaborative environments to produce their own data, whether in the area of public security, infrastructure or for simple fun. The voluntary contribution is essential to make a spatially enabled society and help in decision-making process at all levels of a society, whether governmental, private or by the citizen. Analyzing the information gain that is recorded in collaborative Web systems is essential to know what is not being recorded in official data sources. The aim of this study is to evaluate the information gain generated by the user on a project to transform a conventional computerized municipal management for a spatially enabled society.

This study addresses both qualitative and quantitative assessments of the quality of major parks of Dhaka. Four incommensurate factors namely environment, safety and security, landscape and aesthetic factors have been smartly chosen to measure the quality of the parks by formulating new index values. Index value of each factor has been calculated for all the parks. It is shown that the quality of all the parks considered are dispersed. In addition, investigation of universal accessibility of the parks and direct park user’s opinion has been accumulated to concretize the results. Based on the major findings of this study a number of recommendations have been provided for the improvement of the quality of parks in Dhaka city. Involvement of local community and establishment of office for the park authority inside the park can be helpful in the quality maintenance of the parks. The findings of this paper will enhance the existing knowledge of city planners a step forward with a-priori knowledge to ensure quality of parks in further city planning.

Housing problem is one of the most acute problems in the mega-city Dhaka. A recent study of Consumers Association of Bangladesh (CAB) showed that house rent in the city has alarmingly increased to about 350 % during the last 22 years (1990–2012) while the increase was 15.83 % higher in 2011 than in 2010. As a result fixed income city dwellers comprising both middle and lower middle class households are in great trouble to tackle the real-world problem of house rent in the city.

This research thus conducted an extensive study to find the potential factors affecting the house rent by investigating relationship of increasing house rent with a number of important factors namely zonal variations of external appearance of the buildings, surrounding land use type, road distance from house, availability of open space, presence of utility facilities, type of structure, total number of flats, and average area of each unit flat are considered. A survey of 360 different areas on ten different zones of Dhaka City Corporation (DCC) area is conducted.

Using the proposed prioritizing factors through weighted index method, it has been found that owners consider size of the unit as the main factor of determining the house rent. Social status plays the least role before determining the house rent. Increase of house rent in different interval of time has no relation with the distance from the main roads. Rather structures being distant from main road increase higher rent. Increase in price of utility services and daily necessary commodities are the prime reasons behind the house rent increase. Owners claim that house rent increase become a must when there is an increase in price of water supply, gas etc. Owners of the apartment mainly increase the house rent for their own accountability. Presence of house owner organization may reduce the abrupt and irregular increase of house rent.

Building and structural condition is found to be the most influential factor for hiring residence in Dhaka city for the tenants. Accessibility and mobility along with social and community facilities are the next two criteria for choosing the residence. Accessibility is one of the most important factors for incensement of house rent. Safety and security, Proximity of educational institutions and social status also plays important role in this context. Though traditionally road distance and structure types are considered as the major factors determining the house rent, in contrary other factors namely size of the unit and presence of utility services are found to be the most dominant factors.

The last guidelines approved by Italian government to financially support the solar Photovoltaic (PV) Energy production development (Fourth and Fifth feed-in-scheme, January 2012 and later), in order to avoid soil consumption in agricultural or naturals areas, include specific indications for more advantageously funding installations exploiting roofs or covers surfaces. In this context it becomes important, for a suitable PV planning and monitoring, the extensive mapping of the available surfaces extent, usually corresponding to covers and properly assessing their quality in term of PV potential. Since the covers are mainly located in urban or industrial areas, whose 3D heterogeneity, albedo, atmospheric turbidity and casting shadows significantly influence the local solar irradiance, it is necessary to suitably account for these distributed factors by means of GIS mapping and advanced modeling tools in order to provide realistic estimates of solar available radiance at roofs level. The implemented methodology, based on remote sensing techniques, has allowed to estimate and map the global solar radiance over all the roofs within Avellino (southern Italy) municipality. Starting from LIDAR data, DSM of the entire area of interest (~42 Km2) has been firstly obtained; then the 3D model of each building and related cover has been derived. To account the atmospheric transparency and the related time-dependent diffuse/direct radiation percentage on the area, data and tools from EU PVGIS web application have been also used. The final processing to obtain the solar radiance maps has been carried out using specific software modules available within commercial and open-source GIS packages.

