Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Experimental Mechanics 3/2007

01.06.2007

Deduction of Spinal Loading from Vertebral Body Surface Strain Measurements

verfasst von: D. R. Linders, D. J. Nuckley

Erschienen in: Experimental Mechanics | Ausgabe 3/2007

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

The lumbar intervertebral disc, the apparent nexus of low back pain, undergoes biomechanical changes during its degeneration which are as yet poorly understood. In an effort to ultimately examine in vivo daily activity loads across intervertebral discs, we engaged in the following methodological study. The aim of this research was to correlate vertebral body surface strains with the loads across a lumbar spine segment. Rosette strain gages were affixed anterolaterally on L4 and L5 in a macaque monkey model. These tissues were loaded axially and with sagittal plane moments and the principal strains were compared with the applied loads. Predictable axial and sagittal plane loading profiles were found for similar strain measurements and the system was found to be robust through freezing and thawing. These results support future research aimed at quantifying the in vivo disc mechanics of healthy and degenerate tissues in an attempt to develop prevention or intervention strategies to ease those afflicted with low back pain.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Adams MA, et al. (2000) Mechanical initiation of intervertebral disc degeneration. Spine 25:1625–1636.CrossRef Adams MA, et al. (2000) Mechanical initiation of intervertebral disc degeneration. Spine 25:1625–1636.CrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Adams MA, McNally DS, Dolan P (1996) ‘Stress’ distributions inside intervertebral discs. The effects of age and degeneration. J Bone Jt Surg Br 78:965–972.CrossRef Adams MA, McNally DS, Dolan P (1996) ‘Stress’ distributions inside intervertebral discs. The effects of age and degeneration. J Bone Jt Surg Br 78:965–972.CrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Andersson GB (1997) The epidemiology of spinal disorders. In: F. JW (ed) The adult spine: principles and practice. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, pp 93–141. Andersson GB (1997) The epidemiology of spinal disorders. In: F. JW (ed) The adult spine: principles and practice. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, pp 93–141.
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Andersson GB (1999) Epidemiological features of chronic low-back pain. Lancet 354:581–585.CrossRef Andersson GB (1999) Epidemiological features of chronic low-back pain. Lancet 354:581–585.CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Antoniou J, et al. (1996) The human lumbar intervertebral disc: evidence for changes in the biosynthesis and denaturation of the extracellular matrix with growth, maturation, ageing, and degeneration. J Clin Invest 98:996–1003.CrossRef Antoniou J, et al. (1996) The human lumbar intervertebral disc: evidence for changes in the biosynthesis and denaturation of the extracellular matrix with growth, maturation, ageing, and degeneration. J Clin Invest 98:996–1003.CrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Berkson M, Nachemson A, Schultz A (1979) Mechanical properties of human lumbar spine motion segments. II. Response in compression and shear, influence of gross morphology. J Biomech Eng 101:53–57. Berkson M, Nachemson A, Schultz A (1979) Mechanical properties of human lumbar spine motion segments. II. Response in compression and shear, influence of gross morphology. J Biomech Eng 101:53–57.
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Best BA, et al. (1994) Compressive mechanical properties of the human anulus fibrosus and their relationship to biochemical composition. Spine 19:212–221.CrossRef Best BA, et al. (1994) Compressive mechanical properties of the human anulus fibrosus and their relationship to biochemical composition. Spine 19:212–221.CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Bibby SR, et al. (2001) The pathophysiology of the intervertebral disc. Jt Bone Spine 68:537–542.CrossRef Bibby SR, et al. (2001) The pathophysiology of the intervertebral disc. Jt Bone Spine 68:537–542.CrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Biering-Sorensen F (1982) Low back trouble in a general population of 30-, 40-, 50-, and 60-year-old men and women. Study design, representativeness and basic results. Dan Med Bull 29:289–299. Biering-Sorensen F (1982) Low back trouble in a general population of 30-, 40-, 50-, and 60-year-old men and women. Study design, representativeness and basic results. Dan Med Bull 29:289–299.
