Skip to main content

2013 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

10. Disease Mapping

verfasst von : Roger S. Bivand, Edzer Pebesma, Virgilio Gómez-Rubio

Erschienen in: Applied Spatial Data Analysis with R

Verlag: Springer New York

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Spatial statistics have been widely applied in epidemiology to the study of the distribution of disease. As we have already shown in, displaying the spatial variation of the incidence of a disease can help us to detect areas where the disease is particularly prevalent, which may lead to the detection of previously unknown risk factors. As a result of the growing interest, Spatial Epidemiology (Elliott etal.,2000) has been established as a new multidisciplinary area of research in recent years.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Fußnoten
2
Windows users must modify the paths in working.directory, model.file and bugs.directory accordingly, and remove the argument WINEPATH, which is not needed.
 
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Adler, D., Kneib, T., Lang, S., Umlauf, N., and Zeileis, A. (2012). BayesXsrc: R Package Distribution of the BayesX C++ Sources. R package version 2.1-1. Adler, D., Kneib, T., Lang, S., Umlauf, N., and Zeileis, A. (2012). BayesXsrc: R Package Distribution of the BayesX C++ Sources. R package version 2.1-1.
Zurück zum Zitat Banerjee, S., Carlin, B. P., and Gelfand, A. E. (2004). Hierarchical Modeling and Analysis for Spatial Data. Chapman & Hall/CRC, Boca Raton/ London.MATH Banerjee, S., Carlin, B. P., and Gelfand, A. E. (2004). Hierarchical Modeling and Analysis for Spatial Data. Chapman & Hall/CRC, Boca Raton/ London.MATH
Zurück zum Zitat Belitz, C., Brezger, A., Kneib, T., Lang, S., and Umlauf, N. (2012). BayesX: Software for Bayesian Inference in Structured Additive Regression Models. Version 2.1. Belitz, C., Brezger, A., Kneib, T., Lang, S., and Umlauf, N. (2012). BayesX: Software for Bayesian Inference in Structured Additive Regression Models. Version 2.1.
Zurück zum Zitat Bernardinelli, L. and Montomoli, C. (1992). Empirical Bayes versus fully Bayesian analysis of geographical variation in disease risk. Statistics in Medicine, 11:983–1007.CrossRef Bernardinelli, L. and Montomoli, C. (1992). Empirical Bayes versus fully Bayesian analysis of geographical variation in disease risk. Statistics in Medicine, 11:983–1007.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Besag, J., Green, P., Higdon, D., and Mengersen, K. (1995). Bayesian computation and stochastic systems. Statistical Science, 10:3–41.MathSciNetMATHCrossRef Besag, J., Green, P., Higdon, D., and Mengersen, K. (1995). Bayesian computation and stochastic systems. Statistical Science, 10:3–41.MathSciNetMATHCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Besag, J. and Newell, J. (1991). The detection of clusters in rare diseases. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 154:143–155. Besag, J. and Newell, J. (1991). The detection of clusters in rare diseases. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 154:143–155.
Zurück zum Zitat Besag, J., York, J., and Mollie, A. (1991). Bayesian image restoration, with two applications in spatial statistics. Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics, 43:1–59.MathSciNetMATHCrossRef Besag, J., York, J., and Mollie, A. (1991). Bayesian image restoration, with two applications in spatial statistics. Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics, 43:1–59.MathSciNetMATHCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Best, N., Cowles, M. K., and Vines, K. (1995). CODA: Convergence diagnosis and output analysis software for Gibbs sampling output, Version 0.30. Technical report, MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge. Best, N., Cowles, M. K., and Vines, K. (1995). CODA: Convergence diagnosis and output analysis software for Gibbs sampling output, Version 0.30. Technical report, MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge.
Zurück zum Zitat Best, N. G., Waller, L. A., Thomas, A., Conlon, E. M., and Arnold, R. A. (1999). Bayesian models for spatially correlated diseases and exposure data. In Bernardo, J., Berger, J. O., Dawid, A. P., and Smith, A. F. M., editors, Bayesian Statistics 6, pages 131–156. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Best, N. G., Waller, L. A., Thomas, A., Conlon, E. M., and Arnold, R. A. (1999). Bayesian models for spatially correlated diseases and exposure data. In Bernardo, J., Berger, J. O., Dawid, A. P., and Smith, A. F. M., editors, Bayesian Statistics 6, pages 131–156. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Zurück zum Zitat Brewer, C. A., Hatchard, G. W., and Harrower, M. A. (2003). ColorBrewer in print: a catalog of color schemes for maps. Cartography and Geographic Information Science, 30:5–32. Brewer, C. A., Hatchard, G. W., and Harrower, M. A. (2003). ColorBrewer in print: a catalog of color schemes for maps. Cartography and Geographic Information Science, 30:5–32.
