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2020 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Context-Sensitive Fusion Grammars Are Universal

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Abstract

Context-sensitive fusion grammars are a special case of context-dependent fusion grammars where a rule has only a single positive context condition instead of finite sets of positive and negative context conditions. They generate hypergraph languages from start hypergraphs via successive applications of context-sensitive fusion rules and multiplications of connected components, as well as a filtering mechanism to extract terminal hypergraphs from derived hypergraphs in a certain way. The application of a context-sensitive fusion rule consumes two complementarily labeled hyperedges and identifies corresponding attachment vertices provided that the context condition holds. In this paper, we show that the Post correspondence problem can be formulated very intuitively by such a grammar. Furthermore, we prove that these grammars can generate all recursively enumerable string languages (up to representation of strings as graphs) and are universal in this respect.

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Fußnoten
1
1. W.l.o.g. assume \((S {:}{:}= S) \in P\) such that each derivation is of length \(\ge 2\).
2. For technical reasons each word contains the derivation twice, the middle is separated by cc, \(w_{n+1}\) is separated by ccc, the first is in reverse order and the second is reversed. This yields \(w_ncw_{n-1}c\ldots cw_2cw_1cc r(w_2)cr(w_3)c\ldots cr(w_n)cccr(w_{n+1}).\) String in \(L_P\) are of the form \(d = (w_n c w_{n-1} c\ldots c w_2 c w_1 cc r(w_2) c \ldots c r(w_n) ccc r(w_{n+1})),\) where \(n \ge 2, w_i \mathop {\rightarrow }\limits w_{i+1}\) in G and \(w_{n+1} \in T^*\); and strings in \(L_=\) are of the form \(z = (z_m c\ldots c z_2 c S cc r(z_2) c \ldots c r(z_m) ccc)\), where \(z_i \in (N \cup T)^*\). Therefore, \(d = zz'\) for some \(z'\) if and only if \(n=m+1, S = w_1, z_i = w_i\) for \(i=1,\ldots ,m\) and \(z' = r(w_{n+1})\). Consequently, \(r(w) = r(w_{n+1}) = r(y_{n}) r(v_{n}) r(x_{n}) \in L_=\backslash L_P.\)
 
2
Applying first \( fr (A)\) with \(A \in \{Y_0,Y_1\}\) and then \(A \in \{X_0,X_1,X_2,X_3\}\) is arbitrary. The rules may be applied in any order.
 
3
For the case of two context-free fusion rules see [2]; for the case involving reduce see Lemma 2. All multiplications can be done initially (using the same argument as in [2]).
 
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Adleman, L.M.: Molecular computation of solutions to combinatorial problems. Science 266, 1021–1024 (1994)CrossRef Adleman, L.M.: Molecular computation of solutions to combinatorial problems. Science 266, 1021–1024 (1994)CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Lye, A.: Transformation of turing machines into context-dependent fusion grammars. In: Post-Proceedings of 10th International Workshop on Graph Computation Models, (GCM 2019). Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science (EPTCS) (2019). https://doi.org/10.4204/EPTCS Lye, A.: Transformation of turing machines into context-dependent fusion grammars. In: Post-Proceedings of 10th International Workshop on Graph Computation Models, (GCM 2019). Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science (EPTCS) (2019). https://​doi.​org/​10.​4204/​EPTCS
Metadaten
Titel
Context-Sensitive Fusion Grammars Are Universal
verfasst von
Aaron Lye
Copyright-Jahr
2020
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40608-0_19

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