Cooperative Design, Visualization, and Engineering

With increasing availability of location-acquisition technologies, huge volumes of data tracking transportation system have been collected. These data are highly valuable for unveiling human mobility patterns, transportation system utilization, and urban planning. However, it is still highly challenging to visualize and explore transportation data. In this paper, an interactive visual analytic system, TranSeVis has been proposed. It has two visualization modules, one named region view provides geographical information and effective temporal information comparison, the other named road view provides detailed visual analysis of mobility factors along routes or congestions spots. Besides, two case studies have been used to evaluate the visualization techniques and real-world taxi data sets have been used to demonstrate TranSeVis. Based on the results, TranSeVis offers transportation researchers an easy-to-use, efficient, and scalable platform to visualize and explore transportation data.

Herein, we propose a web-based tiled display wall (TDW) system that is capable of supporting collaborative activities among multiple remote sites. Known as the Cooperative Workspace Driver (ChOWDER), this system introduces the virtual display area (VDA) concept as a method for handling various display configuration environments with different physical resolutions and aspect ratios. This concept, which is one of ChOWDER’s key features, allows ad hoc participation among multiple sites to facilitate remote collaboration and cooperative work.

We designed a 3D mobile interaction technique that utilizes mobile devices as 3D user interfaces to facilitate the use of the user’s natural skills to control public displays. To achieve this, we provide three layers of interaction, where users can see and share content at the same time. Another feature of our user interface is that it provides different tools for information seeking, such as new content creation. In this paper we present a study that examined how these tools were being used in three different scenario-based case studies. The results of this study indicate that participants found these tools useful.

This paper evaluates alternative view coordination methods for linked smart-phone large-display multi-device environments and proposes an approach whereby selections made using different displays can be coordinated in order to facilitate different degrees of autonomous and collaborative working. This involves different types of selection made by users on individual private mobile devices being combined on the main public display with individual users having the option to press a button and retrieve another user’s selection from the main display. Our proposed method is developed and evaluated using the HotelFinder application which runs on several smart-phone devices connected to a large-display and allows users to find a hotel using coordinated map and scatter-plot views showing hotel location, price and review statistics.

Today, the cloud offers a large array of possibilities for storage, with this flexibility comes also complexity. This complexity stems from the variety of storage mediums, such as, blob storage or NoSQL tables, and also from the different cost tiers within these systems. A strategic thinking to navigate this complex cloud storage landscape is important, not only for cost saving but also for prioritizing information, this prioritization has wider implications in other domains such as the Big Data realm, especially for governance and efficiency. In this paper we propose a strategy centered around probabilistic graphical model (PGM), this heuristic oriented management and organizational strategy allows more tractability and efficiency, we also illustrate this approach with a case study applied to the insurance field.

One common functionality in cloud storage systems is file sharing and collaboration, which allows multiple users to share and concurrently manipulate files in common folders or workspaces. Concurrent updates of common files may, however, result in inconsistent results. In this paper, we report some discoveries from applying a comprehensive suite of concurrency benchmark (test cases) to major cloud storage systems, including Microsoft OneDrive, Google Drive, and Dropbox. These discoveries contribute to the general knowledge about consistency issues in existing cloud storage systems.

Service robots face many complicated scenarios. They are required to be smarter and more efficient than industrial robots. We believe that cloud computing technology can help to satisfy such requirements. However, there are still not mature cloud architectures that aim particularly at service robots. In this paper, we propose a cloud architecture for service robots. We present the implementation of the architecture and a demonstrator for concept proof.

In traditional FBS framework, the innovative design thinking of cooperative design is given, but there is a lack of standardized description of design elements (function, behavior, and structure). This paper proposes an expression model combining Living systems theory (LST) and FBS framework. This method expresses design elements of the FBS model which are function, behavior, and structure based on LST. A logical and standardized functional expression method is presented by combined with functional vocabularies and the 20 key subsystems in LST. The structural behavior sets are given by quoting the process parameters of LST and the structural expression consistent with the functional expression clearly define the design output. The LST-FBS model shows a standardized expression and mapping method between function, behavior, and structure, which facilitates computerization of conceptual design. Finally, we demonstrate the LST-FBS model by applying it to the variant design of a diesel engine design.