Zurück zum Zitat Brewer, C. A., MacEachren, A. M., Pickle, L. W., and Herrmann, D. J. (1997). Mapping mortality: Evaluating color schemes for choropleth maps. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 87:411–438.CrossRef Brewer, C. A., MacEachren, A. M., Pickle, L. W., and Herrmann, D. J. (1997). Mapping mortality: Evaluating color schemes for choropleth maps. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 87:411–438.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Brewer, C. A. and Pickle, L. (2002). Comparison of methods for classifying epidemiological data on choropleth maps in series. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 92:662–681.CrossRef Brewer, C. A. and Pickle, L. (2002). Comparison of methods for classifying epidemiological data on choropleth maps in series. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 92:662–681.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Brezger, A., Kneib, T., and Lang, S. (2005). Bayesx: Analyzing bayesian structural additive regression models. Journal of Statistical Software, 14(11):1–22. Brezger, A., Kneib, T., and Lang, S. (2005). Bayesx: Analyzing bayesian structural additive regression models. Journal of Statistical Software, 14(11):1–22.
Zurück zum Zitat Carstairs, V. (2000). Socio-economic factors at areal level and their relationship with health. In Elliot, P., Wakefield, J., Best, N., and Briggs, D., editors, Spatial Epidemiology: Methods and Applications, pages 51–67. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Carstairs, V. (2000). Socio-economic factors at areal level and their relationship with health. In Elliot, P., Wakefield, J., Best, N., and Briggs, D., editors, Spatial Epidemiology: Methods and Applications, pages 51–67. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Zurück zum Zitat Choynowski, M. (1959). Map based on probabilities. Journal of the American Statistical Society, 54:385–388.CrossRef Choynowski, M. (1959). Map based on probabilities. Journal of the American Statistical Society, 54:385–388.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Clayton, D. and Kaldor, J. (1987). Empirical Bayes estimates of age-standardized relative risks for use in disease mapping. Biometrics, 43:671–681.CrossRef Clayton, D. and Kaldor, J. (1987). Empirical Bayes estimates of age-standardized relative risks for use in disease mapping. Biometrics, 43:671–681.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cowles, M. K. and Carlin, B. P. (1996). Markov Chain Monte Carlo convergence diagnostics: A comparative review. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 91:883–904.MathSciNetMATHCrossRef Cowles, M. K. and Carlin, B. P. (1996). Markov Chain Monte Carlo convergence diagnostics: A comparative review. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 91:883–904.MathSciNetMATHCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Crainiceanu, C. M., Ruppert, D., and Wand, M. P. (2005). Bayesian analysis for penalized spline regression using winbugs. Journal of Statistical Software, 14(14):1–24. Crainiceanu, C. M., Ruppert, D., and Wand, M. P. (2005). Bayesian analysis for penalized spline regression using winbugs. Journal of Statistical Software, 14(14):1–24.
Zurück zum Zitat Cressie, N. and Chan, N. H. (1989). Spatial modeling of regional variables. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 84:393–401.MathSciNetMATHCrossRef Cressie, N. and Chan, N. H. (1989). Spatial modeling of regional variables. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 84:393–401.MathSciNetMATHCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cressie, N. and Read, T. R. C. (1985). Do sudden infant deaths come in clusters? Statistics and Decisions, 3:333–349. Cressie, N. and Read, T. R. C. (1985). Do sudden infant deaths come in clusters? Statistics and Decisions, 3:333–349.
Zurück zum Zitat Cressie, N. and Read, T. R. C. (1989). Spatial data analysis of regional counts. Biometrical Journal, 31:699–719.CrossRef Cressie, N. and Read, T. R. C. (1989). Spatial data analysis of regional counts. Biometrical Journal, 31:699–719.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cressie, N. and Wikle, C. (2011). Statistics for Spatio-temporal Data. John Wiley & Sons, New York.MATH Cressie, N. and Wikle, C. (2011). Statistics for Spatio-temporal Data. John Wiley & Sons, New York.MATH
Zurück zum Zitat Cromley, E. K. and McLafferty, S. L. (2002). GIS and Public Health. Guilford Press, New York. Cromley, E. K. and McLafferty, S. L. (2002). GIS and Public Health. Guilford Press, New York.