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Cheung JT, Zhang M, Chow DH (2003) Biomechanical responses of the intervertebral joints to static and vibrational loading: a finite element study. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 18:790–799.CrossRef Cheung JT, Zhang M, Chow DH (2003) Biomechanical responses of the intervertebral joints to static and vibrational loading: a finite element study. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 18:790–799.CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Ching CT, et al. (2003) The effect of cyclic compression on the mechanical properties of the inter-vertebral disc: an in vivo study in a rat tail model. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 18:182–189.CrossRef Ching CT, et al. (2003) The effect of cyclic compression on the mechanical properties of the inter-vertebral disc: an in vivo study in a rat tail model. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 18:182–189.CrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Ebara S, et al. (1996) Tensile properties of nondegenerate human lumbar anulus fibrosus. Spine 21:452–461.CrossRef Ebara S, et al. (1996) Tensile properties of nondegenerate human lumbar anulus fibrosus. Spine 21:452–461.CrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Ekstrom L, et al. (2004) In vivo porcine intradiscal pressure as a function of external loading. J Spinal Disord Tech 17:312–316.CrossRef Ekstrom L, et al. (2004) In vivo porcine intradiscal pressure as a function of external loading. J Spinal Disord Tech 17:312–316.CrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Elfstrom G, Nachemson A (1973) Telemetry recordings of forces in the Harrington distraction rod: a method for increasing safety in the operative treatment of scoliosis patients. Clin Orthop Relat Res 158–172. Elfstrom G, Nachemson A (1973) Telemetry recordings of forces in the Harrington distraction rod: a method for increasing safety in the operative treatment of scoliosis patients. Clin Orthop Relat Res 158–172.
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Elliott DM, Sarver JJ (2004) Young investigator award winner: validation of the mouse and rat disc as mechanical models of the human lumbar disc. Spine 29:713–722.CrossRef Elliott DM, Sarver JJ (2004) Young investigator award winner: validation of the mouse and rat disc as mechanical models of the human lumbar disc. Spine 29:713–722.CrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Elliott DM, Setton LA (2000) A linear material model for fiber-induced anisotropy of the anulus fibrosus. J Biomech Eng 122:173–179.CrossRef Elliott DM, Setton LA (2000) A linear material model for fiber-induced anisotropy of the anulus fibrosus. J Biomech Eng 122:173–179.CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Elliott DM, Setton LA (2001) Anisotropic and inhomogeneous tensile behavior of the human anulus fibrosus: experimental measurement and material model predictions. J Biomech Eng 123:256–263.CrossRef Elliott DM, Setton LA (2001) Anisotropic and inhomogeneous tensile behavior of the human anulus fibrosus: experimental measurement and material model predictions. J Biomech Eng 123:256–263.CrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Fazzalari NL, et al. (2001) Mechanical and pathologic consequences of induced concentric anular tears in an ovine model. Spine 26:2575–2581.CrossRef Fazzalari NL, et al. (2001) Mechanical and pathologic consequences of induced concentric anular tears in an ovine model. Spine 26:2575–2581.CrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Frei H, Oxland TR, Nolte LP (2002) Thoracolumbar spine mechanics contrasted under compression and shear loading. J Orthop Res 20:1333–1338.CrossRef Frei H, Oxland TR, Nolte LP (2002) Thoracolumbar spine mechanics contrasted under compression and shear loading. J Orthop Res 20:1333–1338.CrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Gay RE, et al. (2006) Sagittal plane motion in the human lumbar spine: Comparison of the in vitro quasistatic neutral zone and dynamic motion parameters. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). Gay RE, et al. (2006) Sagittal plane motion in the human lumbar spine: Comparison of the in vitro quasistatic neutral zone and dynamic motion parameters. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon).
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Gruber HE, et al. (2002) The sand rat model for disc degeneration: radiologic characterization of age-related changes: cross-sectional and prospective analyses. Spine 27:230–234.CrossRef Gruber HE, et al. (2002) The sand rat model for disc degeneration: radiologic characterization of age-related changes: cross-sectional and prospective analyses. Spine 27:230–234.CrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Gruber HE, Norton HJ, Hanley EN Jr. (2000) Anti-apoptotic effects of IGF-1 and PDGF on human intervertebral disc cells in vitro. Spine 25:2153–2157.CrossRef Gruber HE, Norton HJ, Hanley EN Jr. (2000) Anti-apoptotic effects of IGF-1 and PDGF on human intervertebral disc cells in vitro. Spine 25:2153–2157.CrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Guilak F, et al. (1999) Viscoelastic properties of intervertebral disc cells. Identification of two biomechanically distinct cell populations. Spine 24:2475–2483.CrossRef Guilak F, et al. (1999) Viscoelastic properties of intervertebral disc cells. Identification of two biomechanically distinct cell populations. Spine 24:2475–2483.CrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Hadjipavlou AG, et al. (1999) Pathomechanics and clinical relevance of disc degeneration and annular tear: a point-of-view review. Am J Orthop 28:561–571. Hadjipavlou AG, et al. (1999) Pathomechanics and clinical relevance of disc degeneration and annular tear: a point-of-view review. Am J Orthop 28:561–571.