Most past research efforts in co-editing have focused on homogeneous co-editing, where users use the same editor to collaborate, but little has been done on supporting heterogeneous co-editing, where users may use different editors to collaborate. In this work, we explore the rationales behind the design of CoVim+CoEmacs heterogeneous co-editing system, which allows rivaling Vim and Emacs users to edit shared documents in the same real-time session. We argue that heterogeneous co-editing can provide a platform for rivaling editors to co-exist and allow advocates of different editors to appreciate each other. In this paper, we report our findings on the main benefits of heterogeneous co-editing and its potential role in resolving the “holy war” between Vim and Emacs.

A multi-synchronous collaborative editor allows for both synchronous and asynchronous editing. People can either edit a shared document from different sites simultaneously and see the concurrent updates immediately. Or they can edit the document independently and merge the changes at a later time. This paper presents our initial support for multi-synchronous sessions in the collaborative editing system we have implemented, as well as our experience with the system and open issues for future work.

Project Definition is the project phase during which the needs and values of project stakeholders are identified, and appropriate design solutions are developed to satisfy them. However, traditional briefing practices have proved to be inadequate in complex projects involving a great number of stakeholders with, in many cases, conflicting needs and requirements. Moreover, these stakeholders often do not have the skillsets to understand and challenge the brief content or the design solutions proposed by the design professionals.Different approaches have been proposed to improve the Project Definition process in order to deliver buildings with a better fit for use or purpose. This paper explores three of these approaches: Lean-led Design, Evidence-Based Design and Integrated Design. 3D Modeling is also considered for facilitating users understanding of the design solutions. Using a Canadian case study, for which these approaches were adopted and leveraged using BIM, this research highlights opportunities to derive core principles and methods from these approaches into a unified process to break the barrier between the client and the supply chain regarding the identification and management of users’ requirements.

This paper explores how to effectively integrate building specifications into a BIM process. This research found that all the software that claims to include specifications in a BIM process are actually specification drafting software and are not very useful for contractors and subcontractor who needs to use specifications in mobile contexts such as production or construction sites. A new approach to integrating specifications into a BIM-based collaboration process has been proposed. A collaborative process has been formalized, with three levels of integration. One of these levels is prototyped and shows how it is possible to give access to construction specification from mobile devices on a construction site. Both the process and the prototype are evaluated with practitioners.

This paper aims to study the process of the collective architectural conception. We propose to analyze the collective practices in architecture through the exploration of various situations of collective design. Otherwise, we carried out an architecturological study of the architectural design process of some artifacts observed within three architectural agencies. In order to describe the model that characterizes the agency, we question the recurrent cognitive operations from an architecturological analysis grid that allows to identify the repetitions between the processes. Recurrent methodical and representational operations have been also identified; together they characterize the “architecturological style” of the agency. In the same way, organizational and graphical recurrences have been decrypted from the analysis of the empirical charters set up in architecture agencies. All of these recurrences constitute signs of the existence of a designer’s collective signature that we suggest to name “collective style”.

The climate policy of game theory-based understanding could be used to find some insights about how players might implement different policies. To address this issue, the cooperative climate decision-making model by using agent-based simulation and optimization is established, and the solution of the non-cooperative climate game through particle swarm optimization (PSO) is developed in this paper. Firstly, learning agents are introduced to represent several players in climate game, evolutionary strategy using the decision-making and evaluation model based on individual interests and collective interests of Nash equilibrium is proposed. Then, the nonlinear fitness function of the PSO is designed, as well as the parameter selection and analysis. Finally, the Simulation experiments are performed by the nonlinear function and compared with Genetic Algorithm (GA). Experiment results showed that the proposed algorithm in this paper achieves the expected effect with fast response ability and the model can guide all agents to make a choice rationally in the process of non-cooperative game, so that the individual benefits and collective benefits reach the Nash equilibrium.

With the recent signing of the peace agreement in Colombia, we know that a process of reinsertion into the civilian life of the members of the newly dissolved armed group known as FARC will come along with it. Therefore, some doubts remain regarding the success that such reinsertion may have and the effects that it may cause in the Colombian population.

We present a case study of joint digital simulator in a virtual campus that aims to use cloud-based technology to facilitate management of knowledge from different actors and competence development of personnel that will be engaged in search and rescue operations in the High North.

