Current Trends in Economics, Business and Sustainability

The outburst of COVID pandemic affected the economy of various nations across the globe and lives of billions of people. The pandemic virus took away lives of thousands of people. Despite its adverse effect on health of many people, it also affected the livelihood of each family across the Nation. The economy of each country was severely disturbed due to various reasons of restrictions during the pandemic. This study tried to understand the ill effects of Lockdown on the livelihood of street vendors. The crisis faced during covid-19 situation by the hawkers of Tenkasi town was studied.

The application of Big Data, Artificial Intelligence, Advanced Robotics Technology and their interconnectedness for industrial process is known as ‘smart business manufacturing’ which uses these technologies to improve industrial performance and optimize the energy and workforce needs. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a current development in computer science, information technology and advanced commercial manufacturing technology that is changing how manufacturing organizations manufacture from digital to intelligent. In the recent years incorporating the virtual reality technology is used for smart business manufacturing process. It is significant in the perspective of intelligent manufacturing to build a smart business based on network technologies and business manufacturing in order to accomplish advanced manufacturing. The adoption of smart factories should also take into account industrial needs as well as the current state of affairs. Because production has diverse properties, there are still many technological fields and information field needed for overcoming the challenges that are resolved in order to speed up the adoption of business sustainability. The advantages of traditional manufacturing enterprises have been declining as a result of the new challenges. Therefore, compared to other high technology disciplines, intelligent manufacturing technology receives far greater attention from industrialized countries. Three strategies have been put forth by China Manufacturing 2025, Europe 2020 Strategy and Industry 5.0 Strategy. The pace of reindustrialization and manufacturing reflow has sped up in the United States. Due to its profound and lasting effects on global production in the future, the development of intelligent manufacturing has garnered attention.

This study on Moderating Effect of Board Independence and Board Size between Women on Board and ESG has used 28 companies five years data (2017–2021). Eviews software was used for analysis. Multiple Regression was used to find the moderating effect. Board Independence, Board Size and Size of the Company has significant impact on ESG, Environmental, Social and Governance factors. There is no moderating effect of Board Size and Board Independence between Women on Board and ESG. The companies should try to include more Independent Directors so that ESG Score can be improved. Woman on board has no impact on ESG, Environmental and social factors whereas it has significant positive impact on Governance factors. This shows that the companies should include sufficient number of Women Directors in their board which improves their Governance factors because SEBI and other regulatory bodies giving more importance to Corporate Governance factors than their financial results. ESG has an impact on firm performance.

Environmental economics studies the financial impact of environmental policies. Various economy environmental models formulated by economists to convey economic activities and their external effects. Waste management become a global issue. If waste is disposed or recycled in ethical and responsible way it reduces the negative effects on the environment. Currently it is not happening in the case of India around 42 million tons of solid waste generated annually. 3Rs method is the suitable method to manage the waste. Because it integrated sustainable frame work. Urbanization, privatization, huge population etc. are the main reason for huge waste generation. These waste possess various toxic components. So to manage it, we need more system oriented approach. The possible strategies we have to adopt into our system the limitation of it can be resolved step by step. So that these method will be cost effective and possible one for our system. Implementation of strong rules and awareness about the issue also may help some extend to control wastes and to manage waste.

Women have made some strides in the workplace and in achieving gender equality in society over the past 20 years. Today, there are more educated and employed women than ever before, and there is a growing understanding that efforts to combat poverty and advance economic growth must include gender equality. Proof of this awareness can be found in the adoption of the 2030 UN Agenda for Sustainable Development, as well as in the commitment of world leaders to “achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men, including for young people and persons with disabilities, and equal pay for work of equal value,” (Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 8, target 8.5.) as well as “to achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls,” by 2030 (SDG 5). Women's opportunities in the workplace are far from equal to men's, notwithstanding the advancements made thus far and the international commitments to securing future improvement.

Does price discrimination really lead to social welfare or is this an oxymoron? The purpose of this paper is to investigate how price discrimination helps societal welfare. The welfare associated with various degrees of price discrimination is examined with the help of appropriate case studies in the respective field. The findings suggest that social welfare exists in justified price discrimination, but extreme cases are outside the scope of social welfare dynamics. The findings are discussed in terms of the effects of various schemes on various segments of society.