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Hansson T, Keller T, Jonson R (1988) Fatigue fracture morphology in human lumbar motion segments. J Spinal Disord 1:33–38.CrossRef Hansson T, Keller T, Jonson R (1988) Fatigue fracture morphology in human lumbar motion segments. J Spinal Disord 1:33–38.CrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Hansson TH, Keller TS, Spengler DM (1987) Mechanical behavior of the human lumbar spine. II. Fatigue strength during dynamic compressive loading. J Orthop Res 5:479–487.CrossRef Hansson TH, Keller TS, Spengler DM (1987) Mechanical behavior of the human lumbar spine. II. Fatigue strength during dynamic compressive loading. J Orthop Res 5:479–487.CrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Hunter CJ, Matyas JR, Duncan NA (2003) The three-dimensional architecture of the notochordal nucleus pulposus: novel observations on cell structures in the canine intervertebral disc. J Anat 202:279–291. Hunter CJ, Matyas JR, Duncan NA (2003) The three-dimensional architecture of the notochordal nucleus pulposus: novel observations on cell structures in the canine intervertebral disc. J Anat 202:279–291.
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Hutton WC, et al. (2000) Does long-term compressive loading on the intervertebral disc cause degeneration? Spine 25:2993–3004.CrossRef Hutton WC, et al. (2000) Does long-term compressive loading on the intervertebral disc cause degeneration? Spine 25:2993–3004.CrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Hutton WC, Malko JA, Fajman WA (2003) Lumbar disc volume measured by MRI: effects of bed rest, horizontal exercise, and vertical loading. Aviat Space Environ Med 74:73–78. Hutton WC, Malko JA, Fajman WA (2003) Lumbar disc volume measured by MRI: effects of bed rest, horizontal exercise, and vertical loading. Aviat Space Environ Med 74:73–78.
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Hutton WC, et al. (1998) The effect of compressive force applied to the intervertebral disc in vivo. A study of proteoglycans and collagen. Spine 23:2524–2537.CrossRef Hutton WC, et al. (1998) The effect of compressive force applied to the intervertebral disc in vivo. A study of proteoglycans and collagen. Spine 23:2524–2537.CrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Iatridis JC, et al. (1999) Compression-induced changes in intervertebral disc properties in a rat tail model. Spine 24:996–1002.CrossRef Iatridis JC, et al. (1999) Compression-induced changes in intervertebral disc properties in a rat tail model. Spine 24:996–1002.CrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Iatridis JC, et al. (1997) Alterations in the mechanical behavior of the human lumbar nucleus pulposus with degeneration and aging. J Orthop Res 15:318–322.CrossRef Iatridis JC, et al. (1997) Alterations in the mechanical behavior of the human lumbar nucleus pulposus with degeneration and aging. J Orthop Res 15:318–322.CrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Iida T, et al. (2002) Effects of aging and spinal degeneration on mechanical properties of lumbar supraspinous and interspinous ligaments. Spine J 2:95–100.CrossRef Iida T, et al. (2002) Effects of aging and spinal degeneration on mechanical properties of lumbar supraspinous and interspinous ligaments. Spine J 2:95–100.CrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Johannessen W, et al. (2004) Intervertebral disc mechanics are restored following cyclic loading and unloaded recovery. Ann Biomed Eng 32:70–76.CrossRef Johannessen W, et al. (2004) Intervertebral disc mechanics are restored following cyclic loading and unloaded recovery. Ann Biomed Eng 32:70–76.CrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Kang JD, et al. (1997) Toward a biochemical understanding of human intervertebral disc degeneration and herniation. Contributions of nitric oxide, interleukins, prostaglandin E2, and matrix metalloproteinases. Spine 22:1065–1073.CrossRef Kang JD, et al. (1997) Toward a biochemical understanding of human intervertebral disc degeneration and herniation. Contributions of nitric oxide, interleukins, prostaglandin E2, and matrix metalloproteinases. Spine 22:1065–1073.CrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Kawchuk