In recent years, the quality requirement of power supply has been significantly increased in smart grid industry. As most of the current substations are in an unattended or under-represented state, it is difficult for us to detect the defect of power equipment and other potential safety hazards in time. To solve this problem, we propose an intelligent interactive system based on patrol robots which have multi-source perceptions. Our proposed system consists of three main parts: a Backstage Management System that is designed for data analysis, image processing, automatic alarms and scheduling optimization; an automatic Patrol Robot System that is capable of path planning, image recognition and speech signal processing; and finally a Communication System which enables communication between human and robots, as well as the cooperation between different patrol robots.

This paper considers a cyber-physical system consisting of a user, a robot and the computing resources in the cloud. Specifically, the robot reads the emotional state of the user and relies on the cloud to determine the most appropriate action on the environment. Since this process generally involves several interactions until user comfort is achieved, its real-timeliness becomes a critical issue. This problem is addressed in this paper by using a Markovian representation of the emotional state sequence.

This article details the development of a project that involves robotics and network communications. It consists on controlling a PhantomX Pincher AX-12 robot from Dynamixel through an app. The app was developed on the Android system and it has an intuitive and easy-to-use GUI (Graphic User Interface). The project requires an additional entity serving as an intermediary between the robot and the smartphone, which in this case is a PC. It will be in charge of communication, information processing and saving the trajectories during the teleoperation. The PC and the smartphone communicate via the UDP protocol, through an easy and simple transmission. Successful teleoperation of a simple robot was achieved, using a smartphone and a personal computer thus avoiding the costs of control acquisition and communication devices.

“Today’s frontiers are not at the edge of the known world, but at the heart of global cities” [1].Two International Summer Schools entitled “Frontier Zones,” carried out as collaborative projects by one Brazilian and three German universities, highlight the value of experience-based learning approaches and the method of documentary filmmaking with the focus on the audiovisual without explanatory words. To find out what frontier zones in modern urban areas are, we explored the urbanism applying the method of documentary filmmaking as a medium to reveal new insights and readings of the contemporary city. These case studies emphasize new forms of transdisciplinary research on the urbanism of global cities.In analyzing and comparing the conceptual framework of the two Summer Schools with different schedules and different ways in which the participants were asked to work, the author demonstrates the potential benefits of the binational and transdisciplinary working environment when seeking answers to urban “frontier zones” challenges.

This paper deals with a CAD-like tool supporting the conceptual phase of a visual design process. A new design system supporting collaboration among different domain designers is proposed. The system is based on visual languages of icons, graph patterns and graph rewriting. It offers a simple graphical interface, where various sets of icons representing design structural components can be specified by different designers. Graph nodes labelled by icons are arranged by users to create graphs representing spatial and structural relationships between components of design drawings. The system provides schemes of rules, which are most often applied to develop graphs. Cooperating designers can extend existing or add new rule schemes in order to modify graphs being generated according to their needs. Moreover, the system supports attributed graphs which allow for propagating semantic information and capturing parametric modeling knowledge. The approach is illustrated on examples of designing bridges, gardens and different forms of buildings.

Fitting a new architectural object into existing context requires thorough investigation of local environment, including its cultural and historical background. This paper summarizes problems connected with designing architecture in context and raises an idea of a system able to automatically generate architectural forms with regard to the surroundings. On the basis of reference buildings’ models, graph grammars are created and used for constructing new prototypes which possess a character of the place they belong to. Methods of adaptation of an automatically created grammar to the designer’s needs are proposed.

As an emerging intelligent product, smart locks have not been widely used, with a late start. Users are facing with some problems of personal information input and output, and interaction with smart locks. This paper engages with this concern by presenting a double-funnel user research model of smart lock design. By surveying the current smart lock market, we devised a distributed system framework of cooperative user experience design. We also analyzed the relationship between the double-funnel user research and the cooperative user experience. Finally, we explored an application of the theoretical model of cooperative user experience on the smart lock design practice.

Although Immersive Analytics solutions are now developed in order to ease data analysis, cyber security systems are still using classical graphical representations and are not harnessing yet the potential of virtual reality systems and collaborative virtual environments. 3D Collaborative Virtual Environments (3DCVE) can be used in order to merge learning and data analysis approaches, as they can allow users to have a better understanding of a cyber situation by mediating interactions towards them and also by providing different points of view of the same data, on different scales. So we propose a 3D Cyber Common Operational Picture (3D CyberCOP) that will allow operators to face together a situation by using immersive and non immersive visualizations and by collaborating through user-defined roles. After visiting French Security Operations Centers (SOCs), we have defined a collaborative interaction model and some use-cases, to assess of the effectiveness of our solution.