The paper addresses the issue of analyzing and mapping mobility practices by using different kinds of mobile phone network data, which provide geo-located information on mobile phone activity at a high spatial and temporal resolution. We will present and discuss major findings and drawbacks, based on an application carried out on the Milan urban region (Lombardy, Northern Italy).

Growing urbanization and the increasing size of metropolitan regions is a challenge as well as an opportunity for the economic development and social balance of societies particular in developing countries like Vietnam. The very dynamical evolution of the cities implies special requirements for mobility concepts. These need to be adapted to possible future developments both with respect to their effects and to their implementation. Special challenges of sustainable transport in mega cities today have to address environmental problems and their social implications (e.g. air quality, noise, land use, fragmentation, and security), accessibility and ways to manage existing infrastructure capacities through smart engineering. As an example REMON (Real Time Monitoring of Urban Transport) is one of the research projects on mega cities supported by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research of Germany in cooperation with Vietnamese Partners like “Transport Development and Strategy Institute (TDSI)”, “University of Transport and Communication (UTC)” and “Vietnamese-German Transport Research Centre (VGTRC), Vietnamese-German University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam”. The main objective of the project is to reduce the energy consumption and thereby the CO2 production of urban traffic in mega cities. A comprehensive traffic monitoring system will be developed, implemented and applied. Based on real data, specific scenarios, measurements and immission models, the team will develop analysis tools to check the efficiency of the system and for calculating and optimizing the emission reduction additionally.

The project follows an interdisciplinary approach integrating land-use planning, transport science, engineering and political science in order to contribute to the mitigation of climate change. An important part of REMON is to assess the environmental impacts of a traffic management system and planned urban traffic developments based on real measured traffic data. Linking technological developments with urban and transport-planning policies is one of the foci of the project: The identification of suitable strategies and policies is a prerequisite to ensure permanent and effective implementation of technological measures. The development of the technical system for traffic management to be installed in Hanoi is reported. All information and results of the traffic management system are open for the public.

The paper will give an overview about the specialties of the project and will point out the findings and goals of the described showcases.

We propose a new Level of Detail (LoD) concept for CityGML buildings that differentiates a Geometrical Level of Detail (GLoD) and a Semantical Level of Detail (SLoD). These two LoD concepts are separately defined for the interior characteristics and the outer shell of a building, respectively. The City Geography Markup Language (CityGML) is an open and application independent information model for the representation, storage, and exchange of virtual 3D city models. It covers geometric representations of 3D objects as well as their semantics and their interrelation. The CityGML Level of Detail concept in general offers the possibility to generalize CityGML features from very detailed to a less detailed description. The current LoD concept suffers from strictly coupling geometry and semantics. In addition it provides only one LoD (LoD4) for the description of the interior of a building. The benefits of our new LoD concept are first, a substantially higher informative value for the Level of Detail, second, a better description of the interior Level of Detail, third, a broadening of the opportunities for indoor modelling, and last, a better assignability to all other modules represented in CityGML. Due to more combinations of GLoD and SLoD, the Level of Detail definition for every module in CityGML can be defined according to the nature of modelled real world phenomenon.

Information technology and new mobile revolution could be a strategic resource in the field of humanities studies and a powerful tool to bring culture in the people’s everyday life.

The research explores the potentialities of the Web 3.0 applied to Cultural Heritage and tests three of its specificities: the semantic information architecture and the associative organization of contents, the geo-location of information in the physical environment and the social dynamics between people and places in geo-social networks.

Starting from a theoretical analysis the work maps and classifies the existing best practices both for semantic knowledge-based platforms and mobile apps developed by the most important international museums, historical house-museums and private galleries.

On the basis of these theoretical statements, of a literature analysis and a benchmark, the research explores and experiments – through a case study – the potentiality of a hybrid design process – both user-experience and technology driven – to revive a masterpiece of Italian literature – The Betrothed by Alessandro Manzoni – through a multi-layered historical storytelling approach to contents and a geo-referred experience of the places, monuments and routes described in the novel (XVII sec.), lived by the author (XIX sec.) and today thanks to a mobile app.

Using the technical repertory of geo-referred data, AR, QR-Code and multimodal contents – videos/audio, interactive documents, shared dairies and UGC – the pilot of The Betrothed 3.0 allows the users to discover Milan.