Zurück zum Zitat Davison, A. C. and Hinkley, D. V. (1997). Bootstrap Methods and Their Application. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.MATHCrossRef Davison, A. C. and Hinkley, D. V. (1997). Bootstrap Methods and Their Application. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.MATHCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Dean, C. B. (1992). Testing for overdispersion in Poisson and Binomial regression models. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 87:451–457.MathSciNetCrossRef Dean, C. B. (1992). Testing for overdispersion in Poisson and Binomial regression models. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 87:451–457.MathSciNetCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Devine, O. J. and Louis, T. A. (1994). A constrained empirical Bayes estimator for incidence rates in areas with small populations. Statistics in Medicine, 13:1119–1133.CrossRef Devine, O. J. and Louis, T. A. (1994). A constrained empirical Bayes estimator for incidence rates in areas with small populations. Statistics in Medicine, 13:1119–1133.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Devine, O. J., Louis, T. A., and Halloran, M. E. (1994). Empirical Bayes estimators for spatially correlated incidence rate. Environmetrics, 5:381–398.CrossRef Devine, O. J., Louis, T. A., and Halloran, M. E. (1994). Empirical Bayes estimators for spatially correlated incidence rate. Environmetrics, 5:381–398.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Elliott, P., Wakefield, J., Best, N., and Briggs, D., editors (2000). Spatial Epidemiology. Methods and Applications. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Elliott, P., Wakefield, J., Best, N., and Briggs, D., editors (2000). Spatial Epidemiology. Methods and Applications. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Zurück zum Zitat Elliott, P. and Wakefield, J. C. (2000). Bias and confounding in spatial epidemiology. In Elliott, P., Wakefield, J., Best, N., and Briggs, D., editors, Spatial Epidemiology: Methods and Applications, pages 68–84. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Elliott, P. and Wakefield, J. C. (2000). Bias and confounding in spatial epidemiology. In Elliott, P., Wakefield, J., Best, N., and Briggs, D., editors, Spatial Epidemiology: Methods and Applications, pages 68–84. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Zurück zum Zitat English, D. (1992). Geographical epidemiology and ecological studies. In Elliott, P., Cuzick, J., English, D., and Stern, R., editors, Geographical and Environmental Epidemiology. Methods for Small-Area Studies, pages 3–13. Oxford University Press, Oxford. English, D. (1992). Geographical epidemiology and ecological studies. In Elliott, P., Cuzick, J., English, D., and Stern, R., editors, Geographical and Environmental Epidemiology. Methods for Small-Area Studies, pages 3–13. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Zurück zum Zitat Fahrmeir, L. and Kneib, T. (2011). Bayesian Smoothing and Regression for Longitudinal, Spatial and Event History Data. Oxford University Press, New York.MATHCrossRef Fahrmeir, L. and Kneib, T. (2011). Bayesian Smoothing and Regression for Longitudinal, Spatial and Event History Data. Oxford University Press, New York.MATHCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Gelfand, A. E., Diggle, P. J., Guttorp, P., and Fuentes, M., editors (2010). Handbook of Spatial Statistics. Chapman & Hall/CRC Press. Gelfand, A. E., Diggle, P. J., Guttorp, P., and Fuentes, M., editors (2010). Handbook of Spatial Statistics. Chapman & Hall/CRC Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Gelman, A., Carlin, J. B., Stern, H. S., and Rubin, D. B. (2003). Bayesian Data Analysis. CRC Press, Boca Raton. Gelman, A., Carlin, J. B., Stern, H. S., and Rubin, D. B. (2003). Bayesian Data Analysis. CRC Press, Boca Raton.