To solve the demand-attribute conflict problem of product low carbon design, a conflict coordination method, which integrates TRIZ (Theory of Inventive Problem Solving) and Extenics, is put forward. The low-carbon attributes are mapped to the product structures that is related to the core conflict problem. And then, the complex conflict problems are transformed to simple and independent ones relatively. The conflict problems with single or multi structure are coordinated by a formal conflict model and we can calculate the coordination probabilities to get a design scheme guide. At the end, a carbon footprint requirement for a screw compressor is taken as an example to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the coordination method.

Efficient construction management is highly depending on respective persons in charge and their ability to steer the inherent complex flow of information. A lack of standardized short-term task scheduling and monitoring routines as well as not fully reached potentials of digital aids have been identified by authors. Both short-comings are tackled in this paper introducing a location-based scheduling and monitoring concept, which has been implemented in an interactive Dashboard application for the construction site. A tiered Location-based Management System (LBMS) methodology, which incorporates process monitoring on the lowest measureable level have been introduced. The Dashboard application can be used by different stakeholders of a construction project to monitor the work performance, progress and productivity on a daily basis. In Dashboard, KPIs like PAR, PPC, RNC as well as generic parameters describing progress, delays and economic losses have been included. This application aims to improve productivity, collaboration between project participants as well provide tailored information to the user. To reach this goal the following methods and technologies have been adopted: LBMS, Tiered Structure methodology and BIM.

The design and development process of complex products is a multi-disciplinary collaborative process, which requires the cooperation of distributed teams. However, traditional simulation methods are usually discipline-oriented and there is a lack of efficiency in terms of share and reuse of the existing simulation models in a distributed and collaborative environment. In order to address this problem, we propose a multi-level knowledge framework for simulation model knowledge representation, retrieval and reasoning. Specifically, a simulation knowledge model by the name of “Engineering-APP” is developed to enable simulation knowledge sharing by using Web Service technology. The Engineering-APP model represents an integrated simulation knowledge wrapper, which includes information about the geometric model, design algorithm or analysis codes. Based on the Engineering-APP model, an intelligent collaborative prototype system is developed to support the design process with different stakeholders. Through an engineering case study, it is demonstrated that the proposed framework and Engineering-APP are effective and efficient for the representation and reuse of existing simulation models knowledge.

A framework to develop inputs for production visualization and decision analysis was developed for a manufacturer of windows to renovation market (custom products). The proposed framework creates a pre-planning phase for analysis and production decision taking in a company currently implementing a new ERP system. This planning uses linear programming to model different scenarios for analysis as: (i) minimize the PVC material consumption by modeling the CSP (Cutting Stock Problem), (ii) minimize the assembly time in the line or optimizing the flow based on the window configurations, (iii) minimize the assembly workers solving the ASBL (Assembly Line Balancing) problem. A complete case study is presented for the CSP problem on scenario (i).

Design rationale knowledge is to solve problems based on the thinking of designers. It is an important design process knowledge. Design rationale knowledge model is an effective method to obtain and express design rationale. This paper proposes two reduction methods for design rationale knowledge model to improve the efficiency of designers’ reuse of design rationale knowledge model. The structure reduction method introduces quotient space theory to extract design intent - decision structure and building hierarchical structure. The semantic reduction method is based on improved manifolds ranking algorithm. The algorithm ranks the relevance of the design rationale knowledge segments and retains the high-relevance segments to form the core of the design process. The semantic reduction method realizes deletion of redundant information in the design rationale knowledge model, improves collaborative design efficiency. The two methods are verified by developing a prototype system, improving the efficiency of designers’ collaborative design.

To solve the problem of some system models with insufficient ability of supporting design process knowledge presentation, we propose an extension method for the systems Modeling Language (SysML) that supports the design rationale model in a collaborative design environment. We introduce the design rationale knowledge model into system modeling. Through this method, the expressiveness of the design context is enhanced. The designers’ understanding to the overall scheme can be improved.