GN, et al. (2001) The diagnostic performance of vertebral displacement measurements derived from ultrasonic indentation in an in vivo model of degenerative disc disease. Spine 26:1348–1355.CrossRef Kawchuk GN, et al. (2001) The diagnostic performance of vertebral displacement measurements derived from ultrasonic indentation in an in vivo model of degenerative disc disease. Spine 26:1348–1355.CrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Keller TS, Spengler DM, Hansson TH (1987) Mechanical behavior of the human lumbar spine. I. Creep analysis during static compressive loading. J Orthop Res 5:467–478.CrossRef Keller TS, Spengler DM, Hansson TH (1987) Mechanical behavior of the human lumbar spine. I. Creep analysis during static compressive loading. J Orthop Res 5:467–478.CrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim C, et al. (2003) Intervertebral disc response to in vivo dynamic loading in a rat-tail model, 49th annual meeting of the orthopaedic research society. Paper #0057. Kim C, et al. (2003) Intervertebral disc response to in vivo dynamic loading in a rat-tail model, 49th annual meeting of the orthopaedic research society. Paper #0057.
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Kohyama K, et al. (2000) Intervertebral disc cell apoptosis by nitric oxide: biological understanding of intervertebral disc degeneration. Kobe J Med Sci 46:283–295. Kohyama K, et al. (2000) Intervertebral disc cell apoptosis by nitric oxide: biological understanding of intervertebral disc degeneration. Kobe J Med Sci 46:283–295.
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Kong WZ, Goel VK (2003) Ability of the finite element models to predict response of the human spine to sinusoidal vertical vibration. Spine 28:1961–1967.CrossRef Kong WZ, Goel VK (2003) Ability of the finite element models to predict response of the human spine to sinusoidal vertical vibration. Spine 28:1961–1967.CrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Kramer PA, Newell-Morris LL, Simkin PA (2002) Spinal degenerative disk disease (DDD) in female macaque monkeys: epidemiology and comparison with women. J Orthop Res 20:399–408.CrossRef Kramer PA, Newell-Morris LL, Simkin PA (2002) Spinal degenerative disk disease (DDD) in female macaque monkeys: epidemiology and comparison with women. J Orthop Res 20:399–408.CrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Kroeber MW, et al. (2002) New in vivo animal model to create intervertebral disc degeneration and to investigate the effects of therapeutic strategies to stimulate disc regeneration. Spine 27(2002) 2684–2690.CrossRef Kroeber MW, et al. (2002) New in vivo animal model to create intervertebral disc degeneration and to investigate the effects of therapeutic strategies to stimulate disc regeneration. Spine 27(2002) 2684–2690.CrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Kumaresan S, et al. (2001) Contribution of disc degeneration to osteophyte formation in the cervical spine: a biomechanical investigation. J Orthop Res 19:977–984CrossRef Kumaresan S, et al. (2001) Contribution of disc degeneration to osteophyte formation in the cervical spine: a biomechanical investigation. J Orthop Res 19:977–984CrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Kurowski P, Kubo A (1986) The relationship of degeneration of the intervertebral disc to mechanical loading conditions on lumbar vertebrae. Spine 11:726:731.CrossRef Kurowski P, Kubo A (1986) The relationship of degeneration of the intervertebral disc to mechanical loading conditions on lumbar vertebrae. Spine 11:726:731.CrossRef
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Laible JP, et al. (1993) A poroelastic-swelling finite element model with application to the intervertebral disc. Spine 18:659–670.CrossRef Laible JP, et al. (1993) A poroelastic-swelling finite element model with application to the intervertebral disc. Spine 18:659–670.CrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Lauerman WC, et al. (1992) Age-related disk degeneration: preliminary report of a naturally occurring baboon model. J Spinal Disord 5:170–174. Lauerman WC, et al. (1992) Age-related disk degeneration: preliminary report of a naturally occurring baboon model. J Spinal Disord 5:170–174.