The user can navigate through the timeline and decide to visit the city experienced by the protagonists of the novel or by the author who lived and dwelt in the places described, but in another time period – his house-museum is one of the main touch point of the app – making comparisons with the contemporary reality.

The project tries to set a design pattern for engaging in an effective way people facing the Humanities through technology.

Following the crisis generated by the financialization of private real-estate, construction prices have gradually decreased depriving the housing market of the necessary growth stimuli. Many countries have set up measures to revive this highly strategic area for the national economy. With reference to the Campania Region Law n. 19 dated 28 December 2009, known Housing Plan, this work has two objectives: to recognize the fundamental estimation problems that need to be solved in the implementation of the Campania Housing Plan; in addition, predict the effects of the regulations on the regional economy, both in overall terms as well as for each production sector, with particular attention being given to the construction industry. Regarding the first objective, the contents of the law are analysed on the basis of the principles that govern the appraisal. The consequences of the Campania Housing Plan on the economic system are then evaluated using input-output matrices, which are able to capture the structural relationships that exist among the various productive sectors. The numerical calculations require a preliminary investigation aimed at collecting a list of interventions approved by local governments in accordance to the Housing Plan. The cost of the works, as proposed in the applications submitted to the local administrations, is the input data for the implementation of the Social Accounting Matrix 2010 of the Campania Region.

The dynamics of the housing market have been the subject of study and modelling for several decades (including: Muth, 1963; Ozanne, Thibodeau, 1983; Stiglitz, 1993; Green, Malpezzi and Mayo, 2005). The contingent relationships between the property market and micro and macroeconomic situations are particularly interesting. Studies were carried out by Di Pasquale and Wheaton (1996), with reference to the office property market and the correlation with the construction industry. The model has been adopted in this study, but applied to the residential property market in a medium size city located in southern Italy. The aim includes both the reading of the historical past ten years, with a dynamic approach to the problem, as well as a predictive application of the model for the near future (2013-2015).

This paper refers to forms of space representation, essentially derived from cartographic techniques, that bases many web applications which aid to promote the development of new forms of social interaction and influence the perception and use of public spaces. The paper discusses the relationship between spatial representation, spatial knowledge and technologies of representation and visualization of space and how developments and convergence of technologies may influence and shape the cultural practices and the use of contemporary urban space.

In this paper we describe an open source implementing of the Web 3D Service (W3DS) based on the OGC’s draft proposal. The implementation was developed on top of the open source java-based map server GeoServer, as a community module. With an open source implementation available, test beds can be promoted to better know the strengths and limitations of the current proposal. Without practical interoperability assessments demonstrated, W3DS barely become a 3D standard in urban management applications.

Landscapes are multifunctional and adaptive systems in which ecological and human processes interact continuously. Moreover, they are characterised by various functions and values provided to communities in terms of goods and services. The importance and meanings of cultural and perceptual dimensions in landscape assessment are strongly recognised in the European Landscape Convention (ELC) and normally analysed considering the way people appreciate the landscape values. The involvement of the public is one of the important pillars of landscape policy. In this paper, a research case-study based in the natural park of Serre (Italy) and concerning the e-participation in tranquillity areas identification and mapping is reported. The first results of an e-survey carried out in 2012 concerning people’s perception of landscape tranquillity are here presented as they emerge from the analysis of 422 questionnaires. The open questions on the use of this issue on sustainable landscape planning are also discussed.

GIS methodologies in combination with Remote Sensing data and techniques are fundamental to analyse and characterise Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) and their evolutionary dynamics. The case study here described, has been conducted in two study-areas: the Serre Regional natural Park and the so-called Conca of Avellino (Southern Italy). This study is part of a wider research allowed to understand how the landscape changes dynamics are linked and have been influenced by several causes (demography, economy, transportation network, people preferences, policies, etc.). A multi-temporal set of images (aerial photos and Landsat scenes) has been processed LULC. Then, through a GIS approach, change detection and spatiotemporal analysis has been integrated to characterise LULC dynamics, focusing on urban growth/sprawl phenomenon and loss of rural/natural lands. This paper focuses the attention on the WebGIS application based on free online tools which has been implemented with the aim to publish and to share with local communities all geospatial data produced. This platform will be further implemented in order to favour e-participation in the planning tools.

