Eco-friendly synthesis of tin oxide nanoparticles utilizing the buckthorn leaf extracts

Tin oxide (SnO₂) nanoparticles were prepared by green synthesis process using extract of leaf from buckthorn and tin (IV) chloride pentahydrate (SnCl₄·5H₂O). The materials calcined at 400 °C for 3 h to produce of SnO₂ NPs. SnO₂ nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, optical microscope, and optical spectroscopy techniques.The result of XRD showed formation tin oxide nanoparticles with tetragonal crystal structure. The optical properties were enhanced with rising concentration from 1.25gm/100 ml to 5gm/100 ml. The optical absorbance (A) enhanced of 42.3% at λ = 340 nm (UV-spectrum), 55.8% at λ = 540 nm (VIS-spectrum) and 53.3% at λ = 840 nm (NIR-spectrum). The energy gap is reduced from 3.31 eV to 3.16 eV while the SnO₂ concentration increases from 1.25gm/100 ml to 5gm/100 ml. The obtained results showed that SnO₂ thin film are appropriate for numerous electronic, photocatalytic and photonics fields. The SnO₂ thin film employed for self cleaning against organic dyes. The results indicate that the SnO₂ NPs are very important to apply as a coating nanolayer for self cleaning to obtain on cleaning environment.