Skip to main content

2024 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

9. Conventional Methods of Sample Preparation for Quality Control of Chinese Medicines

verfasst von : Min Song, Ling Qiu, Yu Liu, Ze-Yu Wang, Qing-Wen Zhang

Erschienen in: Quality Control of Chinese Medicines

Verlag: Springer Nature Singapore

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Sample preparation is an important and time-consuming step in quality control of herbal medicine. Due to the state of most solid samples, their constituents should be transferred to solvents from the matrix before analysis. One of the traditional sample preparation techniques is called “solid–liquid extraction”. The classical solid–liquid extraction methods include decoction, reflux extraction, steam distillation, Soxhlet extraction, and ultrasonic-assisted extraction. Those classical extraction methods are even more widely used in routine quality control of herbal medicines than some modern extraction methods due to low investment in equipment and easy operation. In this paper, the classical extraction methods used for sample preparation in quality control are summarized, which may provide some ideas for the development of new quality control methods for herbal medicine in the future.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat A. Sofowora, E. Ogunbodede, A. Onayade, The role and place of medicinal plants in the strategies for disease prevention. Afr. J. Tradit. Complement. Altern. Med. 10(5), 210–229 (2013)PubMedPubMedCentral A. Sofowora, E. Ogunbodede, A. Onayade, The role and place of medicinal plants in the strategies for disease prevention. Afr. J. Tradit. Complement. Altern. Med. 10(5), 210–229 (2013)PubMedPubMedCentral
2.
Zurück zum Zitat C.W. Huie, A review of modern sample-preparation techniques for the extraction and analysis of medicinal plants. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 373(1–2), 23–30 (2002)PubMedCrossRef C.W. Huie, A review of modern sample-preparation techniques for the extraction and analysis of medicinal plants. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 373(1–2), 23–30 (2002)PubMedCrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat L.J. Deng, M. Qi, N. Li, Y.H. Lei, D.M. Zhang, J.X. Chen, Natural products and their derivatives: promising modulators of tumor immunotherapy. J. Leukoc. Biol. 108(2), 493–508 (2020)PubMedCrossRef L.J. Deng, M. Qi, N. Li, Y.H. Lei, D.M. Zhang, J.X. Chen, Natural products and their derivatives: promising modulators of tumor immunotherapy. J. Leukoc. Biol. 108(2), 493–508 (2020)PubMedCrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat K. Julsing, J. Quax, O. Kayser, The engineering of medicinal plants: prospects and limitations of medicinal plant biotechnology, in Medicinal Plant Biotechnology: From Basic Research to Industrial Applications (2007), pp. 1–8 K. Julsing, J. Quax, O. Kayser, The engineering of medicinal plants: prospects and limitations of medicinal plant biotechnology, in Medicinal Plant Biotechnology: From Basic Research to Industrial Applications (2007), pp. 1–8
5.
Zurück zum Zitat World Health Organization, World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019 (World Health Organization, Geneva, 2019) World Health Organization, World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019 (World Health Organization, Geneva, 2019)
6.
Zurück zum Zitat G. Romanik, E. Gilgenast, A. Przyjazny, M. Kaminski, Techniques of preparing plant material for chromatographic separation and analysis. J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods 70(2), 253–261 (2007)PubMedCrossRef G. Romanik, E. Gilgenast, A. Przyjazny, M. Kaminski, Techniques of preparing plant material for chromatographic separation and analysis. J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods 70(2), 253–261 (2007)PubMedCrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat P. Li, Z.Q. Yin, S.L. Li, X.J. Huang, W.C. Ye, Q.W. Zhang, Simultaneous determination of eight flavonoids and pogostone in Pogostemon cablin by high performance liquid chromatography. J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. 