A built-in online buying subculture that urges nearer to the customer no longer solely for strategic planning but additionally for the improvement of online shopping in India focusing on relationship innovation inserting forth the customer at the core of their very own world Relevance: now a goal across all industries disturbing towards operational innovation Technology will convey the potential to deliver the new experiences to consumers. This shift will be an irrevocable migration contributing to entrusted online shoppers. In the buyer’s market, customers are prudent in drawing near & adopting online thrift while buying stuff. During this increased period, patient identification in the behavioral structure whilst shopping for goods or occupation is been regarded as being exuberant. Nevertheless, the Indian online market was once now not significantly affected due to stagnation due to the fact of continuous Endeavour by means of online stores at consistent innovations and the capability to adapt to the evolving market stipulations with the assistance of governmental leverage. Now with the awakening of economies throughout the globe, online entrepreneurs are busy making striving efforts to entreat their consumers through custom-built products and manufacturer oblation. Digitalization will be the mainstream in the coming years. Customers these days are tech farsighted and their changing desires towards the merchandise have been various regionally, professionally, and gender-specific in order to cater to the large online consumer. The competence of buying besides parting your vicinity is of outstanding devotion to many shoppers. Moreover, the use of Internet equipment for charge penetrating and contrast provides an extra benefit in consumers’ ultimate decision, as they can invulnerable their desired items in the closing attainable value.

In this Paper the issues related to socio – economic and financial aspects of Scheduled tribe community are elucidated. The tribal people in the state of Maharashtra are getting marginalized in major socio-economic aspects therefore, Government should undertake a wide range of activities by devising and implementing financial assistance schemes. The present study seeks to analyse the role STFDC for the welfare of Scheduled Tribes in the State of Maharashtra.

COVID-19, like that of the whole world, has also adversely affected the economy of Bangladesh, which has been observing varied recovery across various sectors. Concerns still prevail instead of the seemingly positive growth in one of the dominant drivers of the economy, export. The RMG sector is a labor intensive industry and attracts the least educated migrants coming to cities due to “various push and pull factors”. According to the 2018 Statistical Pocket book the sector employs a ‘workforce of 4 million people’ (of whom 53% workers are women). Although, the migrants’ “lack of education and dearth of proper skill makes garment work highly attractive to them”, while the lack of education makes them most vulnerable to slightest changes in the Industry. Consequently, the workforce itself is becoming vulnerable to the changes brought about by COVID 19 and its multiplier effects in correlation with Industrial Revolution is a matter of concern. Therefore, the study intended to explore the current scenario of Industrial Revolution in the RMG sector, probe the impact of COVID 19 on the RMG Industry of Bangladesh and its workforce and to identify the solutions of the challenges and offer some policy recommendations. In so doing the study has identified that the impact of COVID 19 has been severe on the RMG Industry and its workforce which has been exhibited by the layoff of the workers. The shift from manual production to the automated system although is costly but can be rapid in the time of COVID. COVID 19 has undoubtedly placed a multiplier effect on all the industries. Particularly the RMG industry has become subservient to the problem due to its buyer groups. Particularly its intense competition has always bedridden its willingness to associate with any squandering act rather has always stressed it in the intensified cost focus and adopt various cost minimization strategies mostly centring around cheap sourcing and reduced operating expenses. In line with the cost minimization strategies the industry has weakened its base and therefore is vulnerable to various externalities. Particularly, when COVID 19 has forced for the closure of the industries, it has further eased the choice of adopting technology instead of manpower. But the sudden upsurge of COVID 19 has posed serious dilemma. The Challenges COVID has posed for the project have been the: trend of employee lay off and their not re-joining the workforce partially due to Industrial revolution 4.0 and the limited scope to reskill them and the economies incapacity to absorb them in the labour market is likely to create long term unemployment which may not be beneficial to the economy. The situation will be as follows, when the advent of new technology due to COVID 19, in one hand the demand for the low skilled labour will reduce and therefore people will become jobless while on the other hand technology will demand highly skilled workforce in the and generate further employment for those who will possess new skill and the following policy level changes may be made to adopt with the changes. Therefore the study would recommend for the following policy level recommendations: providing training to the employees at different levels, incentivizing the retention of the workforce in the national budget, promoting and scaling up Research and Innovation through supportive policy planning, diversification of product and market through various promotional and tax break policy and moving towards high value production, which requires human touch through various trade policy.