Zurück zum Zitat Gelman, A. and Hill, J. (2007). Data Analysis Using Regression and Multilevel/Hierarchical Models. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Gelman, A. and Hill, J. (2007). Data Analysis Using Regression and Multilevel/Hierarchical Models. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Zurück zum Zitat Gelman, A. and Rubin, D. B. (1992). Inference from iterative simulation using multiple sequences (with discussion). Statistical Science, 7:457–472.CrossRef Gelman, A. and Rubin, D. B. (1992). Inference from iterative simulation using multiple sequences (with discussion). Statistical Science, 7:457–472.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Geweke, J. (1992). Evaluating the accuracy of sampling-based approaches to calculating posterior moments. In Bernado, J. M., Berger, J. O., Dawid, A. P., and Smith, A. F. M., editors, Bayesian Statistics 4, pages 169–194. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Geweke, J. (1992). Evaluating the accuracy of sampling-based approaches to calculating posterior moments. In Bernado, J. M., Berger, J. O., Dawid, A. P., and Smith, A. F. M., editors, Bayesian Statistics 4, pages 169–194. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Zurück zum Zitat Ghosh, M., Natarajan, K., Stroud, T. W. F., and Carlin, B. P. (1998). Generalized linear models for small-area estimation. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 93:273–282.MathSciNetMATHCrossRef Ghosh, M., Natarajan, K., Stroud, T. W. F., and Carlin, B. P. (1998). Generalized linear models for small-area estimation. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 93:273–282.MathSciNetMATHCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Gilks, W. R., Richardson, S., and Spiegelhalter, D. J., editors (1996). Markov Chain Monte Carlo in Practice. Chapman & Hall, London.MATH Gilks, W. R., Richardson, S., and Spiegelhalter, D. J., editors (1996). Markov Chain Monte Carlo in Practice. Chapman & Hall, London.MATH
Zurück zum Zitat Gómez-Rubio, V., Ferrándiz-Ferragud, J., and López-Quílez, A. (2005). Detecting clusters of disease with R . Journal of Geographical Systems, 7:189–206.CrossRef Gómez-Rubio, V., Ferrándiz-Ferragud, J., and López-Quílez, A. (2005). Detecting clusters of disease with R . Journal of Geographical Systems, 7:189–206.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Gómez-Rubio, V. and López-Quílez, A. (2010). Statistical methods for the geographical analysis of rare diseases. Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 686:151–171.CrossRef Gómez-Rubio, V. and López-Quílez, A. (2010). Statistical methods for the geographical analysis of rare diseases. Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 686:151–171.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Haining, R. P. (2003). Spatial Data Analysis: Theory and Practice. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.CrossRef Haining, R. P. (2003). Spatial Data Analysis: Theory and Practice. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Held, L., Natário, I., Fento, S. E., Rue, H., and Becke, N. (2005). Towards joint disease mapping. Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 14:61–82.MathSciNetMATHCrossRef Held, L., Natário, I., Fento, S. E., Rue, H., and Becke, N. (2005). Towards joint disease mapping. Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 14:61–82.MathSciNetMATHCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hills, M. and Alexander, F. (1989). Statistical methods used in assessing the risk of disease near a source of possible environmental pollution: a review. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 152:353–363. Hills, M. and Alexander, F. (1989). Statistical methods used in assessing the risk of disease near a source of possible environmental pollution: a review. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 152:353–363.
