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Erschienen in: Constitutional Political Economy 2/2017

16.02.2017 | Original Paper

Domestic institutions and the ratification of international agreements in a panel of democracies

verfasst von: Florian Kiesow Cortez, Jerg Gutmann

Erschienen in: Constitutional Political Economy | Ausgabe 2/2017

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Abstract

A recent literature explores how domestic institutions affect politicians’ incentives to enter into international agreements (IAs). We contribute to this field by systematically testing the impact of a broad set of domestic institutional design features. This allows us to compare new and established political economy explanations of IA entry. For this purpose, 99 democracies are analyzed over the period 1975–2010. We find that domestic institutions determine countries’ disposition to enter into IAs, as predicted by political economic theory. For example, democracies with majoritarian electoral institutions are less likely to conclude IAs than other democracies. Countries also conclude more IAs when their democratic institutions are long-lived and they lack an independent judiciary. However, programmatic parties and the number of domestic veto players are not associated with IA-making. The key take-away of this study is that specific domestic institutions matter for how frequently states make formal deals with each other.

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Fußnoten
1
As of this writing 114 states have ratified the Vienna Convention and 15 more have signed but not yet ratified the convention. Many non-signatory states recognize that the convention or parts of it reflect customary international law.
 
2
The dilemma of the strong state is discussed, for example, in Dreher and Voigt (2011). The dilemma involves a commitment problem of the state vis-à-vis its citizens. On the one hand, the state should be strong enough to enforce private property rights. On the other, if a state is powerful enough to enforce property rights, it can misuse its strength to violate those rights. See also Weingast (1995), who argues federalism could be one way of solving the dilemma.
 
3
This issue is discussed in Cox and McCubbins (2001).
 
4
According to Vreeland (2007) these costs include (1) being denied access to the IMF loan; (2) increased difficulty in rescheduling debt, since informal creditor organizations (such as the Paris Club) require good standing under an IMF agreement; and (3) fear of decreased FDI because of the negative signal from a failed IMF agreement.
 
5
This is the case when the executive has an informational advantage and enhanced authority over veto players regarding the conclusion of IAs, which appears to be a plausible assumption. However, research by Mansfield and Milner (2012) on PTAs assumes that domestic veto players have enough political weight to prevent the executive from entering into PTAs. If this applies, governments will be hindered from strategically using IAs to overcome veto player opposition.
 
6
For simplicity, we do not show the joint probability or log likelihood function. The interested reader is referred to Cameron and Trivedi (2005: 804) for a comprehensive discussion.
 
7
To further rule out problems caused by collinearity in our data, we have checked bivariate correlations between our independent variables as well as variance inflation factors (VIFs) from a model estimated with OLS. All bivariate correlations are below 0.8. Unsurprisingly, the highest positive correlations are between income per capita, democracy, and judicial independence. The highest negative correlations are between income and aid dependence, and between population size and trade openness. The VIFs also suggest no reason for concern about collinearity. Judicial independence and income per capita show the highest VIFs with 5.5 and 4.6 respectively.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Domestic institutions and the ratification of international agreements in a panel of democracies
verfasst von
Florian Kiesow Cortez
Jerg Gutmann
Publikationsdatum
16.02.2017
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Constitutional Political Economy / Ausgabe 2/2017
Print ISSN: 1043-4062
Elektronische ISSN: 1572-9966
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10602-017-9238-x

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