Over the last few years, telecommunications fraud has caused substantial economic losses. A bank fraud management system is a cooperative system, which needs the data integrated from multiple sources and cooperative work among different departments. In this paper, we design a cooperative workflow for telecommunications fraud control and propose a network embedding based approach for telecommunications fraud detection. We conduct experiments on real-world data to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

This article details the design of a web application working alongside a device that uses sensors to capture and transmit data related to the brain’s activity (normal or abnormal) from a patient who experiences symptoms of epilepsy. The purpose is to prevent this disease from causing harm and irreversible effects on that specific population. The sensors are powered by a mobile device that connects via Bluetooth when changes are detected. Then, a signal is transmitted which is analyzed using neural networks for the debugging and processing of the information. A decision is then made regarding the state of the patient who could be suffering from an epileptic seizure. In such case, a report is issued in order to save his life. Specific characteristics found in people with critical episodes of epilepsy are combined with a hybrid system consisting of a logical controller based on an Adaptive System of Neural-Diffuse Inference (ANFIS). This study concludes that the model validated with a database including 198 signs in the years 2010, 2011 and 2012 has an accuracy of 95.5% in diagnosing or predicting an epileptic seizure. The performance matches the accuracy found in other techniques.

Design rationale is an explicit expression of the reasons behind decision making when designing an artifact. Despite its potential wide usage recognized by researchers and practitioners, it is still hard to be captured in practice. Most of research considered design rationale as a kind of tool from the scientific and engineering view and ignored humanity factor from the management view. From the perspective of knowledge management, we provide an introduction to the definition, acquisition, representation, integration, application of design rationale in this paper. We conclude with a discussion about the potential causes why the design rationale is hard to capture.

A solution to care services crisis by using current technology in which an incentive-based system is proposed. A method for trading care services using cryptocredit is suggested to facilitate a citizen to citizen collaboration. Based on blockchain technology, citizens can trade care services among each other.

With the progresses of meteorological informatization, large amounts of meteorological data were accumulated. For the better application of these data, this research introduced data mining and applied it to analysis meteorological disaster, which can extract implicit, and potential useful information from a large amount of data in order to guide agricultural production. Meteorological disaster data affecting tea production were analyzed based on Apriori algorithm in this research, and the strong association rules between meteorological factors and reduction rate of tea yield were found. The results showed that the reduction rate of tea yield is closely related to the daily minimum temperature in the germination stage. When the daily minimum temperature was less than 5 °C, the tea would be affected by the cold and freezing damage and the tea yield would decrease, the lower the temperature, the greater the cold and freezing damage.

This paper establishes a man-machine cooperation system to extract hidden shooting location information from the image data. The system extracts shadow position information (such as the estimated distance between the camera and the object) with the help of humans. Camera Imaging Model (CIM) is created with the knowledge of earth astronomy. This model maps latitude, longitude, and date factors to shadow space. Solar Projection Model (SPM) is established with the pinhole imaging principle. In the shadow space, a swarm intelligence algorithm, fish swarm algorithm, is used to minimizes the location error. The results show that the system can achieve effective extraction of picture depth information. Our algorithm can reduce the solution error to less than 20 km within 30 s.

High school students often experience high pressure in relation to their learning and social activities, which can increase their worries and anxiety. Giving students access to relevant information and teaching them how to manage anxiety are important for their school performance and wellbeing. Given the wide use of smart phones, local community organisations have decided to develop a mobile application to help high school students cope with anxiety as part of a collaborative project with us. Developing applications for high school students requires thorough understanding of preferences and phone usage habits of this special user group. We followed a user centred and collaborative design approach involving target users throughout the design process and in this paper, we report the activities and findings of this project.

This work aims at facilitating processes of cooperative decision making related to resource allocation in educational organisations. Different institutional units usually have a variety of ways to work, present earlier results, and evaluate what is important for the future. Thus even the involved parties generally agree on the main criteria governing their decisions, they still have to find a way to compare available data and to see to which degree any of the submitted proposals is going to contribute to realizing institutional goals. Employing a decision support system will decrease the amount of manual labor and probability for human error.

Given the difficulty of browsing and analyzing big data via web browsers, using Spark technology, we took the big-data analysis of steel companies as an example to propose a framework for big-data visualization technology. We used HDFS for data storage, Spark for data analysis, Django for web systems, and ECharts for data visualization, ultimately providing a complete visualization solution. Using visualization, we realized price forecasting, sales analysis and production process quality traceability, help enterprises to make decisions and provide support for technological process improvement.

Land use mapping is becoming increasingly important in agriculture. Nowadays, satellite visualizations of farmland are available. On the other hand, the machine learning techniques have been advanced rapidly. This paper comprehensively investigates the use of the recently developed machine learning techniques to automatize land use mapping. Our comprehensive experiments are reported. The results of comparison experiments have demonstrated the performance of the algorithms on land use mapping.