Zurück zum Zitat Hjalmars, U., Kulldorff, M., Gustafsson, G., and Nagarwalla, N. (1996). Childhood leukaemia in Sweden: using GIS and a spatial scan statistic for cluster detection. Statistics in Medicine, 15:707–715.CrossRef Hjalmars, U., Kulldorff, M., Gustafsson, G., and Nagarwalla, N. (1996). Childhood leukaemia in Sweden: using GIS and a spatial scan statistic for cluster detection. Statistics in Medicine, 15:707–715.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Jackson, C., Best, N., and Richardson, S. (2006). Improving ecological inference using individual-level data. Statistics in Medicine, 25(12):2136–2159.MathSciNetCrossRef Jackson, C., Best, N., and Richardson, S. (2006). Improving ecological inference using individual-level data. Statistics in Medicine, 25(12):2136–2159.MathSciNetCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kaluzny, S. P., Vega, S. C., Cardoso, T. P., and Shelly, A. A. (1998). S+SpatialStats, User Manual for Windows and UNIX. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.CrossRef Kaluzny, S. P., Vega, S. C., Cardoso, T. P., and Shelly, A. A. (1998). S+SpatialStats, User Manual for Windows and UNIX. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Knorr-Held, L. (2000). Bayesian modelling of inseparable space-time variation in disease risk. Statistics in Medicine, 19(17–18):2555–2567.CrossRef Knorr-Held, L. (2000). Bayesian modelling of inseparable space-time variation in disease risk. Statistics in Medicine, 19(17–18):2555–2567.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Krieger, N., Williams, D. R., and Moss, N. E. (1997). Measuring social class in US Public Health research: Concepts, methodologies, and guidelines. Annual Review of Public Health, 18:341–378.CrossRef Krieger, N., Williams, D. R., and Moss, N. E. (1997). Measuring social class in US Public Health research: Concepts, methodologies, and guidelines. Annual Review of Public Health, 18:341–378.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kulldorff, M., Athas, W. F., Feuer, E. J., Miller, B. A., and Key, C. R. (1998). Evaluating cluster alarms: A space-time scan statistic and brain cancer in los alamos, new mexico. American Journal of Public Health, 88(9):1377–1380.CrossRef Kulldorff, M., Athas, W. F., Feuer, E. J., Miller, B. A., and Key, C. R. (1998). Evaluating cluster alarms: A space-time scan statistic and brain cancer in los alamos, new mexico. American Journal of Public Health, 88(9):1377–1380.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kulldorff, M. and Nagarwalla, N. (1995). Spatial disease clusters: Detection and inference. Statistics in Medicine, 14:799–810.CrossRef Kulldorff, M. and Nagarwalla, N. (1995). Spatial disease clusters: Detection and inference. Statistics in Medicine, 14:799–810.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lawson, A. B., Browne, W. J., and Rodeiro, C. L. V. (2003). Disease Mapping with WinBUGS and MLwiN. Wiley, Chichester.CrossRef Lawson, A. B., Browne, W. J., and Rodeiro, C. L. V. (2003). Disease Mapping with WinBUGS and MLwiN. Wiley, Chichester.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lawson, A., editor (2005). SMMR special issue on disease mapping. Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 14(1). Lawson, A., editor (2005). SMMR special issue on disease mapping. Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 14(1).
Zurück zum Zitat Lawson, A., Gangnon, R. E. and Wartenburg, D., editors (2006). Special issue: Developments in disease cluster detection. Statistics in Medicine, 25(5). Lawson, A., Gangnon, R. E. and Wartenburg, D., editors (2006). Special issue: Developments in disease cluster detection. Statistics in Medicine, 25(5).
Zurück zum Zitat Loh, J. M. and Zhou, Z. (2007). Accounting for spatial correlation in the scan statistic. The Annals of Applied Statistics, 1:560–584.MathSciNetMATHCrossRef Loh, J. M. and Zhou, Z. (2007). Accounting for spatial correlation in the scan statistic. The Annals of Applied Statistics, 1:560–584.MathSciNetMATHCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Louis, T. A. (1984). Estimating a population of parameter values using Bayes and empirical Bayes methods. Journal of the American Statistical Society, 79:393–398.MathSciNetCrossRef Louis, T. A. (1984). Estimating a population of parameter values using Bayes and empirical Bayes methods. Journal of the American Statistical Society, 79:393–398.MathSciNetCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Marshall, R. J. (1991). Mapping disease and mortality rates using Empirical Bayes estimators. Applied Statistics, 40:283–294.MATHCrossRef Marshall, R. J. (1991). Mapping disease and mortality rates using Empirical Bayes estimators. Applied Statistics, 40:283–294.MATHCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat McMillen, D. P. (2003). Spatial autocorrelation or model misspecification? International Regional Science Review, 26:208–217.CrossRef McMillen, D. P. (2003). Spatial autocorrelation or model misspecification? International Regional Science Review, 26:208–217.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Olson, J. M. and Brewer, C. A. (1997). An evaluation of color selections to accommodate map users with color-vision impairments. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 87:103–134.CrossRef Olson, J. M. and Brewer, C. A. (1997). An evaluation of color selections to accommodate map users with color-vision impairments. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 87:103–134.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Openshaw, S., Charlton, M., Wymer, C., and Craft, A. W. (1987). A Mark I geographical analysis machine for the automated analysis of point data sets. International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, 1:335–358.CrossRef Openshaw, S., Charlton, M., Wymer, C., and Craft, A. W. (1987). A Mark I geographical analysis machine for the automated analysis of point data sets. International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, 1:335–358.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Potthoff, R. F. and Whittinghill, M. (1966). Testing for homogeneity: II. The Poisson distribution. Biometrika, 53:183–190. Potthoff, R. F. and Whittinghill, M. (1966). Testing for homogeneity: II. The Poisson distribution. Biometrika, 53:183–190.
