Skip to main content

2020 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Hierarchical HMM for Eye Movement Classification

verfasst von : Ye Zhu, Yan Yan, Oleg Komogortsev

Erschienen in: Computer Vision – ECCV 2020 Workshops

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

In this work, we tackle the problem of ternary eye movement classification, which aims to separate fixations, saccades and smooth pursuits from the raw eye positional data. The efficient classification of these different types of eye movements helps to better analyze and utilize the eye tracking data. Different from the existing methods that detect eye movement by several pre-defined threshold values, we propose a hierarchical Hidden Markov Model (HMM) statistical algorithm for detecting fixations, saccades and smooth pursuits. The proposed algorithm leverages different features from the recorded raw eye tracking data with a hierarchical classification strategy, separating one type of eye movement each time. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method by achieving competitive or better performance compared to the state-of-the-art methods.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Bahill, A., Brockenbrough, A., Troost, B.: Variability and development of a normative data base for saccadic eye movements. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 21(1), 116–125 (1981) Bahill, A., Brockenbrough, A., Troost, B.: Variability and development of a normative data base for saccadic eye movements. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 21(1), 116–125 (1981)
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Baum, L.E., Petrie, T., Soules, G., Weiss, N.: A maximization technique occurring in the statistical analysis of probabilistic functions of Markov chains. Ann. Math. Stat. 41(1), 164–171 (1970)MathSciNetCrossRef Baum, L.E., Petrie, T., Soules, G., Weiss, N.: A maximization technique occurring in the statistical analysis of probabilistic functions of Markov chains. Ann. Math. Stat. 41(1), 164–171 (1970)MathSciNetCrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Boraston, Z., Blakemore, S.J.: The application of eye-tracking technology in the study of autism. J. Physiol. 581(3), 893–898 (2007)CrossRef Boraston, Z., Blakemore, S.J.: The application of eye-tracking technology in the study of autism. J. Physiol. 581(3), 893–898 (2007)CrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Bruneau, D., Sasse, M.A., McCarthy, J.: The eyes never lie: the use of eyetracking data in HCI research. ACM (2002) Bruneau, D., Sasse, M.A., McCarthy, J.: The eyes never lie: the use of eyetracking data in HCI research. ACM (2002)
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Duchowski, A.T., Medlin, E., Gramopadhye, A., Melloy, B., Nair, S.: Binocular eye tracking in VR for visual inspection training. In: Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–8 (2001) Duchowski, A.T., Medlin, E., Gramopadhye, A., Melloy, B., Nair, S.: Binocular eye tracking in VR for visual inspection training. In: Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 1–8 (2001)
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Ebisawa, Y.: Improved video-based eye-gaze detection method. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 47(4), 948–955 (1998)CrossRef Ebisawa, Y.: Improved video-based eye-gaze detection method. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 47(4), 948–955 (1998)CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Ehmke, C., Wilson, S.: Identifying web usability problems from eye-tracking data. In: Proceedings of the 21st British HCI Group Annual Conference on People and Computers: HCI... But not as We Know it-Volume 1, pp. 119–128. British Computer Society (2007) Ehmke, C., Wilson, S.: Identifying web usability problems from eye-tracking data. In: Proceedings of the 21st British HCI Group Annual Conference on People and Computers: HCI... But not as We Know it-Volume 1, pp. 119–128. British Computer Society (2007)
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Granka, L.A., Joachims, T., Gay, G.: Eye-tracking analysis of user behavior in www search. In: Proceedings of the 27th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, pp. 478–479. ACM (2004) Granka, L.A., Joachims, T., Gay, G.: Eye-tracking analysis of user behavior in www search. In: Proceedings of the 27th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, pp. 478–479. ACM (2004)
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Hickson, S., Dufour, N., Sud, A., Kwatra, V., Essa, I.: Eyemotion: classifying facial expressions in VR using eye-tracking cameras. In: 2019 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), pp. 1626–1635. IEEE (2019) Hickson, S., Dufour, N., Sud, A., Kwatra, V., Essa, I.: Eyemotion: classifying facial expressions in VR using eye-tracking cameras. In: 2019 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), pp. 1626–1635. IEEE (2019)
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Komogortsev, O.V., Gobert, D.V., Jayarathna, S., Koh, D.H., Gowda, S.M.: Standardization of automated analyses of oculomotor fixation and saccadic behaviors. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 57(11), 2635–2645 (2010)CrossRef Komogortsev, O.V., Gobert, D.V., Jayarathna, S., Koh, D.H., Gowda, S.M.: Standardization of automated analyses of oculomotor fixation and saccadic behaviors. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 57(11), 2635–2645 (2010)CrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Li, Y., Fathi, A., Rehg, J.M.: Learning to predict gaze in egocentric video. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 3216–3223 (2013) Li, Y., Fathi, A., Rehg, J.M.: Learning to predict gaze in egocentric video. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 3216–3223 (2013)
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Nyström, M., Holmqvist, K.: An adaptive algorithm for fixation, saccade, and glissade detection in eyetracking data. Behav. Res. Methods 42(1), 188–204 (2010)CrossRef Nyström, M., Holmqvist, K.: An adaptive algorithm for fixation, saccade, and glissade detection in eyetracking data. Behav. Res. Methods 42(1), 188–204 (2010)CrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Poole, A., Ball, L.J.: Eye tracking in HCI and usability research. In: Encyclopedia of Human Computer Interaction, pp. 211–219. IGI Global (2006) Poole, A., Ball, L.J.: Eye tracking in HCI and usability research. In: Encyclopedia of Human Computer Interaction, pp. 211–219. IGI Global (2006)
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Salvucci, D.D., Goldberg, J.H.: Identifying fixations and saccades in eye-tracking protocols. In: Proceedings of the 2000 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications, pp. 71–78. ACM (2000) Salvucci, D.D., Goldberg, J.H.: Identifying fixations and saccades in eye-tracking protocols. In: Proceedings of the 2000 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications, pp. 71–78. ACM (2000)
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Salvucci, D.D., Anderson, J.R.: Tracing eye movement protocols with cognitive process models (1998) Salvucci, D.D., Anderson, J.R.: Tracing eye movement protocols with cognitive process models (1998)
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Santini, T., Fuhl, W., Kübler, T., Kasneci, E.: Bayesian identification of fixations, saccades, and smooth pursuits. In: Proceedings of the Ninth Biennial ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications, pp. 163–170 (2016) Santini, T., Fuhl, W., Kübler, T., Kasneci, E.: Bayesian identification of fixations, saccades, and smooth pursuits. In: Proceedings of the Ninth Biennial ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications, pp. 163–170 (2016)
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Schiessl, M., Duda, S., Thölke, A., Fischer, R.: Eye tracking and its application in usability and media research. MMI-Interaktiv J. 6, 41–50 (2003) Schiessl, M., Duda, S., Thölke, A., Fischer, R.: Eye tracking and its application in usability and media research. MMI-Interaktiv J. 6, 41–50 (2003)
Metadaten
Titel
Hierarchical HMM for Eye Movement Classification
verfasst von
Ye Zhu
Yan Yan
Oleg Komogortsev
Copyright-Jahr
2020
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66415-2_35

Premium Partner