Introduction
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Introduction of the pentapartitioned neutrosophic cubic set (PNCS).
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Defining operational laws on PNCS.
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Defining score and accuracy function for comparison of two PNC values.
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Defining of pentapartitioned neutrosophic arithmetic (PNCA) aggregation operators.
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Development of PNCA aggregation operator.
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PNCS is solicited to determine the air pollution in major cities of Pakistan.
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The effects of pollution on health and precautionary measures needed are discussed.
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Comparative analysis among these cities is given.
Preliminaries
Diagrammatic approach to pentapartitioned neutrosophic set
Pentapartitioned neutrosophic cubic sets
Operations on pentapartitioned neutrosophic cubic sets
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\(A\) is contained in \(B\) if and only if,$$ T^{L}_{\alpha } \left( u \right) \le T^{L}_{\beta } \left( u \right),\;T^{U}_{\alpha } \left( u \right) \le T^{U}_{\beta } \left( u \right)$$$$ C^{L}_{\alpha } \left( u \right) \le C^{L}_{\beta } \left( u \right),\;C^{U}_{\alpha } \left( u \right) \le C^{U}_{\beta } \left( u \right),$$$$ G^{L}_{\alpha } \left( u \right) \ge G^{L}_{\beta } \left( u \right),\;G^{U}_{\alpha } \left( u \right) \ge G^{U}_{\beta } \left( u \right),$$$$ U^{L}_{\alpha } \left( u \right) \ge U^{L}_{\beta } \left( u \right),\;U^{U}_{\alpha } \left( u \right) \ge U^{U}_{\beta } \left( u \right), $$$$ F^{L}_{\alpha } \left( u \right) \ge F^{L}_{\beta } \left( u \right),\;F^{U}_{\alpha } \left( u \right) \ge \,F^{U}_{\beta } \left( u \right),$$$$ T_{\alpha } \left( u \right) \ge T_{\beta } \left( u \right),\;C_{\alpha } \left( u \right) \ge C_{\beta } \left( u \right), $$$$ G_{\alpha } \left( u \right) \le G_{\beta } \left( u \right),\;U_{\alpha } \left( u \right) \le U_{\beta } \left( u \right),\;F_{\alpha } \left( u \right) \le F_{\beta } \left( u \right),$$
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The union of \(A\) and \(B\) is a PNCS, defined by$$ A \cup B = \left\{ {u,\left( \begin{gathered} \left[ {\max \left\{ {T^{L}_{\alpha } \left( u \right),T^{L}_{\beta } \left( u \right)} \right\},\max \left\{ {T^{U}_{\alpha } \left( u \right),T^{U}_{\beta } \left( u \right)} \right\}} \right], \\ \left[ {\max \left\{ {C^{L}_{\alpha } \left( u \right),C^{L}_{\beta } \left( u \right)} \right\},\max \left\{ {C^{U}_{\alpha } \left( u \right),C^{U}_{\beta } \left( u \right)} \right\}} \right], \\ \left[ {\min \left\{ {G^{L}_{\alpha } \left( u \right),G^{L}_{\beta } \left( u \right)} \right\},\min \left\{ {G^{U}_{\alpha } \left( u \right),G^{U}_{\beta } \left( u \right)} \right\}} \right], \\ \left[ {\min \left\{ {U^{L}_{\alpha } \left( u \right),U^{L}_{\beta } \left( u \right)} \right\},\min \left\{ {U^{U}_{\alpha } \left( u \right),U^{U}_{\beta } \left( u \right)} \right\}} \right], \\ \left[ {\min \left\{ {F^{L}_{\alpha } \left( u \right),F^{L}_{\beta } \left( u \right)} \right\},\min \left\{ {F^{U}_{\alpha } \left( u \right),F^{U}_{\beta } \left( u \right)} \right\}} \right], \\ \min \left\{ {T_{\alpha } \left( u \right),T_{\beta } \left( u \right)} \right\},\min \left\{ {C_{\alpha } \left( u \right),C_{\beta } \left( u \right)} \right\}, \\ \max \left\{ {G_{\alpha } \left( u \right),G_{\beta } \left( u \right)} \right\},\max \left\{ {U_{\alpha } \left( u \right),U_{\beta } \left( u \right)} \right\},\max \left\{ {F_{\alpha } \left( u \right),F_{\beta } \left( u \right)} \right\} \\ \end{gathered} \right):u \in U} \right\}$$
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The intersection of \(A\) and \(B\) is a PNCS, defined by$$ A \cap B = \left\{ {u,\left( \begin{gathered} \left[ {\min \left\{ {T^{L}_{\alpha } \left( u \right),T^{L}_{\beta } \left( u \right)} \right\},\min \left\{ {T^{U}_{\alpha } \left( u \right),T^{U}_{\beta } \left( u \right)} \right\}} \right], \\ \left[ {\min \left\{ {C^{L}_{\alpha } \left( u \right),C^{L}_{\beta } \left( u \right)} \right\},\min \left\{ {C^{U}_{\alpha } \left( u \right),C^{U}_{\beta } \left( u \right)} \right\}} \right], \\ \left[ {\max \left\{ {G^{L}_{\alpha } \left( u \right),G^{L}_{\beta } \left( u \right)} \right\},\max \left\{ {G^{U}_{\alpha } \left( u \right),G^{U}_{\beta } \left( u \right)} \right\}} \right], \\ \left[ {\max \left\{ {U^{L}_{\alpha } \left( u \right),U^{L}_{\beta } \left( u \right)} \right\},\max \left\{ {U^{U}_{\alpha } \left( u \right),U^{U}_{\beta } \left( u \right)} \right\}} \right], \\ \left[ {\max \left\{ {F^{L}_{\alpha } \left( u \right),F^{L}_{\beta } \left( u \right)} \right\},\max \left\{ {F^{U}_{\alpha } \left( u \right),F^{U}_{\beta } \left( u \right)} \right\}} \right], \\ \max \left\{ {T_{\alpha } \left( u \right),T_{\beta } \left( u \right)} \right\},\max \left\{ {C_{\alpha } \left( u \right),C_{\beta } \left( u \right)} \right\}, \\ \min \left\{ {G_{\alpha } \left( u \right),G_{\beta } \left( u \right)} \right\},\min \left\{ {U_{\alpha } \left( u \right),U_{\beta } \left( u \right)} \right\},\min \left\{ {F_{\alpha } \left( u \right),F_{\beta } \left( u \right)} \right\} \\ \end{gathered} \right):u \in U} \right\}$$
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The complement of \(A\) is a PNCS \(A^{c}\), defined by \(\alpha^{c} = \left\{ \left( u,\tilde{T}_{{\alpha^{c} }} \left( u \right),\tilde{C}_{{\alpha^{c} }} \left( u \right),\tilde{G}_{{\alpha^{c} }} \left( u \right),\tilde{U}_{{\alpha^{c} }} \left( u \right),\tilde{F}_{{\alpha^{c} }} \left( u \right),T_{{\alpha^{c} }} \left( u \right), \right.\right.\break\left.\left. C_{{\alpha^{c} }} \left( u \right),G_{{\alpha^{c} }} \left( u \right),U_{{\alpha^{c} }} \left( u \right),F_{{\alpha^{c} }} \left( u \right) \right):u \in U \right\}\) where \(\tilde{T}_{{\alpha^{c} }} \left( u \right) = \tilde{F}_{\alpha } \left( u \right)\), \(\tilde{C}_{{\alpha^{c} }} \left( u \right) = \tilde{U}_{\alpha } \left( u \right)\),$$ G^{L}_{{\alpha^{c} }} \left( u \right) = 1 - G^{U}_{\alpha } \left( u \right),\;G^{U}_{{\alpha^{c} }} \left( u \right) = 1 - G^{L}_{\alpha } \left( u \right),$$$$ \tilde{U}_{{\alpha^{c} }} \left( u \right) = \tilde{C}_{\alpha } \left( u \right),\;\tilde{F}_{{\alpha^{c} }} \left( u \right) = \tilde{T}_{\alpha } \left( u \right),$$$$ T_{{\alpha^{c} }} \left( u \right) = F_{\alpha } \left( u \right),\;C_{{\alpha^{c} }} \left( u \right) = U_{\alpha } \left( u \right),$$$$ G_{{\alpha^{c} }} \left( u \right) = 1 - G_{\alpha } \left( u \right),\;U_{{\alpha^{c} }} \left( u \right) = C_{\alpha } \left( u \right),\;F_{{\alpha^{c} }} \left( u \right) = T_{\alpha } \left( u \right),$$
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The sum of \(A\) and \(B\) is a PNCS, defined by$$ A \oplus B = \left( {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {\left[ {T_{A}^{L} \left( u \right) + T_{B}^{L} \left( u \right) - T_{A}^{L} \left( u \right)T_{B}^{L} \left( u \right),T_{A}^{U} \left( u \right) + T_{B}^{U} \left( u \right) - T_{A}^{U} \left( u \right)T_{B}^{U} \left( u \right)} \right],} \\ {\left[ {C_{A}^{L} \left( u \right) + C_{B}^{L} \left( u \right) - C_{A}^{L} \left( u \right)C_{B}^{L} \left( u \right),C_{A}^{U} \left( u \right) + C_{B}^{U} \left( u \right) - C_{A}^{U} \left( u \right)C_{B}^{U} \left( u \right)} \right],} \\ \begin{gathered} \left[ {G_{A}^{L} \left( u \right)G_{B}^{L} \left( u \right),G_{A}^{U} \left( u \right)G_{B}^{U} \left( u \right)} \right],\left[ {U_{A}^{L} \left( u \right)U_{B}^{L} \left( u \right),U_{A}^{U} \left( u \right)U_{B}^{U} \left( u \right)} \right],\left[ {F_{A}^{L} \left( u \right)F_{B}^{L} \left( u \right),F_{A}^{U} \left( u \right)F_{B}^{U} \left( u \right)} \right], \\ T_{A} \left( u \right)T_{B} \left( u \right),C_{A} \left( u \right)C_{B} \left( u \right),G_{A} \left( u \right) + G_{B} \left( u \right) - G_{A} \left( u \right)G_{B} \left( u \right),U_{A} \left( u \right) + U_{B} \left( u \right) - U_{A} \left( u \right)U_{B} \left( u \right), \\ \end{gathered} \\ {F_{A} \left( u \right) + F\left( u \right)_{B} - F_{A} \left( u \right)F\left( u \right)_{B} } \\ \end{array} } \right) $$
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The sum of \(A\) and \(B\) is a PNCS, defined by$$ A \otimes B = \left( {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {\left[ {T_{A}^{L} \left( u \right)T_{B}^{L} \left( u \right),T_{A}^{U} \left( u \right)T_{B}^{U} \left( u \right)} \right],\left[ {C_{A}^{L} \left( u \right)C_{B}^{L} \left( u \right),C_{A}^{U} \left( u \right)C_{B}^{U} \left( u \right)} \right],} \\ {\left[ {G_{A}^{L} \left( u \right) + G_{B}^{L} \left( u \right) - G_{A}^{L} \left( u \right)G_{B}^{L} \left( u \right),G_{A}^{U} \left( u \right)G_{B}^{U} \left( u \right)} \right],\left[ {U_{A}^{L} \left( u \right) + U_{B}^{L} \left( u \right) - U_{A}^{L} \left( u \right)U_{B}^{L} \left( u \right),U_{A}^{U} \left( u \right)U_{B}^{U} \left( u \right)} \right],} \\ \begin{gathered} \left[ {F_{A}^{L} \left( u \right) + F_{B}^{L} \left( u \right) - F_{A}^{L} \left( u \right)F_{B}^{L} \left( u \right),F_{A}^{U} \left( u \right) + F_{B}^{U} \left( u \right) - F_{A}^{U} \left( u \right)F_{B}^{U} \left( u \right)} \right], \\ T_{A} \left( u \right) + T_{B} \left( u \right) - T_{A} \left( u \right)T_{B} \left( u \right),C_{A} \left( u \right) + C_{B} \left( u \right) - C_{A} \left( u \right)C_{B} \left( u \right), \\ \end{gathered} \\ {G_{A} \left( u \right)G_{B} \left( u \right),U_{A} \left( u \right)U_{B} \left( u \right),F_{A} \left( u \right)F\left( u \right)_{B} } \\ \end{array} } \right) $$