37(12), 1771–1784 (2014)CrossRef P. Li, Z.Q. Yin, S.L. Li, X.J. Huang, W.C. Ye, Q.W. Zhang, Simultaneous determination of eight flavonoids and pogostone in Pogostemon cablin by high performance liquid chromatography. J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. 37(12), 1771–1784 (2014)CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Y.Q. Zhou, Q.W. Zhang, S.L. Li, Z.Q. Yin, X.Q. Zhang, W.C. Ye, Quality evaluation of semen oroxyli through simultaneous quantification of 13 components by high performance liquid chromatography. Curr. Pharm. Anal. 8(2), 206–213 (2012)CrossRef Y.Q. Zhou, Q.W. Zhang, S.L. Li, Z.Q. Yin, X.Q. Zhang, W.C. Ye, Quality evaluation of semen oroxyli through simultaneous quantification of 13 components by high performance liquid chromatography. Curr. Pharm. Anal. 8(2), 206–213 (2012)CrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat S.L. Li, S.F. Lai, J.Z. Song, C.F. Qiao, X. Liu, Y. Zhou, H. Cai, B.C. Cai, H.X. Xu, Decocting-induced chemical transformations and global quality of Du–Shen–Tang, the decoction of ginseng evaluated by UPLC–Q-TOF-MS/MS based chemical profiling approach. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 53(4), 946–957 (2010)PubMedCrossRef S.L. Li, S.F. Lai, J.Z. Song, C.F. Qiao, X. Liu, Y. Zhou, H. Cai, B.C. Cai, H.X. Xu, Decocting-induced chemical transformations and global quality of Du–Shen–Tang, the decoction of ginseng evaluated by UPLC–Q-TOF-MS/MS based chemical profiling approach. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 53(4), 946–957 (2010)PubMedCrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Z. Jiang, L.X. Jiang, Z.T. Li, Q.C. Chen, H.M. Yang, L.X. Cao, Z.Q. Chen, Research progress in decocting methods for Chinese medicine decoction and the influencing factors. J. Guangzhou Univ. Tradit. Chin. Med. 39(2), 458–462 (2022) Z. Jiang, L.X. Jiang, Z.T. Li, Q.C. Chen, H.M. Yang, L.X. Cao, Z.Q. Chen, Research progress in decocting methods for Chinese medicine decoction and the influencing factors. J. Guangzhou Univ. Tradit. Chin. Med. 39(2), 458–462 (2022)
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Y.R. Zheng, S.H. Liu, C.L. Fan, H.H. Zeng, H.F. Huang, C.Y. Tian, Z.B. Lu, H.H. Cao, J.S. Liu, L.Z. Yu, Holistic quality evaluation of Qingwen Baidu Decoction and its anti-inflammatory effects. J. Ethnopharmacol. 263, 113145 (2020)PubMedCrossRef Y.R. Zheng, S.H. Liu, C.L. Fan, H.H. Zeng, H.F. Huang, C.Y. Tian, Z.B. Lu, H.H. Cao, J.S. Liu, L.Z. Yu, Holistic quality evaluation of Qingwen Baidu Decoction and its anti-inflammatory effects. J. Ethnopharmacol. 263, 113145 (2020)PubMedCrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat W.L. Zhang, J.P. Chen, K.Y.C. Lam, J.Y.X. Zhan, P. Yao, T.T.X. Dong, K.W.K. Tsim, Hydrolysis of Glycosidic Flavonoids during the Preparation of Danggui Buxue Tang: an outcome of moderate boiling of Chinese herbal mixture. Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med. 2014, 608721 (2014) W.L. Zhang, J.P. Chen, K.Y.C. Lam, J.Y.X. Zhan, P. Yao, T.T.X. Dong, K.W.K. Tsim, Hydrolysis of Glycosidic Flavonoids during the Preparation of Danggui Buxue Tang: an outcome of moderate boiling of Chinese herbal mixture. Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med. 2014, 608721 (2014)
13.
Zurück zum Zitat H. Luo, Z.F. Zhang, X.L. Tang, J.H. Yi, S.Y. Chen, A.D. Yang, J. Yang, Dynamic variation patterns of aconitum alkaloids in daughter root of Aconitum carmichaelii (Fuzi) in the decoction process based on the content changes of nine aconitum alkaloids by HPLC-MS-MS. Iran. J. Pharm. Res. 15(1), 263–273 (2016)PubMedPubMedCentral H. Luo, Z.F. Zhang, X.L. Tang, J.H. Yi, S.Y. Chen, A.D. Yang, J. Yang, Dynamic variation patterns of aconitum alkaloids in daughter root of Aconitum carmichaelii (Fuzi) in the decoction process based on the content changes of nine aconitum alkaloids by HPLC-MS-MS. Iran. J. Pharm. Res. 15(1), 263–273 (2016)PubMedPubMedCentral
14.