Allowing multiple users to explore data together on the same large display has great potential to help people to work together and solve problems in a more effective and amiable manner. This paper looks at how we can coordinate views between multiple users on a large-display for a simple collaborative task. We compare split-screen and shared-screen methods in order to develop a better understanding of the relative advantages and disadvantages of these methods and outline a new view coordination method that could combine the advantages of both.

For high dimensional and complex tasks, quantum optimization algorithms suffer from the problem of high computational cost. Distributed computing is an efficient way to solve such problems. Therefore, distributed optimization algorithms have become a hotspot for large scale optimization problems with the increasing volume of the data. In this paper, a novel Spark-based distributed quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization algorithm (SDQPSO) was proposed. By submitting the task to a higher computing cluster in parallel, the SDQPSO algorithm can improve the convergence performance.

In traditional word2vec methods, hierarchical softmax algorithm uses the whole vocabulary to construct a Huffman tree and it trains each pair of words just in logarithmic time consumption. But due to the lack of consideration about cooperation of each word in the corpus, it will reduce the performance of language model and the trained word vectors. In this paper, we substitute a purely data-driven method for the original Huffman-tree method to rebuild the binary tree. The new construction method utilizes the semantical and syntactical cooperation of words to cluster the words hierarchically. The cooperation of words is reflected in the word vectors which collected from the initial Huffman-tree training procedure. Our methods substantially improve the performances of word vectors in semantical and syntactical tasks.

The Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry started to integrate Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) solutions in Computer-Aided Architectural Design (CAAD) tools, but their use is mostly limited to visualisation purposes. Few of these tools propose the ability of advanced modelling directly within an immersive environment. To fill this void, we previously proposed a software bridge between Grasshopper, a popular tool for parametric architectural modelling, and the HTC Vive VR headset. This bridge allows to adjust parameter values and get real-time feedback on the corresponding parametric geometries from within a VR environment.In this paper, we discuss how to extend that solution with support for live collaboration as design processes very often involve multiple collaborators. This requires addressing a variety of related challenges such as bandwidth and latency issues, conflicting intents, and virtual co-presence. We describe these challenges and presents ways to tackle them.

Electronic brainstorming (EBS) is one of the most widely studied topics in the fields of information systems (IS) and computer-mediated communication (CMC), but many questions remain as to what is the ideal virtual environment for generating ideas. We review several EBS interfaces originally developed and tested as part of our research over the past 10 years in studying the organization and management of the presentation of users and their content. This includes content spatial partitioning and marking for identifiability or anonymity, as well as certain related social, affective, and cognitive aspects of the user interface. We conclude by discussing the design trends and suggest that IS, human-computer interaction (HCI), and cognitive psychology will benefit from further coalition aimed at improving EBS interfaces.

Aiming to provide a knowledge basis for product redesign and variant design in collaborative design situation, this paper proposed a method of building shared design rationale knowledge model to represent the design consensus about certain design issues by processing and integrating individual design rationale knowledge model. The feasibility of the proposed method is elaborated by the instance of the overall design process about certain aircraft.

Through BIM cloud platform, this paper proposes a multi-party collaborative design approach including information integration and sharing. The approach is based on BIM technology and the co-management theory. We mainly investigate the BIM cloud platform and its application in design process. We believe that the approach can greatly improve the work efficiency and project controllability.

An improved multi-objective grey wolf algorithm with simulated annealing (MOGWO/SA) is proposed in this paper. Compared with origin algorithm, the new multi-objective grey wolf algorithm has combined with simulated annealing algorithm optimization and the new leading wolf selection mechanism, which makes the algorithm with stronger global searching ability and faster rate of convergence. The diversity of non-dominated solutions and ductility of MOGWO/SA are also improved. Finally, MOGWO/SA are applied to the ecological optimal operation of small hydropower stations for both the maximum output of generated energy and the maximum assurance rate of ecological water requirement.

To solve the complex and low efficiency problems of collaborative communication between design and manufacturing, this paper proposes a method for the construction of design rationale knowledge-integrated Model based Definition (MBD) model. Based on the above starting point, the product design knowledge sharing and design-manufacturing communicating mechanisms are proposed to support collaboration. A prototype system is designed and implemented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.