Drag reduction on a rectangular bluff body with base flaps and fluidic oscillators

The present paper investigates drag reduction on a rectangular bluff body by employing base flaps and controlling flow separation with fluidic oscillators. Wind tunnel experiments are conducted to assess the influence of various parameters. The flap length has to be sufficiently long to shift the wake structures far enough downstream away from the base plate. Any additional increase in flap length does not yield any further benefits. The flap angle has to be large enough to provide a sufficient inward deflection of the outer flow. If the angle is too large, actuation becomes inefficient due to the pressure gradient imposed by the opposite side of the base perimeter. Furthermore, the flaps at high deflection angles provide additional area for low pressure to act in the streamwise direction and therefore negate the positive effects of actuation. The required actuation intensity is best governed by the ratio between jet and freestream velocity for varying oscillator spacing. For a flap angle of 20°, the smallest net drag is obtained at a velocity ratio of 4.5. Furthermore, the optimal velocity ratio for the most efficient drag reduction changes linearly with flap angle. Smaller flap deflections require a smaller velocity ratio for optimal control at different oscillator spacing. A net drag reduction of about 13 % is measured at a flap angle of 20° when the drag is corrected by the momentum input. Even if the measured drag is conservatively corrected by the energy coefficient, a net improvement of 7 % is achieved. For the current setup, the most efficient drag reduction is still obtained at smaller flap angles with a lower momentum input. However, the presented results support the general feasibility of this drag reduction approach with significant room left for optimization.