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Scalar multiplication for scalar \(k\) is defined as$$ kA = \left( \begin{gathered} \left[ {1 - \left( {1 - T_{A}^{L} \left( u \right)} \right)^{k} ,1 - \left( {1 - T_{A}^{U} \left( u \right)} \right)^{k} } \right],\left[ {1 - \left( {1 - C_{A}^{L} \left( u \right)} \right)^{k} ,1 - \left( {1 - C_{A}^{U} \left( u \right)} \right)^{k} } \right], \hfill \\ \left[ {\left( {G_{A}^{L} \left( u \right)} \right)^{k} ,\left( {G_{A}^{U} \left( u \right)} \right)^{k} } \right],\left[ {\left( {U_{A}^{L} \left( u \right)} \right)^{k} ,\left( {U_{A}^{U} \left( u \right)} \right)^{k} } \right],\left[ {\left( {F_{A}^{L} \left( u \right)} \right)^{k} ,\left( {F_{A}^{U} \left( u \right)} \right)^{k} } \right], \hfill \\ \left( {T_{A} \left( u \right)} \right)^{k} ,\left( {C_{A} \left( u \right)} \right)^{k} ,1 - \left( {1 - G_{A} \left( u \right)} \right)^{k} ,1 - \left( {1 - U_{A} \left( u \right)} \right)^{k} ,1 - \left( {1 - F_{A} \left( u \right)} \right)^{k} \hfill \\ \end{gathered} \right) $$
Aggregation operator on pentaapartitioned neutrosophic cubic set
Neutrosophic cubic weighted averaging aggregation operator
Model formulation of air pollution
What is PM2.5
Where do PM2.5 come from
Why are PM2.5 dangerous
PM2.5 | Air Quality Indexing | PM2.5 health repercussion | Precautionary actions |
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0.0–12.0 | Fine 0.00–50.00 | Least dangerous | None |
1.1–35.4 | Moderate 51.0–100.0 | Respiratory symptoms may occur in people with abnormal sensitivity | Unusually sensitive people should refrain their prolonged activities |
35.5–55.4 | Deleterious for Sensitive Groups 101.0–150.0 | Increased respiratory symptoms, risk of heart attack or stroke, and untimely death in adults with coronary heart disease | People with heart or respiratory disease, the aged and children should refrain their prolonged activities |
55.5–150.4 | Unhealthy 151.0–200.0 | Worsen of heart, lung disease and untimely deaths in elders and cardiopulmonary disease persons; increase respiratory disease in general inhabitant | People with heart or respiratory disease, the aged and children should refrain their prolonged exertion; everybody else should limit prolonged activities |
150.5–250.4 | Very Unhealthy 201.0–300.0 | Worsen of heart, lung disease and untimely deaths in elders and cardiopulmonary disease persons; notable increase in respiratory disease in general inhabitant | People with heart or respiratory disease, the aged and children should refrain their outdoor activity; everybody else should refrain prolonged activities |
250.5–500.4 | Hazardous 301.0–500.0 | Worsen of heart, lung disease and untimely deaths in elders and cardiopulmonary disease persons; major risk of respiratory disease in general inhabitant | Everybody should refrain any outdoor activities; people with heart or respiratory disease, the aged and children should remain indoors |