Climate change is a global issue. It affects every field of life. But when we analyze its impact, we see that agriculture sector is one that is mostly affected. It affects agriculture sector in many ways. It is globally recognized that climate change in Kerala is particularly severe in the areas of crop production, horticulture, coastal areas, forests and health. Therefore the state should adopt mechanisms to ensure that water flows from the fields without diverting it to the water source. Increase revenue, create more job opportunity, reduce risks in agriculture, and develop agriculture infrastructure, improving the quality of rural life these measures can solve the livelihood of farmers and make their lives easier.

Portfolio creation is the practice of investing money in a variety of securities where the overall risk is low and the return is high. Focuses more on risk management than return enhancement. For both individual and institutional investors, building an ideal portfolio is a difficult undertaking. The purpose of this study is to educate investors about the value of Sharpe's Single Index Model for constructing portfolios. Sensex 9 stocks having 5 years of data, or from June 2017 to July 2022, have been taken into consideration for building the portfolio. Nine stocks from the BSE Sensex index for the Banking, Pharmaceutical, and FMCG sector were chosen, and the businesses were rated based on the excess return to beta ratio. The highest value served as the basis for determining the cutoff point. Only eight stocks out of nine were chosen using the Sharpe Single Index Model as the ideal portfolio. The amount of money to be invested in the eight securities that have been chosen is then determined using the cut-off point.The percentage of investment that the investor must make to receive the maximum return. According to the study, Colgate was with 14.25% of the investment, and 13.36% of investments could be made in Ajanta Pharma, indicating that the majority of the funds would likely be invested in its stock. Natco Pharma was next with 13.14%, Emami was next with 12.56%, Union Bank was next with 12.37%, Glen Mark was next with 12.14%, Bank of India was next with 12.07%, and Canara Bank was last with 10.11%.

How audiences consume media has changed as a result of the exceptional global epidemic known as COVID-19.During this time, the use of OTTs became a clear trend. OTT platforms give customers benefits they've never had before, including a range of content, easy access, and a variety of device and medium alternatives, as shown by a number of statistics illustrating the growing market and customer desire for them (hand phone, laptop, tablet, or TV screen).The study's goal is to examine many aspects of OTT, such as screen time and the best times to use data. The researchers combined their qualitative and quantitative methodologies to extrapolate the findings. An audience mapping and analysis survey was also conducted. The study primarily focuses on children and teenagers between the ages of 18 and 25.

The paper aims to advocate for a more integrated and universally accessible health systems, built on the foundations of primary health care and public health system. The prospects for a universal and integrated health systems, the role of a healthy public policy in achieving good health at low cost for all its citizens. Most health systems around the world heavily focuses on illness, are doing little to optimize health and minimize illness burdens, especially for vulnerable groups. This paper aims to Analyse the structure, functioning and accessibility of Primary Health Care through PHCs in Kerala, to understand the various health delivery dimensions of Primary Health Centre’s in the development of Kerala model.

The German government has initiated a strategic programme known as “Industry 4.0”. This initiative’s primary goal is to rebuild industrial manufacturing through digitalization and the potential of cutting-edge technology for entrepreneurship resilience. For the sustainability of businesses, the industry 4.0 manufacturing system is adaptable and offers customised and customised products. The purpose of this article is to convey and ease comprehension of the influence of industry 4.0 on businesses and firms, as well as to analyse the drivers and enablers of industry 4.0 and to research the significance and scope of industry 4.0 in creating business efficiency. Industry 4.0 is primarily driven by robotics and automation technologies, as acknowledged by many enterprises, research institutes, and academic institutions. This paper reviews these advancements in order to understand the relevance of industry 4.0. As a result, the findings of this study will assist academicians and practitioners in determining the study’s relevance to the field’s overall picture.

The strength of a nation's currency is a key metric for assessing its economic trajectory. For the record, the Indian rupee depreciated against the U.S. dollar in July, falling below the psychologically significant level of 80 for the first time, as demand for the greenback increased due to rising crude oil prices and tighter global supply. Dollar distancing is finally taking place, and India needs to promote the rupee as a right, secular option in the context of the shifting global economic landscape. This research paper aims to identify the various causes influencing the value of the Indian rupee, the corrective measures taken by the government to preserve the value of the Indian currency, and to create a model to forecast future currency values based on the factors that have been identified. According to the study, factors influencing the value of the Indian rupee include FDI, foreign reserves, crude oil, imports, and inflation rates. Crude oil and the nation's imports are the two factors that have the most significant on the value of the Indian rupee. The researchers created a model based on multiple regression analysis that forecasts future currency values using crude oil and import values as independent variables and rupee values as the dependent variable.