Zurück zum Zitat J.L. Liu, Y.M. Hao, Y. Zhao, Y.J. Li, R.L. Qin, C.N. Lv, J.C. Lu, Chemical composition differentiation of Shen-Shuai-Ning granule between combined decoction and separated decoction using HPLC-DAD-ESI-QTOF-MS. Biomed. Chromatogr. 31(9), e3949 (2017)CrossRef J.L. Liu, Y.M. Hao, Y. Zhao, Y.J. Li, R.L. Qin, C.N. Lv, J.C. Lu, Chemical composition differentiation of Shen-Shuai-Ning granule between combined decoction and separated decoction using HPLC-DAD-ESI-QTOF-MS. Biomed. Chromatogr. 31(9), e3949 (2017)CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Q. Tian, Z. Xu, H. Liu, H. Yin, Z.L. Sun, M.C. Chen, Z.X. Li, L. Ma, C.G. Huang, Evaluation of the chemical consistency of Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang prepared by combined and separated decoction methods using high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry coupled with multivariate statistical analysis. J. Sep. Sci. 42(9), 1664–1675 (2019)PubMedCrossRef Q. Tian, Z. Xu, H. Liu, H. Yin, Z.L. Sun, M.C. Chen, Z.X. Li, L. Ma, C.G. Huang, Evaluation of the chemical consistency of Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang prepared by combined and separated decoction methods using high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry coupled with multivariate statistical analysis. J. Sep. Sci. 42(9), 1664–1675 (2019)PubMedCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat R. Guimarães, L. Barros, M. Dueñas, R.C. Calhelha, A.M. Carvalho, C. Santos-Buelga, M.J.R.P. Queiroz, I.C.F.R. Ferreira, Infusion and decoction of wild German chamomile: bioactivity and characterization of organic acids and phenolic compounds. Food Chem. 136(2), 947–954 (2013)PubMedCrossRef R. Guimarães, L. Barros, M. Dueñas, R.C. Calhelha, A.M. Carvalho, C. Santos-Buelga, M.J.R.P. Queiroz, I.C.F.R. Ferreira, Infusion and decoction of wild German chamomile: bioactivity and characterization of organic acids and phenolic compounds. Food Chem. 136(2), 947–954 (2013)PubMedCrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat J.J. Xie, J. Lu, Z.M. Qian, Y. Yu, J.A. Duan, S.P. Li, Optimization and comparison of five methods for extraction of Coniferyl Ferulate from Angelica sinensis. Molecules 14, 555–565 (2009)PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef J.J. Xie, J. Lu, Z.M. Qian, Y. Yu, J.A. Duan, S.P. Li, Optimization and comparison of five methods for extraction of Coniferyl Ferulate from Angelica sinensis. Molecules 14, 555–565 (2009)PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat L.S. Chua, N.A. Latiff, M. Mohamad, Reflux extraction and cleanup process by column chromatography for high yield of andrographolide enriched extract. J. Appl. Res. Med. Aromat. Plants 3(2), 64–70 (2016) L.S. Chua, N.A. Latiff, M. Mohamad, Reflux extraction and cleanup process by column chromatography for high yield of andrographolide enriched extract. J. Appl. Res. Med. Aromat. Plants 3(2), 64–70 (2016)
19.
Zurück zum Zitat A. Fauzantoro, Y. Muharam, M. Gozan, Improvement of nicotine yield by ethanolic heat reflux extraction of Nicotiana tabacum var. Virginia origin of ponorogo. Int. J. Appl. Eng. Res. 12(23), 13891–13897 (2017) A. Fauzantoro, Y. Muharam, M. Gozan, Improvement of nicotine yield by ethanolic heat reflux extraction of Nicotiana tabacum var. Virginia origin of ponorogo. Int. J. Appl. Eng. Res. 12(23), 13891–13897 (2017)
20.
Zurück zum Zitat P. Sati, P. Dhyani, I.D. Bhatt, A. Pandey, Ginkgo biloba flavonoid glycosides in antimicrobial perspective with reference to extraction method. J. Tradit. Complement. Med. 9(1), 15–23 (2019)PubMedCrossRef P. Sati, P. Dhyani, I.D. Bhatt, A. Pandey, Ginkgo biloba flavonoid glycosides in antimicrobial perspective with reference to extraction method. J. Tradit. Complement. Med. 9(1), 15–23 (2019)PubMedCrossRef
21.