The incoming European Programming Period 2014-2020 addresses to the New Cohesion Policy the role of effective promotion of regional development. The principle of concentration on few strategic issues appears to be reached a mature approach through local Managing Authorities. This concentration affects several dimension of cohesion policy: economic development, social inclusion, labour market, place based instances, infrastructures, private investments. The spatial dimension of EU Regional Policies, since the first European programming cycle 1989s-1993, has not been analysed in deep due to the lack of data concerning programs implementation at regional level. During last years new tools have become available under the umbrella phenomena of open-data, VGI etc. In particular we refer to the project ‘opencoesione’ by Italian Ministry for Territorial Cohesion providing open data on Operative Programs funded by EU Structural funds. The service, with the general objective of improving Citizen Engagement on investments policies, offers a data set with specific information concerning each project (operative program, beneficiary, budget, funds etc.). The paper, after a general position of the actual issues of improving effectiveness of public investments in regional developing programs, describes the spatial data analysis process for the evaluation of spatial concentration of investments in the 2007-2013 programming period. The results are interesting for the opportunity to evaluate ‘ex-post’ aggregation of public and private investments. Conclusion regards possible application in developing incoming New Cohesion Policies at national and regional level.

The participatory support system for urban maintenance we present here: (1) lets citizens directly report neighbourhood issues requiring attention from urban maintenance services, (2) evaluates the priority of reported issues, (3) allows the allocation and management of resources and workforce on solving issues and (4) permits public tracking of their status. Unlike many existing platforms for collecting citizens reports, our system incorporates an explicit, transparent and publicly accessible evaluation model to prioritise issues and assign resources for their solution. This, we argue, is a crucial element to assure that the principles of transparency, publicity, accountability and equity are observed by the municipal government. After presenting the system’s standard workflow, the evaluation model and an example application, we discuss its possible more general implications for citizen participation.

The overabundance of information produced by new technologies, if on one side can be considered as a knowledge enrichment in planning process, on the other side it has not improved neither reality understanding nor possibilities of intervention. Old forms of citizens participation to planning process, generally based on assemblies, have been replaced by continuous discussions on social networks, blogs, etc..

The attempt to take into account the huge data flow produced everyday, it is not an easy task for planners. An ontologies based approach can represent an important support to such activities.

"Comelicopedia" an European project between Italy and Austria, probably is one of the first experiences in applying ontologies to spatial planning process.

All potentialities in planning and decision making fields will be analyzed and tools, such as "comelicopedia", can become usual in supporting a regulatory dialogue between decision makers and citizens.

The complexity of planning process exponentially increased during last decades matching together a wide range of instances deriving from the evolution of national and local regulations and laws, an heterogeneous methodological framework, the contribution of technologies and especially the affirmation of web and social communities as relevant dimensions for citizen’ participation. The general increase of data availability strongly forced planning process and today the planner has mainly the task to select, to organize and to share data in order to support decisions at different scales. The technological wide spread, open data, 2.0 approach and social-network interactions generates data continuously. We can affirm that data are everywhere, but how to get good information? It is the case of several open data services by P.A.s distributing numbers of file not fully exploitable by final users. The paper investigates some relevant examples from the Italian case in order to demonstrate the benefits of data territorialisation and the opportunity to use some specific tools developed within an open source framework: Geo Platform by GeoSDI. In particular we refer to the geocoding process translating a physical property address such as for a house, business or landmark into spatial coordinates. Geocoding intelligence implies the overcoming of semantics barriers in data code and the ‘ex-ante’ definition of the specific purpose of spatial application in order to accept variables accuracy levels in the final output. Conclusions regard potential application and methodological recommendation for data coding optimization.

The term “Smart City” is to-date widely used, but little clarity appears in the definition behind it. Several approaches led to a growing emphasis on the combined use of geographic information and communication technology to build cognitive frameworks in city planning and management. The present paper tackles an effort to define ‘smart cities’ and to identify both elements of smartness, and critical aspects related to the current interpretation of the term. In particular, the risk of considering the technological layer of Smart City as an innovative element has been observed, highlighting, on the contrary, the need to consider Smart Cities in terms of a major urban planning effort to coordinate and harmonize different urban players, sustained by ICT instruments.