On world food security as defined by the UN Committee means that people who have adequate access to safe and nutritious food to meet their food inclination and dietary need for a healthy life either physically, socially or economically [1]. On the contrary, food insecurity is the limited access to healthy and nutritious food. It refers to the insufficiency and unaffordability to adequate quantity of food.It is said that India’s top 1% owns more than 50% of the country’s wealth. India being the world’s second largest food producer but also India is a country which is second largest most populated nation of undernourished people in the world (FAO 2015) [1]. India, where the agriculture sector is experiencing buoyant growth in past two years, accounting for 18.8% growth in GVA registered a growth of 3.6% in 2020–21 [2]. The present study seeks to analyse food ssuatainability in India in a detailed manner.

Education acts as an important index of human development. Along with economic growth and empowerment, it forms the core of every social and human development doctrine. Education has a pervasive and influential impact on socioeconomic development. It empowers individuals with the necessary skills and competence for achieving important personal and social goals and thereby contributing to social development. The decreasing rate in population growth in Kerala is reflected in the enrolment ratio. The excess capacity in physical infrastructure will be the great threat before unaided schools of Kerala in the near future. The school management is increasing the fees structure to cope up with the situation. The infrastructural facilities in government schools in Kerala improved a lot. Some Government schools in Kozhikode district are enhanced its infrastructural facilities to international level.

The study was based on MSME after the pandemic, that even though the government tries to rejuvenate the MSME sector soon after COVID-19 with many schemes in order to overcome the pandemic since there is no correct data regarding the MSME and there are many MSMEs and the bulk of them are in the informal sector small and micro enterprises and since they are not registered under the company act or under the factory act so they hardly receive any of the assistance which is announced by the government. The government has announced the provident fund conservation but they are not receiving also the mudra scheme and also Udyog Aadhar memorandum scheme thus there was a problem in reviving the MSME after the Pandemic.

Customers are becoming more aware of the negative impacts of chemicals found in foods. People are increasingly more likely to purchase organic food. It's essential to carry out research to figure out why consumers like to consume organic food. Environmental consciousness, health consciousness, organic consciousness, and marketing consciousness are some of the main driving forces for the purchasing of organic food. In this study, the researcher examines the motivations for buying organic products and analyses if respondents’ views of and intentions to purchase eco-friendly products differ depends on the age and information sources. This paper is an attempt to study consumer’s perception and identified the factors influencing consumers’ attitudes toward organic products in the Tirunelveli District and highlights the purchasing behavior of such products.

One of the main challenges before any fund manager is to construct portfolio whose returns over long period of time can beat the returns generated by market index over the same period of time. The predictive ability of fund managers is examined from the excess return or alpha, as termed under Jenson Model of portfolio evaluation. The fund managers who succeed generating higher value of alpha is considered superior in comparison to the one having low or negative value of alpha. With this goal as the main objective, different strategies from time to time are designed and practiced by portfolio managers. The range of strategies can oscillate between different combinations of Active portfolio management strategies to Passive portfolio strategies. Stock markets movements being dynamic in nature cannot be captured through single style of investment strategy and requires consistent manifestation in investment style and tracking so as to generate return in excess of market index. Quite often, one may witness significant movement in the market index but the sector or the stock in which most of the investors/portfolio managers have committed their funds may not witness movement in the same proportion. This reflects that beta of the stocks or the sectoral indices does not remain constant and keep on changing with time. Therefore, it is imperative for any investor or fund managers to keep track of the market and conduct portfolio revision at periodic intervals. In order to have discipline in the investment style, portfolio manager has to adopt a specific strategy. Among the various strategies being followed by portfolio manager, one of the much talked about strategy is ‘Factor Investing’. Under this strategy, specific factors are given consideration to reallocate the proportion of funds in the existing portfolio with a view to generate excess return over market index. The present study aims to examine the feasibility of Factor investing in India Stock markets using appropriate statistical tests on the returns generated by different indices during the period October, 2020 to October, 2021. Appropriate statistical test using SPSS would be employed to draw meaningful conclusion.