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Y. Sun, H.K. Xue, C.H. Liu, C. Liu, X.L. Su, X.Z. Zheng, Comparison of microwave assisted extraction with hot reflux extraction in acquirement and degradation of anthocyanin from powdered blueberry. Int. J. Agric. Biol. Eng. 9(6), 186–199 (2016) Y. Sun, H.K. Xue, C.H. Liu, C. Liu, X.L. Su, X.Z. Zheng, Comparison of microwave assisted extraction with hot reflux extraction in acquirement and degradation of anthocyanin from powdered blueberry. Int. J. Agric. Biol. Eng. 9(6), 186–199 (2016)
23.
Zurück zum Zitat J. Dong, Y. Liu, Z. Liang, W. Wang, Investigation on ultrasound-assisted extraction of salvianolic acid B from Salvia miltiorrhiza root. Ultrason. Sonochem. 17(1), 61–65 (2010)PubMedCrossRef J. Dong, Y. Liu, Z. Liang, W. Wang, Investigation on ultrasound-assisted extraction of salvianolic acid B from Salvia miltiorrhiza root. Ultrason. Sonochem. 17(1), 61–65 (2010)PubMedCrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat J.M. Prado, R. Vardanega, I.C.N. Debien, M.A.A. Meireles, L.N. Gerschenson, H.B. Sowbhagya, S. Chemat, Chapter 6-Conventional extraction (Academic Press, San Diego, Food Waste Recovery, 2015), pp.127–148 J.M. Prado, R. Vardanega, I.C.N. Debien, M.A.A. Meireles, L.N. Gerschenson, H.B. Sowbhagya, S. Chemat, Chapter 6-Conventional extraction (Academic Press, San Diego, Food Waste Recovery, 2015), pp.127–148
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Z.P. Gao, W.M. Zhong, K.Y. Chen, P.Y. Tang, J.J. Guo, Chemical composition and anti-biofilm activity of essential oil from Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis Swingle against Listeria monocytogenes. Ind. Crops Prod. 144, 112036 (2020) Z.P. Gao, W.M. Zhong, K.Y. Chen, P.Y. Tang, J.J. Guo, Chemical composition and anti-biofilm activity of essential oil from Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis Swingle against Listeria monocytogenes. Ind. Crops Prod. 144, 112036 (2020)
26.
Zurück zum Zitat F. He, W. Wang, M.C. Wu, Y.P. Fang, S.Z. Wang, Y. Yang, C. Ye, F. Xiang, Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of essential oil from Atractylodes lancea rhizomes. Ind. Crops Prod. 153, 112552 (2020)CrossRef F. He, W. Wang, M.C. Wu, Y.P. Fang, S.Z. Wang, Y. Yang, C. Ye, F. Xiang, Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of essential oil from Atractylodes lancea rhizomes. Ind. Crops Prod. 153, 112552 (2020)CrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat R. Baranauskienė, V. Bendžiuvienė, O. Ragažinskienė, P.R. Venskutonis, Essential oil composition of five Nepeta species cultivated in Lithuania and evaluation of their bioactivities, toxicity and antioxidant potential of hydrodistillation residues. Food Chem. Toxicol. 129, 269–280 (2019)PubMedCrossRef R. Baranauskienė, V. Bendžiuvienė, O. Ragažinskienė, P.R. Venskutonis, Essential oil composition of five Nepeta species cultivated in Lithuania and evaluation of their bioactivities, toxicity and antioxidant potential of hydrodistillation residues. Food Chem. Toxicol. 129, 269–280 (2019)PubMedCrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat A. Koedam, The Influence of some Distillation Conditions on Essential Oil Composition (Springer, Aromatic Plants, 1982), pp.229–236 A. Koedam, The Influence of some Distillation Conditions on Essential Oil Composition (Springer, Aromatic Plants, 1982), pp.229–236
29.