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Ledet EH, et al. (2000) Real-time in vivo loading in the lumbar spine: part 1. Interbody implant: load cell design and preliminary results. Spine 25:2595–2600.CrossRef Ledet EH, et al. (2000) Real-time in vivo loading in the lumbar spine: part 1. Interbody implant: load cell design and preliminary results. Spine 25:2595–2600.CrossRef
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Ledet EH, et al. (2005) Direct real-time measurement of in vivo forces in the lumbar spine. Spine J 5:85–94.CrossRef Ledet EH, et al. (2005) Direct real-time measurement of in vivo forces in the lumbar spine. Spine J 5:85–94.CrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Lim TH, et al. (2001) Effect of endplate conditions and bone mineral density on the compressive strength of the graft-endplate interface in anterior cervical spine fusion. Spine 26:951–956.CrossRef Lim TH, et al. (2001) Effect of endplate conditions and bone mineral density on the compressive strength of the graft-endplate interface in anterior cervical spine fusion. Spine 26:951–956.CrossRef
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Lotz JC (2004) Animal models of intervertebral disc degeneration: lessons learned. Spine 29:2742–2750.CrossRef Lotz JC (2004) Animal models of intervertebral disc degeneration: lessons learned. Spine 29:2742–2750.CrossRef
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Lotz JC, Chin JR (2000) Intervertebral disc cell death is dependent on the magnitude and duration of spinal loading. Spine 25:1477–1483.CrossRef Lotz JC, Chin JR (2000) Intervertebral disc cell death is dependent on the magnitude and duration of spinal loading. Spine 25:1477–1483.CrossRef
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Lotz JC, et al. (2002) Mechanobiology of the intervertebral disc. Biochem Soc Trans 30:853–858.CrossRef Lotz JC, et al. (2002) Mechanobiology of the intervertebral disc. Biochem Soc Trans 30:853–858.CrossRef
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Malko JA, Hutton WC, Fajman WA (2002) An in vivo MRI study of the changes in volume (and fluid content) of the lumbar intervertebral disc after overnight bed rest and during an 8-hour walking protocol. J Spinal Disord Tech 15:157–163. Malko JA, Hutton WC, Fajman WA (2002) An in vivo MRI study of the changes in volume (and fluid content) of the lumbar intervertebral disc after overnight bed rest and during an 8-hour walking protocol. J Spinal Disord Tech 15:157–163.
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Martinez JB, Oloyede VO, Broom ND (1997) Biomechanics of load-bearing of the intervertebral disc: an experimental and finite element model. Med Eng Phys 19:145–156.CrossRef Martinez JB, Oloyede VO, Broom ND (1997) Biomechanics of load-bearing of the intervertebral disc: an experimental and finite element model. Med Eng Phys 19:145–156.CrossRef
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Matsumoto T, et al. (1999) Cyclic mechanical stretch stress increases the growth rate and collagen synthesis of nucleus pulposus cells in vitro. Spine 24:315–319.CrossRef Matsumoto T, et al. (1999) Cyclic mechanical stretch stress increases the growth rate and collagen synthesis of nucleus pulposus cells in vitro. Spine 24:315–319.CrossRef
56.
Zurück zum Zitat McNally DS, et al. (1996) In vivo stress measurement can predict pain on discography. Spine 21:2580–2587.CrossRef McNally DS, et al. (1996) In vivo stress measurement can predict pain on discography. Spine 21:2580–2587.CrossRef
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Nachemson AL, Schultz AB, Berkson MH (1979) Mechanical properties of human lumbar spine motion segments. Influence of age, sex, disc level, and degeneration. Spine 4:1–8.CrossRef Nachemson AL, Schultz AB, Berkson MH (1979) Mechanical properties of human lumbar spine motion segments. Influence of age, sex, disc level, and degeneration. Spine 4:1–8.CrossRef
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Natarajan RN, Ke JH, Andersson GB (1994) A model to study the disc degeneration process. Spine 19:259–265.CrossRef Natarajan RN, Ke JH, Andersson GB (1994) A model to study the disc degeneration process. Spine 19:259–265.CrossRef
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Niosi CA, Oxland TR (2004) Degenerative mechanics of the lumbar spine. Spine J 4:202S–208S.CrossRef Niosi CA, Oxland TR (2004) Degenerative mechanics of the lumbar spine. Spine J 4:202S–208S.CrossRef
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Pintar FA, et al. (1995) Cervical vertebral strain measurements under axial and eccentric loading. J Biomech Eng 117:474–478. Pintar FA, et al. (1995) Cervical vertebral strain measurements under axial and eccentric loading. J Biomech Eng 117:474–478.