The ‘wage gap’ or the ‘gender pay gap’ refers to the disparity between incomes of men and women for doing the same work. The consistent discrepancy in pay between men and women has brought international attention to it. Despite women constituting the one third of the entire workforce, they are still the underdog. Present study analysis the Gender gap and pay disparity between selected IT employees in Urban Bangalore. This is study aims to identify the gender gap and pay disparity among IT employees, examine the factors influencing the pay disparity and identify the consumption, saving and investment behavior of employees with same income level. Results shows that there is significant difference existing between male and female employees.

This research paper aims to explore the various challenges faced by Islamic banks in India and suggest possible solutions to overcome these obstacles. The paper will discuss the regulatory and legal hurdles, lack of trained personnel, lack of awareness among the public, lack of liquidity, lack of a secondary market for Islamic financial products, and lack of standardization of Islamic financial products as the main challenges faced by Islamic banks in India. The paper will also discuss the solutions to these challenges, such as the establishment of a separate regulatory body for Islamic banking, providing training and education to personnel, creating awareness among the public, and encouraging the development of a secondary market.

A Study of Utility and Feasibility of Various Digital Marketing Tools in Lead Acquisition, Lead Nurturing and Client Engagement. This research is to make an attempt to understand the relationship between lead acquisition, lead nurturing and client engagement which will impact growth and also understand the various digital marketing strategies. The study is also known about how well digital marketing is used in increasing sales for organizations and how effectively digital marketing channels are used in marketing industry for growth. The study is also to know that technology has brought about drastic changes in marketing across the globe past decade. Research has been conducted to find out how care management helps an organization to profit and grow improve your marketing strategy with technology. This research talks about how digital marketing helps and broadens the company's reach to wider range. You may precisely target your audience with digital marketing and that would be a great platform. You may accurately measure results with digital marketing and becomes much effective way. Customers find you through digital marketing. Brand recognition is increased via digital marketing. Digital marketing contributes to increased revenue. Digital marketing is inexpensive. Digital marketing helps you prepare for the future.

Transportation services are required to provide one of an individual’s basic needs, namely mobility. The taxi sector has seen significant transformations in recent years. The growing rivalry among taxi service companies is one of the most significant changes. Domestic and corporate service providers have a lot of competition. Aside from competition, service providers must deal with market instability and other new challenges. As a result, competitors like Uber, Ola, and Rapido are challenging local taxi service companies. Customers are growing more discerning, and they expect not only higher quality but also better service. They are accustomed to collaborating with well-known brands that have a solid reputation and provide acceptable services. Certain standard elements, such as customer expectations, opportunity confirmation, and performance, affect both customer satisfaction and quality. Because satisfaction is supposed to be valued based on a wide range of characteristics, there may be many customer satisfaction components as the extent underpinning satisfaction assessments are inclusive rather than exact. This study focuses on the service quality characteristics of taxi services. It also focuses on the aspects that lead to taxi service client happiness. The service quality factors RECSA (Reliability, Extent of Service, Comfort, Safety, and Affordability) are utilised in this study to analyse customer satisfaction with taxi services.

The main idea behind the implementation of Gender Budgeting has been to narrow the gap between men and women and also to encourage women to recognise their ability to break the barriers. Gender Budgeting is a well-organised technique to examine the impact of budget spending on men and women. Australia pioneered Gender Budgeting, which has subsequently been adopted by South Africa, Philippines, and many other countries, including India, which has been following it since the Eighth Plan in 2005–06. This paper intends to assess the discrepancies via the gender lens, as well as to evaluate the allocations made under various heads of departments/ministries in the existing Gender Budget (GB). Over the period of time in addition, this paper also assesses the effectiveness of Gender Budgeting as a tool for narrowing gender gaps and empowering women in the country.

Depressions are part of business cycles and crisis are part of business. In the times of depression handling business carefully is the predominant job of any entrepreneur. During crisis periods business should not reduce to rubble which is the proactive step taken by any establishment. In this paper we explored the role and fate of MSMEs in India which is a prime contributor for welfare of our economy. We also researched and studied about how common MSMEs undergo crisis, depressions, and stumbling blocks. The paper brought into limelight what are the common problems faced by MSMEs include breakdown of machinery, employee long absenteeism, raw material – supplier problems, power outages, behavioral issues among staff so on and so forth besides pandemic. In the wake up of many headwinds MSMES face it is need of an hour to identify its problems and possibilities. When problems wreck industries, possibilities show the way for prosperities.