Zurück zum Zitat C. Xing, C. Qin, X. Li, F. Zhang, R.J. Linhardt, P. Sun, A. Zhang, Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oil isolated by HS-SPME and UAHD from fruits of bergamot. LWT 104, 38–44 (2019)CrossRef C. Xing, C. Qin, X. Li, F. Zhang, R.J. Linhardt, P. Sun, A. Zhang, Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oil isolated by HS-SPME and UAHD from fruits of bergamot. LWT 104, 38–44 (2019)CrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Y. Zhu, H.P. Lv, W.D. Dai, L. Guo, J.F. Tan, Y. Zhang, F.L. Yu, C.Y. Shao, Q.H. Peng, Z. Lin, Separation of aroma components in Xihu Longjing tea using simultaneous distillation extraction with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Sep. Purif. Technol. 164, 146–154 (2016)CrossRef Y. Zhu, H.P. Lv, W.D. Dai, L. Guo, J.F. Tan, Y. Zhang, F.L. Yu, C.Y. Shao, Q.H. Peng, Z. Lin, Separation of aroma components in Xihu Longjing tea using simultaneous distillation extraction with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Sep. Purif. Technol. 164, 146–154 (2016)CrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat F. Chen, K. Mo, Q. Zhang, S. Fei, Y. Zu, L. Yang, A novel approach for distillation of paeonol and simultaneous extraction of paeoniflorin by microwave irradiation using an ionic liquid solution as the reaction medium. Sep. Purif. Technol. 183, 73–82 (2017)CrossRef F. Chen, K. Mo, Q. Zhang, S. Fei, Y. Zu, L. Yang, A novel approach for distillation of paeonol and simultaneous extraction of paeoniflorin by microwave irradiation using an ionic liquid solution as the reaction medium. Sep. Purif. Technol. 183, 73–82 (2017)CrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat V.P. Ribeiro, C. Arruda, J.J.M. Silva, J.A.A. Mejia, N. Furtado, J.K. Bastos, Use of spinning band distillation equipment for fractionation of volatile compounds of Copaifera oleoresins for developing a validated gas chromatographic method and evaluating antimicrobial activity. Biomed. Chromatogr. 33(2), e4412 (2019)PubMedCrossRef V.P. Ribeiro, C. Arruda, J.J.M. Silva, J.A.A. Mejia, N. Furtado, J.K. Bastos, Use of spinning band distillation equipment for fractionation of volatile compounds of Copaifera oleoresins for developing a validated gas chromatographic method and evaluating antimicrobial activity. Biomed. Chromatogr. 33(2), e4412 (2019)PubMedCrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat R. Saidur, E.T. Elcevvadi, S. Mekhilef, A. Safari, H.A. Mohammed, An overview of different distillation methods for small scale applications. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 15(9), 4756–4764 (2011)CrossRef R. Saidur, E.T. Elcevvadi, S. Mekhilef, A. Safari, H.A. Mohammed, An overview of different distillation methods for small scale applications. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 15(9), 4756–4764 (2011)CrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat M. Horvat, N.S. Bloom, L.J.A.C.A. Liang, Comparison of distillation with other current isolation methods for the determination of methyl mercury compounds in low level environmental samples: part 1. Sediments Anal. Chimica Acta 281(1), 135–152 (1993) M. Horvat, N.S. Bloom, L.J.A.C.A. Liang, Comparison of distillation with other current isolation methods for the determination of methyl mercury compounds in low level environmental samples: part 1. Sediments Anal. Chimica Acta 281(1), 135–152 (1993)
35.
Zurück zum Zitat K. Kato, Y. Yoshimura, H. Nakazawa, Y. Ito, H. Oka, Preparation of samples for gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of phthalate and adipate esters in plasma and beverages by steam distillation and extraction. J. AOAC Int. 85(3), 719–723 (2002)PubMedCrossRef K. Kato, Y. Yoshimura, H. Nakazawa, Y. Ito, H. Oka, Preparation of samples for gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of phthalate and adipate esters in plasma and beverages by steam distillation and extraction. J. AOAC Int. 85(3), 719–723 (2002)PubMedCrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat F.V. Soxhlet, Die gewichtsanalytische bestimmung des milchfettes. Dingler’s Polytechnisches J. 232, 461–465 (1879) F.V. Soxhlet, Die gewichtsanalytische bestimmung des milchfettes. Dingler’s Polytechnisches J. 232, 461–465 (1879)
37.