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Pospiech J, et al. (1999) Intradiscal pressure recordings in the cervical spine. Neurosurgery 44:379–384; discussion 384–385. Pospiech J, et al. (1999) Intradiscal pressure recordings in the cervical spine. Neurosurgery 44:379–384; discussion 384–385.
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Praemer A, Furnes S, Rice DP (1992) Musculoskeletal conditions in the United States. Rosemont: AAUS:1–99. Praemer A, Furnes S, Rice DP (1992) Musculoskeletal conditions in the United States. Rosemont: AAUS:1–99.
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Race A, Broom ND, Robertson P (2000) Effect of loading rate and hydration on the mechanical properties of the disc. Spine 25:662–669.CrossRef Race A, Broom ND, Robertson P (2000) Effect of loading rate and hydration on the mechanical properties of the disc. Spine 25:662–669.CrossRef
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Rohlmann A, et al. (2001) Effect of an internal fixator and a bone graft on intersegmental spinal motion and intradiscal pressure in the adjacent regions. Eur Spine J 10:301–308.CrossRef Rohlmann A, et al. (2001) Effect of an internal fixator and a bone graft on intersegmental spinal motion and intradiscal pressure in the adjacent regions. Eur Spine J 10:301–308.CrossRef
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Rohlmann A, Zander T, Bergmann G (2005) Comparison of the biomechanical effects of posterior and anterior spine-stabilizing implants. Eur Spine J 14:445–453.CrossRef Rohlmann A, Zander T, Bergmann G (2005) Comparison of the biomechanical effects of posterior and anterior spine-stabilizing implants. Eur Spine J 14:445–453.CrossRef
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Roughley PJ, Alini M, Antoniou J (2002) The role of proteoglycans in aging, degeneration and repair of the intervertebral disc. Biochem Soc Trans 30:869–874.CrossRef Roughley PJ, Alini M, Antoniou J (2002) The role of proteoglycans in aging, degeneration and repair of the intervertebral disc. Biochem Soc Trans 30:869–874.CrossRef
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Sarver JJ, Elliott DM (2005) Mechanical differences between lumbar and tail discs in the mouse. J Orthop Res 23:150–155.CrossRef Sarver JJ, Elliott DM (2005) Mechanical differences between lumbar and tail discs in the mouse. J Orthop Res 23:150–155.CrossRef
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Sato K, Kikuchi S, Yonezawa T (1999) In vivo intradiscal pressure measurement in healthy individuals and in patients with ongoing back problems. Spine 24:2468–2474.CrossRef Sato K, Kikuchi S, Yonezawa T (1999) In vivo intradiscal pressure measurement in healthy individuals and in patients with ongoing back problems. Spine 24:2468–2474.CrossRef
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Setton LA, Chen J (2004) Cell mechanics and mechanobiology in the intervertebral disc. Spine 29:2710–2723.CrossRef Setton LA, Chen J (2004) Cell mechanics and mechanobiology in the intervertebral disc. Spine 29:2710–2723.CrossRef
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Stokes IA, Counts DF, Frymoyer JW (1989) Experimental instability in the rabbit lumbar spine. Spine 14:68–72.CrossRef Stokes IA, Counts DF, Frymoyer JW (1989) Experimental instability in the rabbit lumbar spine. Spine 14:68–72.CrossRef
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Stokes IA, Iatridis JC (2004) Mechanical conditions that accelerate intervertebral disc degeneration: overload versus immobilization. Spine 29:2724–2732.CrossRef Stokes IA, Iatridis JC (2004) Mechanical conditions that accelerate intervertebral disc degeneration: overload versus immobilization. Spine 29:2724–2732.CrossRef
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Thompson JP, et al. (1990) Preliminary evaluation of a scheme for grading the gross morphology of the human intervertebral disc. Spine 15:411–415.CrossRef Thompson JP, et al. (1990) Preliminary evaluation of a scheme for grading the gross morphology of the human intervertebral disc. Spine 15:411–415.CrossRef
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Thompson RE, et al. (2000) Disc lesions and the mechanics of the intervertebral joint complex. Spine 25:3026–3035.CrossRef Thompson RE, et al. (2000) Disc lesions and the mechanics of the intervertebral joint complex. Spine 25:3026–3035.CrossRef
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Videman T, Battie MC (1999) The influence of occupation on lumbar degeneration. Spine 24:1164–1168.CrossRef Videman T, Battie MC (1999) The influence of occupation on lumbar degeneration. Spine 24:1164–1168.CrossRef
