Deployment of Fermentative Biohydrogen Production for Sustainable Economy in Indian Scenario: Practical and Policy Barriers With Recent Progresses

Depleting fossil fuel reserves and its significant contribution to greenhouse gas emission have created energy crisis and environmental degradation. Therefore, it is necessary to develop alternative fuels with a proper policy framework to support research and development. The potential biomass resource of India such as agricultural products, lignocellulosic waste biomass, industrial waste, and food processing waste has been extensively investigated by Indian researchers via fermentative biohydrogen production. The impact of key factors lowering fermentative biohydrogen yield can be reduced by the intervention of recent advancement in fermentative biohydrogen production such as combined fermentation process, optimized trace metal application, and pH control. A policy dealing with bioenergy promotion should adopt a market pull approach to promote bioenergy as a people-friendly technology. The present review provides recent advances in fermentative biohydrogen production process as well as practical and policy-related barriers in way of biohydrogen energy generation and promotion.