Zurück zum Zitat M.D. Luque de Castro, F. Priego-Capote, Soxhlet extraction: Past and present panacea. J. Chromatogr. A 1217(16), 2383–2389 (2010)PubMedCrossRef M.D. Luque de Castro, F. Priego-Capote, Soxhlet extraction: Past and present panacea. J. Chromatogr. A 1217(16), 2383–2389 (2010)PubMedCrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat I. Fernandez-Pastor, A. Fernandez-Hernandez, S. Perez-Criado, F. Rivas, A. Martinez, A. Garcia-Granados, A. Parra, Microwave-assisted extraction versus Soxhlet extraction to determine triterpene acids in olive skins. J. Sep. Sci. 40(5), 1209–1217 (2017)PubMedCrossRef I. Fernandez-Pastor, A. Fernandez-Hernandez, S. Perez-Criado, F. Rivas, A. Martinez, A. Garcia-Granados, A. Parra, Microwave-assisted extraction versus Soxhlet extraction to determine triterpene acids in olive skins. J. Sep. Sci. 40(5), 1209–1217 (2017)PubMedCrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat L. Nuralın, M. Gürü, S. Çete, Extraction and quantification of some valuable flavonoids from pinecone of Pinus brutia via Soxhlet and Supercritical CO2 extraction: a comparison study. Chem. Pap. 75(10), 5363–5373 (2021)CrossRef L. Nuralın, M. Gürü, S. Çete, Extraction and quantification of some valuable flavonoids from pinecone of Pinus brutia via Soxhlet and Supercritical CO2 extraction: a comparison study. Chem. Pap. 75(10), 5363–5373 (2021)CrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat G. Ren, F. Chen, Simultaneous quantification of ginsenosides in American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolium) root powder by Visible/Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy. J. Agric. Food Chem. 47(7), 2771–2775 (1999)PubMedCrossRef G. Ren, F. Chen, Simultaneous quantification of ginsenosides in American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolium) root powder by Visible/Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy. J. Agric. Food Chem. 47(7), 2771–2775 (1999)PubMedCrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat G.C. Kite, M.J.R. Howes, C.J. Leon, M.S.J. Simmonds, Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry of malonyl-ginsenosides in the authentication of ginseng. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 17(3), 238–244 (2003)PubMedCrossRef G.C. Kite, M.J.R. Howes, C.J. Leon, M.S.J. Simmonds, Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry of malonyl-ginsenosides in the authentication of ginseng. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 17(3), 238–244 (2003)PubMedCrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Z. Liu, Y. Li, X. Li, C.C. Ruan, L.J. Wang, G.Z. Sun, The effects of dynamic changes of malonyl ginsenosides on evaluation and quality control of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 64–65, 56–63 (2012) Z. Liu, Y. Li, X. Li, C.C. Ruan, L.J. Wang, G.Z. Sun, The effects of dynamic changes of malonyl ginsenosides on evaluation and quality control of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 64–65, 56–63 (2012)
43.
Zurück zum Zitat M. Waksmundzka-Hajnos, D. Wianowska, A. Oniszczuk, A.L. Dawidowicz, Effect of sample-preparation methods on the quantification of selected flavonoids in plant materials by high performance liquid chromatography. Acta Chromatogr. 20(3), 475–488 (2008)CrossRef M. Waksmundzka-Hajnos, D. Wianowska, A. Oniszczuk, A.L. Dawidowicz, Effect of sample-preparation methods on the quantification of selected flavonoids in plant materials by high performance liquid chromatography. Acta Chromatogr. 20(3), 475–488 (2008)CrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat L.E. García-Ayuso, M. Sánchez, A. Fernández de Alba, M.D. Luque de Castro, Focused microwave-assisted soxhlet: an advantageous tool for sample extraction. Anal. Chem. 70(11), 2426–2431 (1998)PubMedCrossRef L.E. García-Ayuso, M. Sánchez, A. Fernández de Alba, M.D. Luque de Castro, Focused microwave-assisted soxhlet: an advantageous tool for sample extraction. Anal. Chem. 70(11), 2426–2431 (1998)PubMedCrossRef
45.
Zurück zum Zitat J.L. Luque-Garcia, M.D. Luque de Castro, Focused microwave-assisted Soxhlet extraction: devices and applications. Talanta 64(3), 571–577 (2004)PubMedCrossRef J.L. Luque-Garcia, M.D. Luque de Castro, Focused microwave-assisted Soxhlet extraction: devices and applications. Talanta 64(3), 571–577 (2004)PubMedCrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat R.C. Prados-Rosales, J.L. Luque Garcia, M.D. Luque de Castro, Rapid analytical method for the determination of pesticide residues in sunflower seeds based on focused microwave-assisted Soxhlet extraction prior to gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 993(1), 121–129 (2003) R.C. Prados-Rosales, J.L. Luque Garcia, M.D. Luque de Castro, Rapid analytical method for the determination of pesticide residues in sunflower seeds based on focused microwave-assisted Soxhlet extraction prior to gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 993(1), 121–129 (2003)
47.