The attributes of money are evolving, developing a new financial environment for the economy. The digitalization of money is a profound advancement in the history of currency as a result of the advent of cutting-edge technologies which has enabled the creation of a novel type of currency known as Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs). Research into CBDCs has only proliferated globally in the recent past, owing to digital payment mechanisms and a decline in the use of fiat currency. Latest advancements in virtual or online payment methods have prompted central banks across the world to take cognizance of issuing a CBDC to be at par with the current innovation trend. Central banks across the globe are currently investigating their potential advantages, and nations have multifarious motives for exploring and launching CBDCs. CBDCs are an emerging paradigm with a lack of context and clarity. The predicament of uncertainty regarding the e-Rupee may be resolved through this research. Obliviousness and incomprehension are the core predicaments concerning CBDCs and e-Rupee that this research endeavors to address through inferences from e-Yuan/e-CNY. Therefore, the study aims to explore and acquire in-depth knowledge and insights on CBDCs by examining circulars, working papers, and reports issued by central banks and financial institutions globally. The research also intends to elucidate the implications of CBDCs in national and international economies. Qualitative and Conceptual Analysis remains the dominant paradigm of research, however, empirical analysis has also furnished additional perspective to the same. This research will be able to shed light on certain aspects of CBDCs and their impact on economies and trade. Furthermore, this research will provide assistance and additional understanding to individuals, institutions and regulatory authorities.

Reskilling on LinkedIn is fortunately an innovative concept that is highly beneficial for employees and job seekers alike. It provides an easy platform to upgrade one’s KSA’s in order to be job relevant and seek career progression. LinkedIn as a professional networking social media site allows candidates and job seekers to explore the career paths they can take and also enables them to connect with experienced mentors and role models to guide them in their path towards success. This study helps to analyze the concept of reskilling and networking on LinkedIn on employee recruitment success and career advancement. Reskilling provides an opportunity to enhance their abilities and competencies and Networking on LinkedIn was seen with respect to employment recruitment success and career advancement.

This study aims to pinpoint the areas in which customers’ industrial processes can be improved by autonomous mobile robots, pinpoint the key elements that will win them over to the industrial automation and robotics sector, and pinpoint the most efficient and user-friendly customer acquisition tactics. Potential clients were discovered after the raw data from the various industries was divided into categories based on region, industry, and product. A pilot research was carried out after identifying the possible clients by scheduling a meeting with managers or employees or by making direct walk-in visits to the various industries. As many of the managers weren’t available in person, several interviews took place over the phone. During interviews with candidates from 41 businesses, we discovered the following: Material handling, workforce reduction, labour cost management, plant safety, and worker fatigue are customer issue areas in their industrial processes that autonomous mobile robots can address. Features and technological aspects, quality of the robot, cost of automation, performance benefits, after-sales support, safety, prior customer experiences, infrastructure, and brand recognition of the company are some of the factors that will entice customers to join the industrial automation and robotics industry. Direct walk-in and appointment, email marketing and appointment, phone call and appointment, and social media marketing are the top customer acquisition tactics in the field of industrial automation and robotics that are more efficient and convenient to clients. Conclusion: Given that the majority of sectors still rely on conventional techniques for producing and transporting items, there is a large market for B2B industrial automation companies, particularly those engaged in the newest Industry 4.0 application, autonomous mobile robots (AMR).

This study investigates the influence of COVID 19 on Oil Price, Gold price and Indian Stock Market. This study will focus on the time period of 2019 to 2022 to examine the effect of COVID 19 on stock market. Descriptive statistics for all indices has been used to analyse the stochastic properties of the stock return of BSE, before the COVID-19 and after COVID-19 period. The dummy variable regression model has been implemented for analysing before and after impact of COVID-19. The effect on BSE return due to COVID 19 is visible in the dummy variable regression results. The return for BSE after COVID-19 period is positive. After the COVID 19, the returns for BSE have increased by 2.01%. Along with dummy variable regression, ARCH and GARCH model has been employed to analyse the volatility before and after the COVID 19. No ARCH effect was found before the COVID 19 but ARCH effect has been found after the COVID 19. Stationarity tests and ARCH effects confirm the correctness of applying GARCH model in the study. Analysing the probability value of GARCH before the pandemic, it is noted that it is lower than the significance level (5%) which implies that the data is following the GARCH pattern. The result proves that the volatility of oil and gold has no significant effect on stock returns in each period. Even in the post pandemic situation, the probability value of GARCH in each period is lower than the significance level (5%), which means the data is following the GARCH pattern. The positive effect of oil volatility on stock volatility and the negative effect of gold volatility on stock volatility is been proved by the results.