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Walsh AJ, Lotz JC (2004) Biological response of the intervertebral disc to dynamic loading. J Biomech 37:329–337.CrossRef Walsh AJ, Lotz JC (2004) Biological response of the intervertebral disc to dynamic loading. J Biomech 37:329–337.CrossRef
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Wilder DG, Pope MH (1996) Epidemiological and aetiological aspects of low back pain in vibration environments—an update. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 11:61–73.CrossRef Wilder DG, Pope MH (1996) Epidemiological and aetiological aspects of low back pain in vibration environments—an update. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 11:61–73.CrossRef
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Wilke H, et al. (2001) Intradiscal pressure together with anthropometric data—a data set for the validation of models. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 16 Suppl 1:S111–S126.CrossRef Wilke H, et al. (2001) Intradiscal pressure together with anthropometric data—a data set for the validation of models. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 16 Suppl 1:S111–S126.CrossRef
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Wilke HJ, et al. (1999) New in vivo measurements of pressures in the intervertebral disc in daily life. Spine 24:755–762.CrossRef Wilke HJ, et al. (1999) New in vivo measurements of pressures in the intervertebral disc in daily life. Spine 24:755–762.CrossRef
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Wilke HJ, et al. (2003) ISSLS prize winner: a novel approach to determine trunk muscle forces during flexion and extension: a comparison of data from an in vitro experiment and in vivo measurements. Spine 28:2585–2593.CrossRef Wilke HJ, et al. (2003) ISSLS prize winner: a novel approach to determine trunk muscle forces during flexion and extension: a comparison of data from an in vitro experiment and in vivo measurements. Spine 28:2585–2593.CrossRef
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Wisleder D, et al. (2001) Lumbar spine mechanical response to axial compression load in vivo. Spine 26:E403–E409.CrossRef Wisleder D, et al. (2001) Lumbar spine mechanical response to axial compression load in vivo. Spine 26:E403–E409.CrossRef
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Yamazaki S, et al. (2002) Vibratory loading decreases extracellular matrix and matrix metalloproteinase gene expression in rabbit annulus cells. Spine J 2:415–420.CrossRef Yamazaki S, et al. (2002) Vibratory loading decreases extracellular matrix and matrix metalloproteinase gene expression in rabbit annulus cells. Spine J 2:415–420.CrossRef
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Yin L, Elliott DM (2005) A homogenization model of the annulus fibrosus. J Biomech 38:1674–1684.CrossRef Yin L, Elliott DM (2005) A homogenization model of the annulus fibrosus. J Biomech 38:1674–1684.CrossRef
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Yingling VR, Callaghan JP, McGill SM (1997) Dynamic loading affects the mechanical properties and failure site of porcine spines. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 12:301–305.CrossRef Yingling VR, Callaghan JP, McGill SM (1997) Dynamic loading affects the mechanical properties and failure site of porcine spines. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 12:301–305.CrossRef
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Yoganandan N, Kumaresan S, Pintar FA (2001) Biomechanics of the cervical spine Part 2. Cervical spine soft tissue responses and biomechanical modeling. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 16:1–27.CrossRef Yoganandan N, Kumaresan S, Pintar FA (2001) Biomechanics of the cervical spine Part 2. Cervical spine soft tissue responses and biomechanical modeling. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 16:1–27.CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Deduction of Spinal Loading from Vertebral Body Surface Strain Measurements
verfasst von
D. R. Linders
D. J. Nuckley
Publikationsdatum
01.06.2007
Erschienen in
Experimental Mechanics / Ausgabe 3/2007
Print ISSN: 0014-4851
Elektronische ISSN: 1741-2765
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-006-9008-6

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2007

Experimental Mechanics 3/2007 Zur Ausgabe

    Marktübersichten

    Die im Laufe eines Jahres in der „adhäsion“ veröffentlichten Marktübersichten helfen Anwendern verschiedenster Branchen, sich einen gezielten Überblick über Lieferantenangebote zu verschaffen.