Zurück zum Zitat J.L. Luque-Garcia, M.D. Luque de Castro, Ultrasound-assisted Soxhlet extraction: an expeditive approach for solid sample treatment: application to the extraction of total fat from oleaginous seeds. J. Chromatogr. A 1034(1), 237–242 (2004)PubMedCrossRef J.L. Luque-Garcia, M.D. Luque de Castro, Ultrasound-assisted Soxhlet extraction: an expeditive approach for solid sample treatment: application to the extraction of total fat from oleaginous seeds. J. Chromatogr. A 1034(1), 237–242 (2004)PubMedCrossRef
48.
Zurück zum Zitat J.L. Bernal, M.J. del Nozal, J.J. Jiménez, Use of a high-pressure Soxhlet extractor for the determination of organochlorine residues by gas chromatography. Chromatographia 34(9), 468–474 (1992)CrossRef J.L. Bernal, M.J. del Nozal, J.J. Jiménez, Use of a high-pressure Soxhlet extractor for the determination of organochlorine residues by gas chromatography. Chromatographia 34(9), 468–474 (1992)CrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat S.G. Pleva, M.W. Ellzy, Applications of a high pressure soxhlet extractor using liquid CO2 for the extraction of organic phosphonates from solid adsorbents. (Edgewood Research Development and Engineering Center, Aberdeen Proving Groundmd, 1998), pp. 7–23 S.G. Pleva, M.W. Ellzy, Applications of a high pressure soxhlet extractor using liquid CO2 for the extraction of organic phosphonates from solid adsorbents. (Edgewood Research Development and Engineering Center, Aberdeen Proving Groundmd, 1998), pp. 7–23
50.
Zurück zum Zitat J.L. Bernal, M.J. del Nozal, J.J. Jimenez, Use of a high-pressure Soxhlet extractor for the determination of organochlorine residues by gas chromatography. Chromatographia 34(9), 468–474 (1992)CrossRef J.L. Bernal, M.J. del Nozal, J.J. Jimenez, Use of a high-pressure Soxhlet extractor for the determination of organochlorine residues by gas chromatography. Chromatographia 34(9), 468–474 (1992)CrossRef
51.
Zurück zum Zitat K.M. Scholsky, Fractionation of low molecular weight polyethylene by high-pressure soxhlet extraction. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 47(9), 1633–1641 (1993)CrossRef K.M. Scholsky, Fractionation of low molecular weight polyethylene by high-pressure soxhlet extraction. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 47(9), 1633–1641 (1993)CrossRef
52.
Zurück zum Zitat W. Head Jr., H. Beal, W. Lauter, Ultrasonic extraction of Cinchona succirubra. J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. (Sci. ed.) 45(4), 239–242 (1956)CrossRef W. Head Jr., H. Beal, W. Lauter, Ultrasonic extraction of Cinchona succirubra. J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. (Sci. ed.) 45(4), 239–242 (1956)CrossRef
53.
Zurück zum Zitat M.J. Khan, H. Mangesh, A. Ahirwar, B. Schoefs, A. Pugazhendhi, S. Varjani, K. Rajendran, S.K. Bhatia, G.D. Saratale, R.G. Saratale, Insights into diatom microalgal farming for treatment of wastewater and pretreatment of algal cells by ultrasonication for value creation. Environ. Res. 201, 111550 (2021)PubMedCrossRef M.J. Khan, H. Mangesh, A. Ahirwar, B. Schoefs, A. Pugazhendhi, S. Varjani, K. Rajendran, S.K. Bhatia, G.D. Saratale, R.G. Saratale, Insights into diatom microalgal farming for treatment of wastewater and pretreatment of algal cells by ultrasonication for value creation. Environ. Res. 201, 111550 (2021)PubMedCrossRef
54.
Zurück zum Zitat T.J. Mason, Sonochemistry: current uses and future prospects in the chemical and processing industries. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 357(1751), 355–369 (1999)CrossRef T.J. Mason, Sonochemistry: current uses and future prospects in the chemical and processing industries. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 357(1751), 355–369 (1999)CrossRef
55.
Zurück zum Zitat H. Zhang, G. Xie, M. Tian, Q. Pu, M. Qin, Optimization of the ultrasonic-assisted extraction of bioactive flavonoids from Ampelopsis grossedentata and subsequent separation and purification of two flavonoid aglycones by high-speed counter-current chromatography. Molecules 21(8), 1096 (2016)PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef H. Zhang, G. Xie, M. Tian, Q. Pu, M. Qin, Optimization of the ultrasonic-assisted extraction of bioactive flavonoids from Ampelopsis grossedentata and subsequent separation and purification of two flavonoid aglycones by high-speed counter-current chromatography. Molecules 21(8), 1096 (2016)PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
56.