The research attempts to study the impact of the Russia and Ukraine war on the metal exchange and to understand the dynamic relationship between metal exchange prices, gold prices, and the INR-USD exchange rate. The study is based on the secondary data collected from LME (London Metal Exchange) and Yahoo finance. The daily basis prices of four non-ferrous metals namely aluminium, copper, nickel, and zinc, were taken to analyse the impact. Paired sample t-test and regression analysis were used in this study. The findings show that the Russia-Ukraine war had a significant impact on the metal exchange and affected gold prices and the INR-USD exchange rate, as a consequence it affected the commodities markets.

While Kerala is the first state to declare tourism as an industry among Indian states. Eco tourism is an emerging scenario even in the period of post covid period; that has been promoted by the government itself. As far as the geographical structure of Kerala is concerned houseboat tourism has a greater scope especially in Alappuzha district, Kerala which is enriched by the major portion of the largest river in the state named Vembanad Lake. It is wishing to state the Vembanad lake is focusing here as just as a medium for indicating the whole common resources that has been exploited by human for the development activities. As the part of houseboat tourism development activities and its cruise itself, there happens an environmental degradation of the lake.

To determine if parents who send their children to both childcare centers are pleased with the services offered or not, this study examines the impact of customer satisfaction on service quality in childcare centers in the United Arab Emirates. The purpose of this study is to determine the association between user satisfaction with services provided by both child care centers and service quality (reliability quality, assurance quality, tangible quality, empathy quality, and responsiveness quality). The data were then examined using the SPSS program. Parents entrust their children to childcare facilities for these reasons rather than for the service quality measured by SERVQUAL instruments.

This research aims to evaluate the significance of employee engagement and succession planning on organizational development. The primary data was collected through an online survey. The data was collected from the employees in a manufacturing company, collecting a total of 186 responses. The data was analysed using SPSS tools. The research would bring out the importance of having employee engagement and succession planning in organizational development. The study further tries to understand the impact of age in employee engagement and gender in succession planning. The results demonstrate that employee engagement and succession planning are instrumental in organizational development, as they help to create a culture of workplace satisfaction, motivation, and commitment, as well as provide a pipeline of qualified and competent individuals who can take on leadership roles in the future.

Flowering plants are the most profitable and yield the highest returns to cultivators in India. Low initial investments and high returns within a short span of time made flower cultivation has become one of India's most popular industries. Fast growth and commercialization in the floriculture industry had led to mass fertilizer applications in flower cultivation also similar to other agricultural products. This study tries to analyze the economic impact of fertilizer application on flower cultivation in the Nativity village in rural Bangalore, Karnataka, which lies in the southern part of India. For the study, primary data had been collected from the flower cultivators of the study area and analyzed with the help of appropriate statistical tools. And the outcome of the study shows the economic impact of various fertilizers in flower cultivation based on their land holdings.

Any company’s capital structure plays a significant role in its financials. As long as it is used properly and efficiently at the best level, it is crucial to the financial performance of the organisation. The components of an ideal capital structure, however, differ from one organisation to the next. The financial performance of the company is gauged by profitability. Research is needed to determine how a company’s capital structure affects its profitability. The goal of this research is to examine how changes in capital structure affect the profitability of FMCG companies in India. Over a 5-year period between 2018 and 2022 and 2017 and 2021, the study uses descriptive, correlation, and regression analysis to explore the relationship between capital structure and profitability. The capital structure of the enterprises was evaluated using the debt equity ratio, the debt to asset ratio, the short-term debt ratio to total debt, and the short-term debt ratio. The profitability of the companies was evaluated using the return on equity ratio and the return on assets ratio. According to the correlation analysis, several companies have both a weak and strong association. According to the regression analysis, it is significant for some companies and not significant for others.

In this research study we did an analysis about the various attributes that affects the user experience in terms of service perception and user preference. This research work has made an effort to study the user experience of Amazon Pay. The purpose of the study was to assess the influence of user service perception on overall user experience of Amazon pay. To do the research we used descriptive analysis and collected both primary and secondary data. The primary data was obtained through journals, earlier research papers, and e-books. A self-administered questionnaire was prepared and a total of 126 responses were collected. The data was analyzed using the statistical software SPSS. The tools used for this research are Frequency analysis, Chi-square test, Regression test and Factor analysis. The study was able find that the service perception has a significant effect on the overall user experience.