Zurück zum Zitat Rue, H., Martino, S., and Chopin, N. (2009). Approximate Bayesian inference for latent Gaussian models by using integrated nested Laplace approximations. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B, 71(Part 2):319–392. Rue, H., Martino, S., and Chopin, N. (2009). Approximate Bayesian inference for latent Gaussian models by using integrated nested Laplace approximations. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B, 71(Part 2):319–392.
Zurück zum Zitat Ruppert, D., Wand, M. P., and Carroll, R. J. (2003). Semiparametric Regression. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.MATHCrossRef Ruppert, D., Wand, M. P., and Carroll, R. J. (2003). Semiparametric Regression. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.MATHCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Schabenberger, O. and Gotway, C. A. (2005). Statistical Methods for Spatial Data Analysis. Chapman & Hall/CRC, Boca Raton/London.MATH Schabenberger, O. and Gotway, C. A. (2005). Statistical Methods for Spatial Data Analysis. Chapman & Hall/CRC, Boca Raton/London.MATH
Zurück zum Zitat Schrödle, B. and Held, L. (2011). Spatio-temporal disease mapping using INLA. Environmetrics, 22(6):725–734.MathSciNetCrossRef Schrödle, B. and Held, L. (2011). Spatio-temporal disease mapping using INLA. Environmetrics, 22(6):725–734.MathSciNetCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Stone, R. A. (1988). Investigating of excess environmental risks around putative sources: Statistical problems and a proposed test. Statistics in Medicine, 7:649–660.CrossRef Stone, R. A. (1988). Investigating of excess environmental risks around putative sources: Statistical problems and a proposed test. Statistics in Medicine, 7:649–660.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sturtz, S., Ligges, U., and Gelman, A. (2005). R2WinBUGS: A package for running WinBUGS from R . Journal of Statistical Software, 12(3):1–16. Sturtz, S., Ligges, U., and Gelman, A. (2005). R2WinBUGS: A package for running WinBUGS from R . Journal of Statistical Software, 12(3):1–16.
Zurück zum Zitat Tango, T. (1995). A class of tests for detecting general and focused clustering of rare diseases. Statistics in Medicine, 14:2323–2334.CrossRef Tango, T. (1995). A class of tests for detecting general and focused clustering of rare diseases. Statistics in Medicine, 14:2323–2334.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Tango, T. and Takahashi, K. (2005). A flexibly shaped spatial scan statistic for detecting clusters. International Journal of Health Geographics, 4:1–15.CrossRef Tango, T. and Takahashi, K. (2005). A flexibly shaped spatial scan statistic for detecting clusters. International Journal of Health Geographics, 4:1–15.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wakefield, J. C., Kelsall, J. E., and Morris, S. E. (2000). Clustering, cluster detection and spatial variation in risk. In Elliott, P., Wakefield, J., Best, N., and Briggs, D., editors, Spatial Epidemiology: Methods and Applications, pages 128–152. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Wakefield, J. C., Kelsall, J. E., and Morris, S. E. (2000). Clustering, cluster detection and spatial variation in risk. In Elliott, P., Wakefield, J., Best, N., and Briggs, D., editors, Spatial Epidemiology: Methods and Applications, pages 128–152. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Zurück zum Zitat Waller, L. A. and Gotway, C. A. (2004). Applied Spatial Statistics for Public Health Data. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ.MATHCrossRef Waller, L. A. and Gotway, C. A. (2004). Applied Spatial Statistics for Public Health Data. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ.MATHCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Walter, S. D. and Birnie, S. E. (1991). Mapping mortality and morbidity patterns: An international comparison. International Journal of Epidemiology, pages 678–689. Walter, S. D. and Birnie, S. E. (1991). Mapping mortality and morbidity patterns: An international comparison. International Journal of Epidemiology, pages 678–689.
Metadaten
Titel
Disease Mapping
verfasst von
Roger S. Bivand
Edzer Pebesma
Virgilio Gómez-Rubio
Copyright-Jahr
2013
Verlag
Springer New York
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7618-4_10

Premium Partner