Zurück zum Zitat K.H. Wong, G.Q. Li, K.M. Li, V. Razmovski-Naumovski, K. Chan, Optimisation of Pueraria isoflavonoids by response surface methodology using ultrasonic-assisted extraction. Food Chem. 231, 231–237 (2017)PubMedCrossRef K.H. Wong, G.Q. Li, K.M. Li, V. Razmovski-Naumovski, K. Chan, Optimisation of Pueraria isoflavonoids by response surface methodology using ultrasonic-assisted extraction. Food Chem. 231, 231–237 (2017)PubMedCrossRef
57.
Zurück zum Zitat A.A. Jovanovic, V.B. Dordevic, G.M. Zdunic, D.S. Pljevljakušic K.P. Savikin, D.M. Godevac, B.M. Bugarski, Optimization of the extraction process of polyphenols from Thymus serpyllum L. herb using maceration, heat-and ultrasound-assisted techniques. Sep. Purif. Technol. 179, 369–380 (2017) A.A. Jovanovic, V.B. Dordevic, G.M. Zdunic, D.S. Pljevljakušic K.P. Savikin, D.M. Godevac, B.M. Bugarski, Optimization of the extraction process of polyphenols from Thymus serpyllum L. herb using maceration, heat-and ultrasound-assisted techniques. Sep. Purif. Technol. 179, 369–380 (2017)
58.
Zurück zum Zitat A. Pandey, T. Belwal, K.C. Sekar, I.D. Bhatt, R.S. Rawal, Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of phenolics and antioxidant compounds from rhizomes of Rheum moorcroftianum using response surface methodology (RSM). Ind. Crops Prod. 119, 218–225 (2018)CrossRef A. Pandey, T. Belwal, K.C. Sekar, I.D. Bhatt, R.S. Rawal, Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of phenolics and antioxidant compounds from rhizomes of Rheum moorcroftianum using response surface methodology (RSM). Ind. Crops Prod. 119, 218–225 (2018)CrossRef
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Y. Zhao, Y.Y. Shi, H.X. Yang, L.J. Mao, Extraction of Angelica sinensis polysaccharides using ultrasound-assisted way and its bioactivity. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 88, 44–50 (2016)PubMedCrossRef Y. Zhao, Y.Y. Shi, H.X. Yang, L.J. Mao, Extraction of Angelica sinensis polysaccharides using ultrasound-assisted way and its bioactivity. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 88, 44–50 (2016)PubMedCrossRef
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Y.J. Liu, X.L. Mo, X.Z. Tang, J.H. Li, M.B. Hu, D. Yan, W. Peng, C.J. Wu, Extraction optimization, characterization, and bioactivities of polysaccharides from Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum Cum Alumine employing ultrasound-assisted extraction. Molecules 22(6), 965 (2017)PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Y.J. Liu, X.L. Mo, X.Z. Tang, J.H. Li, M.B. Hu, D. Yan, W. Peng, C.J. Wu, Extraction optimization, characterization, and bioactivities of polysaccharides from Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum Cum Alumine employing ultrasound-assisted extraction. Molecules 22(6), 965 (2017)PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
61.
Zurück zum Zitat W. Zhu, X. Xue, Z. Zhang, Ultrasonic-assisted extraction, structure and antitumor activity of polysaccharide from Polygonum multiflorum. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 91, 132–142 (2016)PubMedCrossRef W. Zhu, X. Xue, Z. Zhang, Ultrasonic-assisted extraction, structure and antitumor activity of polysaccharide from Polygonum multiflorum. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 91, 132–142 (2016)PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Conventional Methods of Sample Preparation for Quality Control of Chinese Medicines
verfasst von
Min Song
Ling Qiu
Yu Liu
Ze-Yu Wang
Qing-Wen Zhang
Copyright-Jahr
2024
Verlag
Springer Nature Singapore
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-9871-5_9

    Marktübersichten

    Die im Laufe eines Jahres in der „adhäsion“ veröffentlichten Marktübersichten helfen Anwendern verschiedenster Branchen, sich einen gezielten Überblick über Lieferantenangebote zu verschaffen.