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2022 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Constructing Provably Robust Scale-Free Networks

verfasst von : Rouzbeh Hasheminezhad, Ulrik Brandes

Erschienen in: Network Science

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Scale-free networks have been described as robust to random failures but vulnerable to targeted attacks. We show that their degree sequences admit realizations that are, in fact, provably robust against any vertex removal strategy. We propose an algorithm that constructs such realizations almost surely, requiring only linear time and space. Our experiments confirm the robustness of the networks generated by this algorithm against adaptive and non-adaptive vertex removal strategies.

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Fußnoten
1
For an example of such an implementation, see Algorithm 1.2.1 in [22].
 
2
This notion of scaling integer sequences refers to ranks rather than frequencies. Therefore, the scaling factor is one less than the exponent in the corresponding power-law distribution [24].
 
3
Suppose that a BFS of depth two starts from the vertex \(v_1\), where the neighbors of \(v_1\) are \(v_2, v_3, \dots , v_{d_1-2}\), respectively with degrees \(d_2-3, d_3-3, \dots , d_{d_1-2}-3\). This hypothetical scenario provides an upper bound of \(\sum _{i=2}^{d_1-2}(d_i-3)\le \sum _{i=1}^{d_1} d_i\) for the number of visited edges in any BFS of depth two, starting from any vertex in \(G_{\textsf {res}}\). Therefore, \(|F_e(G_{\textsf {res}})|\le 2 \sum _{i=1}^{d_1} d_i\) follows by an application of the union bound.
 
4
In \(G_{\textsf {res}}\) we fix a vertex order \(v_1, v_2, \dots , v_n\) and assume for any edges \(e,e'\) that \(e\le e'\) holds if and only if \(f(e)\le f(e')\), where \(f(\{v_i, v_j\}):=(n-1)\max \{i,j\}+\min \{i,j\}\).
 
5
We consider the variant of GND where removing each vertex has a unit cost, and the goal is to dismantle the network at the lowest possible cost. The implementation we use for this variant of GND was written by Petter Holme in the Python programming language and is publicly available from https://​github.​com/​pholme/​gnd.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Constructing Provably Robust Scale-Free Networks
verfasst von
Rouzbeh Hasheminezhad
Ulrik Brandes
Copyright-Jahr
2022
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97240-0_10

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