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Erschienen in:
Introduction Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2021 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

6. Crimean Tatar Community in the United States (1960–): From Émigré to Diaspora Nationalism

verfasst von : Filiz Tutku Aydın

Erschienen in: Émigré, Exile, Diaspora, and Transnational Movements of the Crimean Tatars

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

This chapter examines the movements of Crimean Tatar refugees of the Second World War, who settled in the United States, usually after a short stay in Turkey. The first mini-case features the period between 1960 and 1990, in which the refugee movement was divided into political and apolitical branches. A small number engaged in émigré nationalism, by advocating for the contemporary Crimean Tatar collective return movement in the USSR due to the legacy of their earlier frames carried over from nationalist movement in wartime Crimea. The larger group preferred to de-emphasize links to Crimea as they perceived the political and discursive opportunities in the United States were not apt for diasporic activity and bridged frames with the “stagnant” frame of the community in Turkey at the time. After the end of the Cold War, these two movements largely converged to form diaspora nationalism, in the same manner as the simultaneous transformations in Turkey and Romania.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Crimean Tatar Community in Turkey (1908–): From Émigré to Diaspora Nationalism
Nächstes Kapitel Comparison of Cases and Conclusion: Toward a Crimean Tatar Transnational Nation?
Fußnoten
1
Members of Executive Board incuded Feride Yakup, Rıfat İbrahim, Safiye İbrahim, İsmail İbrahim, Talat İbrahim, Mehmet Sevdiyar, Şevket Dolan, Ethem Çelebi, Rıfat İlkson, and Mustafa Altıner (Kırım Türkleri Amerikan Birliği, 2005).
 
2
Supporters of the Crimea Foundation were around 15. These included İbrahim Altan, Abdulhakim Saraylı, Karaşay family, Yunus Molbayli, Mustafa Altan, Yakup Çilen, Ramazan Aytan, and Dursun Giray (Mübeyyin Altan, Interview by author, by letter, 15 April 2009).
 
3
The major tamizdat published by the Crimea Foundation include: Grigorenko, A. (1977) A Kogda Mi Vernemsya [And When We return]; Serdar, M. (Ed.) (1980). Shest Dnei-Belaya Kniga. [Six Days-The White Book], Cemilev, R. (Ed.) (1986b). Jivoi Fakel [Human Torch]; Cemilev, R. (1986a). Musa Mamut: Human Torch. The Crimea Foundation also contributed the publication of the Taskentsky Protses in 1976, one of the most extensive tamizdat compiled on the Crimean Tatar National Movement and mainly sponsored by the Herzen Foundation (Altan, 2001).
 
4
The members of the Crimean Foundation contacted with Peter Reddaway, Edward Allworth, Alan Fisher, Alexandre Bennigsen, and Anne Sheehy.
 
5
Mübeyyin Altan, Interview by author, by letter. 15 April 2009.
 
6
Mübeyyin Altan, Interview by author, by letter, 15 April 2009 and İnci Altuğ Bowman, Interview by author, by letter, 26 March 2009.
 
7
Mübeyyin Altan offers extensive detail on these correspondences: “Letters of appeal were sent to such individuals as Senator James Buckley of New York on January 17, 1976; Senator Edward M Kennedy of Massachusetts on December 16, 1986; Soviet Ambassador Yuri Dubinin on December 16, 1986; King Khalid Ibn Abdulaziz of Saudi Arabia on February 15, 1979; Chairman Egil Aarvik of the Nobel Peace Prize Selection Committee on January 22, 1986; President Ronald Reagan on October 21, 1985; President George Bush on October 1, 1989; and President Bill Clinton on April 25, 1998” (Altan, 2001).
 
8
Their journal Birlik donated to Emel 5000 Turkish Liras in November 1975.
 
9
Many testimonies supporting this fact was given in the documentary titled “Gamalı Haç ve Kızıl Yıldız Arasında” (Between Swastika and Red Star) (Karatay and Karatay 2005). See http://​www.​gamalihac-kizilyildiz.​com/​.
 
Literatur
Cemilev, R. (Ed.) (1986a). Musa Mamut: Human torch. New York: Crimea Foundation.
Cemilev, R. (Ed.) (1986b). Jivoi fakel [Human Torch]. New York: The Crimea Foundation.
Dağcı, C. (1996). Yurdunu Kaybeden Adam [The man who lost his homeland]. Ötüken.
Dağcı, C. (1998). Hatıralarda [In memories]. Ötüken.
Grigorenko, A. (1977). A kogda mi vernemsya [And When we return]. New York: Crimea.
Karatay, N. S., & Karatay Z. (2005). Gamalı haç ve kızıl yıldız arasında [Between swastika and red star] Documentary DVD. İstanbul: TRT İstanbul Televizyonu.
Mayıs 1944-18 Mayıs 1984. (1984). Emel, 141–145, 3–6.
Seidametov, E. (2008). Rolʹ Aĭshe Seitmuratovoĭ v dvizheniia solidarnosti krymskotatarskoĭ diaspory SShA za vozvrashchenie sootechestvennikov na istoricheskuiu rodinu — Krym. Kulʹtura narodov Prichernomorʹia. Krimsʹkiĭ naukoviĭ tsentr NAN Ukraїni i MON Ukraїni (№ 144).
Serdar, M. (Ed.). (1980). Shest dnei: belaya kniga [Six days: the white Book]. New York: Crimea Foundation.
Sevdiyar, M. (1974). Açlık Grevimiz. Birlik 103, 5.
Sevdiyar, M. (1997). Etudy Ob Etnogeneze Krimski Tatar (A study of Crimean Tatar ethnogenesis). Crimea Foundation.
Tashkentskiy Protses [Tashkent Case]. (1976). Amsterdam: Herzen Foundation.
Williams, B. (2001). The Crimean Tatars: The diaspora experience and the forging of a nation. Leiden: Brill.
Yurter, F. R. (2003). Kırım Diyasporası. Self-Publication.
Metadaten
Titel
Crimean Tatar Community in the United States (1960–): From Émigré to Diaspora Nationalism
verfasst von
Filiz Tutku Aydın
Copyright-Jahr
2021
Buch
Émigré, Exile, Diaspora, and Transnational Movements of the Crimean Tatars

Print ISBN: 978-3-030-74123-5

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-74124-2

Copyright-Jahr: 2021

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74124-2_6

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